.ci/install.sh

@@ -13,21 +13,24 @@ aptget_update()
         return 1
     fi
 }
-aptget_update || aptget_update retry || aptget_update retry
+if [[ $(uname) != CYGWIN* ]]; then
+    aptget_update || aptget_update retry || aptget_update retry
+fi
 
 set -e
 
-sudo apt-get -qq install libfreetype6-dev liblcms2-dev libtiff-dev python3-tk\
-                         ghostscript libjpeg-turbo8-dev libopenjp2-7-dev\
-                         cmake meson imagemagick libharfbuzz-dev libfribidi-dev\
-                         sway wl-clipboard libopenblas-dev nasm
+if [[ $(uname) != CYGWIN* ]]; then
+    sudo apt-get -qq install libfreetype6-dev liblcms2-dev libtiff-dev python3-tk\
+                             ghostscript libjpeg-turbo8-dev libopenjp2-7-dev\
+                             cmake meson imagemagick libharfbuzz-dev libfribidi-dev\
+                             sway wl-clipboard libopenblas-dev nasm
+fi
 
 python3 -m pip install --upgrade pip
 python3 -m pip install --upgrade wheel
 python3 -m pip install coverage
 python3 -m pip install defusedxml
 python3 -m pip install ipython
-python3 -m pip install numpy
 python3 -m pip install olefile
 python3 -m pip install -U pytest
 python3 -m pip install -U pytest-cov
@@ -37,24 +40,36 @@ python3 -m pip install pyroma
 # fails on beta 3.14 and PyPy
 python3 -m pip install --only-binary=:all: pyarrow || true
 
-# PyQt6 doesn't support PyPy3
-if [[ $GHA_PYTHON_VERSION == 3.* ]]; then
-    sudo apt-get -qq install libegl1 libxcb-cursor0 libxcb-icccm4 libxcb-image0 libxcb-keysyms1 libxcb-randr0 libxcb-render-util0 libxcb-shape0 libxkbcommon-x11-0
-    # TODO Update condition when pyqt6 supports free-threading
-    if ! [[ "$PYTHON_GIL" == "0" ]]; then python3 -m pip install pyqt6 ; fi
+if [[ $(uname) != CYGWIN* ]]; then
+    python3 -m pip install numpy
+
+    # PyQt6 doesn't support PyPy3
+    if [[ $GHA_PYTHON_VERSION == 3.* ]]; then
+        sudo apt-get -qq install libegl1 libxcb-cursor0 libxcb-icccm4 libxcb-image0 libxcb-keysyms1 libxcb-randr0 libxcb-render-util0 libxcb-shape0 libxkbcommon-x11-0
+        # TODO Update condition when pyqt6 supports free-threading
+        if ! [[ "$PYTHON_GIL" == "0" ]]; then python3 -m pip install pyqt6 ; fi
+    fi
+
+    # Pyroma uses non-isolated build and fails with old setuptools
+    if [[ $GHA_PYTHON_VERSION == 3.9 ]]; then
+        # To match pyproject.toml
+        python3 -m pip install "setuptools>=77"
+    fi
+
+    # webp
+    pushd depends && ./install_webp.sh && popd
+
+    # libimagequant
+    pushd depends && ./install_imagequant.sh && popd
+
+    # raqm
+    pushd depends && ./install_raqm.sh && popd
+
+    # libavif
+    pushd depends && ./install_libavif.sh && popd
+
+    # extra test images
+    pushd depends && ./install_extra_test_images.sh && popd
+else
+    cd depends && ./install_extra_test_images.sh && cd ..
 fi
-
-# webp
-pushd depends && ./install_webp.sh && popd
-
-# libimagequant
-pushd depends && ./install_imagequant.sh && popd
-
-# raqm
-pushd depends && ./install_raqm.sh && popd
-
-# libavif
-pushd depends && ./install_libavif.sh && popd
-
-# extra test images
-pushd depends && ./install_extra_test_images.sh && popd

.ci/requirements-cibw.txt

@@ -1 +1 @@
-cibuildwheel==3.1.2
+cibuildwheel==3.0.0

.ci/requirements-mypy.txt

@@ -1,11 +1,10 @@
-mypy==1.17.0
+mypy==1.16.1
 IceSpringPySideStubs-PyQt6
 IceSpringPySideStubs-PySide6
 ipython
 numpy
 packaging
 pyarrow-stubs
-pybind11
 pytest
 sphinx
 types-atheris

.github/mergify.yml

@@ -8,6 +8,7 @@ pull_request_rules:
       - status-success=Docker Test Successful
       - status-success=Windows Test Successful
       - status-success=MinGW
+      - status-success=Cygwin Test Successful
     actions:
       merge:
         method: merge

.github/workflows/test-cygwin.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,154 @@
+name: Test Cygwin
+
+on:
+  push:
+    branches:
+      - "**"
+    paths-ignore:
+      - ".github/workflows/docs.yml"
+      - ".github/workflows/wheels*"
+      - ".gitmodules"
+      - "docs/**"
+      - "wheels/**"
+  pull_request:
+    paths-ignore:
+      - ".github/workflows/docs.yml"
+      - ".github/workflows/wheels*"
+      - ".gitmodules"
+      - "docs/**"
+      - "wheels/**"
+  workflow_dispatch:
+
+permissions:
+  contents: read
+
+concurrency:
+  group: ${{ github.workflow }}-${{ github.ref }}
+  cancel-in-progress: true
+
+env:
+  COVERAGE_CORE: sysmon
+
+jobs:
+  build:
+    runs-on: windows-latest
+    strategy:
+      fail-fast: false
+      matrix:
+        python-minor-version: [9]
+
+    timeout-minutes: 40
+
+    name: Python 3.${{ matrix.python-minor-version }}
+
+    steps:
+      - name: Fix line endings
+        run: |
+          git config --global core.autocrlf input
+
+      - name: Checkout Pillow
+        uses: actions/checkout@v4
+        with:
+          persist-credentials: false
+
+      - name: Install Cygwin
+        uses: cygwin/cygwin-install-action@v5
+        with:
+          packages: >
+            gcc-g++
+            ghostscript
+            git
+            ImageMagick
+            jpeg
+            libfreetype-devel
+            libimagequant-devel
+            libjpeg-devel
+            liblapack-devel
+            liblcms2-devel
+            libopenjp2-devel
+            libraqm-devel
+            libtiff-devel
+            libwebp-devel
+            libxcb-devel
+            libxcb-xinerama0
+            make
+            netpbm
+            perl
+            python3${{ matrix.python-minor-version }}-cython
+            python3${{ matrix.python-minor-version }}-devel
+            python3${{ matrix.python-minor-version }}-ipython
+            python3${{ matrix.python-minor-version }}-numpy
+            python3${{ matrix.python-minor-version }}-sip
+            python3${{ matrix.python-minor-version }}-tkinter
+            wget
+            xorg-server-extra
+            zlib-devel
+
+      - name: Add Lapack to PATH
+        uses: egor-tensin/cleanup-path@v4
+        with:
+          dirs: 'C:\cygwin\bin;C:\cygwin\lib\lapack'
+
+      - name: Select Python version
+        run: |
+          ln -sf c:/cygwin/bin/python3.${{ matrix.python-minor-version }} c:/cygwin/bin/python3
+
+      - name: pip cache
+        uses: actions/cache@v4
+        with:
+          path: 'C:\cygwin\home\runneradmin\.cache\pip'
+          key: ${{ runner.os }}-cygwin-pip3.${{ matrix.python-minor-version }}-${{ hashFiles('.ci/install.sh') }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ${{ runner.os }}-cygwin-pip3.${{ matrix.python-minor-version }}-
+
+      - name: Build system information
+        run: |
+          dash.exe -c "python3 .github/workflows/system-info.py"
+
+      - name: Install dependencies
+        run: |
+          bash.exe .ci/install.sh
+
+      - name: Build
+        shell: bash.exe -eo pipefail -o igncr "{0}"
+        run: |
+          .ci/build.sh
+
+      - name: Test
+        run: |
+          bash.exe xvfb-run -s '-screen 0 1024x768x24' .ci/test.sh
+
+      - name: Prepare to upload errors
+        if: failure()
+        run: |
+          dash.exe -c "mkdir -p Tests/errors"
+
+      - name: Upload errors
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v4
+        if: failure()
+        with:
+          name: errors
+          path: Tests/errors
+
+      - name: After success
+        run: |
+          bash.exe .ci/after_success.sh
+          rm C:\cygwin\bin\bash.EXE
+
+      - name: Upload coverage
+        uses: codecov/codecov-action@v5
+        with:
+          files: ./coverage.xml
+          flags: GHA_Cygwin
+          name: Cygwin Python 3.${{ matrix.python-minor-version }}
+          token: ${{ secrets.CODECOV_ORG_TOKEN }}
+
+  success:
+    permissions:
+      contents: none
+    needs: build
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    name: Cygwin Test Successful
+    steps:
+      - name: Success
+        run: echo Cygwin Test Successful

.github/workflows/test-windows.yml

@@ -35,11 +35,11 @@ jobs:
     strategy:
       fail-fast: false
       matrix:
-        python-version: ["pypy3.11", "3.11", "3.12", "3.13", "3.14"]
+        python-version: ["pypy3.11", "pypy3.10", "3.10", "3.11", "3.12", ">=3.13.5", "3.14"]
         architecture: ["x64"]
         include:
             # Test the oldest Python on 32-bit
-            - { python-version: "3.10", architecture: "x86" }
+            - { python-version: "3.9", architecture: "x86" }
 
     timeout-minutes: 45
 

.github/workflows/test.yml

@@ -42,6 +42,7 @@ jobs:
         ]
         python-version: [
           "pypy3.11",
+          "pypy3.10",
           "3.14t",
           "3.14",
           "3.13t",
@@ -49,17 +50,18 @@ jobs:
           "3.12",
           "3.11",
           "3.10",
+          "3.9",
         ]
         include:
-        - { python-version: "3.12", PYTHONOPTIMIZE: 1, REVERSE: "--reverse" }
-        - { python-version: "3.11", PYTHONOPTIMIZE: 2 }
+        - { python-version: "3.11", PYTHONOPTIMIZE: 1, REVERSE: "--reverse" }
+        - { python-version: "3.10", PYTHONOPTIMIZE: 2 }
         # Free-threaded
         - { python-version: "3.14t", disable-gil: true }
         - { python-version: "3.13t", disable-gil: true }
-        # Intel
-        - { os: "macos-13", python-version: "3.10" }
+        # M1 only available for 3.10+
+        - { os: "macos-13", python-version: "3.9" }
         exclude:
-        - { os: "macos-latest", python-version: "3.10" }
+        - { os: "macos-latest", python-version: "3.9" }
 
     runs-on: ${{ matrix.os }}
     name: ${{ matrix.os }} Python ${{ matrix.python-version }}

.github/workflows/wheels-dependencies.sh

@@ -60,7 +60,7 @@ if [[ "$CIBW_PLATFORM" == "ios" ]]; then
     # on using the Xcode builder, which isn't very helpful for most of Pillow's
     # dependencies. Therefore, we lean on the OSX configurations, plus CC, CFLAGS
     # etc. to ensure the right sysroot is selected.
-    HOST_CMAKE_FLAGS="-DCMAKE_SYSTEM_NAME=$CMAKE_SYSTEM_NAME -DCMAKE_SYSTEM_PROCESSOR=$GNU_ARCH -DCMAKE_OSX_DEPLOYMENT_TARGET=$IPHONEOS_DEPLOYMENT_TARGET -DCMAKE_OSX_SYSROOT=$IOS_SDK_PATH -DBUILD_SHARED_LIBS=NO -DENABLE_SHARED=NO"
+    HOST_CMAKE_FLAGS="-DCMAKE_SYSTEM_NAME=$CMAKE_SYSTEM_NAME -DCMAKE_SYSTEM_PROCESSOR=$GNU_ARCH -DCMAKE_OSX_DEPLOYMENT_TARGET=$IPHONEOS_DEPLOYMENT_TARGET -DCMAKE_OSX_SYSROOT=$IOS_SDK_PATH -DBUILD_SHARED_LIBS=NO"
 
     # Meson needs to be pointed at a cross-platform configuration file
     # This will be generated once CC etc. have been evaluated.
@@ -95,7 +95,7 @@ ARCHIVE_SDIR=pillow-depends-main
 # you change those versions, ensure the patch is also updated.
 FREETYPE_VERSION=2.13.3
 HARFBUZZ_VERSION=11.2.1
-LIBPNG_VERSION=1.6.50
+LIBPNG_VERSION=1.6.49
 JPEGTURBO_VERSION=3.1.1
 OPENJPEG_VERSION=2.5.3
 XZ_VERSION=5.8.1
@@ -103,7 +103,7 @@ TIFF_VERSION=4.7.0
 LCMS2_VERSION=2.17
 ZLIB_VERSION=1.3.1
 ZLIB_NG_VERSION=2.2.4
-LIBWEBP_VERSION=1.6.0
+LIBWEBP_VERSION=1.5.0  # Patched; next release won't need patching. See patch file.
 BZIP2_VERSION=1.0.8
 LIBXCB_VERSION=1.17.0
 BROTLI_VERSION=1.1.0  # Patched; next release won't need patching. See patch file.
@@ -186,43 +186,30 @@ function build_libavif {
 
     python3 -m pip install meson ninja
 
-    if ([[ "$PLAT" == "x86_64" ]] && [[ -z "$IOS_SDK" ]]) || [ -n "$SANITIZER" ]; then
+    if [[ "$PLAT" == "x86_64" ]] || [ -n "$SANITIZER" ]; then
         build_simple nasm 2.16.03 https://www.nasm.us/pub/nasm/releasebuilds/2.16.03
     fi
 
     local build_type=MinSizeRel
-    local build_shared=ON
     local lto=ON
 
     local libavif_cmake_flags
 
-    if [[ -n "$IS_MACOS" ]]; then
+    if [ -n "$IS_MACOS" ]; then
         lto=OFF
         libavif_cmake_flags=(
             -DCMAKE_C_FLAGS_MINSIZEREL="-Oz -DNDEBUG -flto" \
             -DCMAKE_CXX_FLAGS_MINSIZEREL="-Oz -DNDEBUG -flto" \
             -DCMAKE_SHARED_LINKER_FLAGS_INIT="-Wl,-S,-x,-dead_strip_dylibs" \
         )
-        if [[ -n "$IOS_SDK" ]]; then
-            build_shared=OFF
-        fi
     else
         if [[ "$MB_ML_VER" == 2014 ]] && [[ "$PLAT" == "x86_64" ]]; then
             build_type=Release
         fi
         libavif_cmake_flags=(-DCMAKE_SHARED_LINKER_FLAGS_INIT="-Wl,--strip-all,-z,relro,-z,now")
     fi
-    if [[ -n "$IOS_SDK" ]] && [[ "$PLAT" == "x86_64" ]]; then
-        libavif_cmake_flags+=(-DAOM_TARGET_CPU=generic)
-    else
-        libavif_cmake_flags+=(
-            -DAVIF_CODEC_AOM_DECODE=OFF \
-            -DAVIF_CODEC_DAV1D=LOCAL
-        )
-    fi
 
     local out_dir=$(fetch_unpack https://github.com/AOMediaCodec/libavif/archive/refs/tags/v$LIBAVIF_VERSION.tar.gz libavif-$LIBAVIF_VERSION.tar.gz)
-
     # CONFIG_AV1_HIGHBITDEPTH=0 is a flag for libaom (included as a subproject
     # of libavif) that disables support for encoding high bit depth images.
     (cd $out_dir \
@@ -230,27 +217,20 @@ function build_libavif {
             -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=$BUILD_PREFIX \
             -DCMAKE_INSTALL_LIBDIR=$BUILD_PREFIX/lib \
             -DCMAKE_INSTALL_NAME_DIR=$BUILD_PREFIX/lib \
-            -DBUILD_SHARED_LIBS=$build_shared \
+            -DBUILD_SHARED_LIBS=ON \
             -DAVIF_LIBSHARPYUV=LOCAL \
             -DAVIF_LIBYUV=LOCAL \
             -DAVIF_CODEC_AOM=LOCAL \
             -DCONFIG_AV1_HIGHBITDEPTH=0 \
+            -DAVIF_CODEC_AOM_DECODE=OFF \
+            -DAVIF_CODEC_DAV1D=LOCAL \
             -DCMAKE_INTERPROCEDURAL_OPTIMIZATION=$lto \
             -DCMAKE_C_VISIBILITY_PRESET=hidden \
             -DCMAKE_CXX_VISIBILITY_PRESET=hidden \
             -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=$build_type \
             "${libavif_cmake_flags[@]}" \
-            $HOST_CMAKE_FLAGS . )
-
-    if [[ -n "$IOS_SDK" ]]; then
-        # libavif's CMake configuration generates a meson cross file... but it
-        # doesn't work for iOS cross-compilation. Copy in Pillow-generated
-        # meson-cross config to replace the cmake-generated version.
-        cp $WORKDIR/meson-cross.txt $out_dir/crossfile-apple.meson
-    fi
-
-    (cd $out_dir && make install)
-
+            . \
+        && make install)
     touch libavif-stamp
 }
 
@@ -288,7 +268,10 @@ function build {
         build_tiff
     fi
 
-    build_libavif
+    if [[ -z "$IOS_SDK" ]]; then
+        # Short term workaround; don't build libavif on iOS
+        build_libavif
+    fi
     build_libpng
     build_lcms2
     build_openjpeg
@@ -297,11 +280,7 @@ function build {
     if [[ -n "$IS_MACOS" ]]; then
         webp_cflags="$webp_cflags -Wl,-headerpad_max_install_names"
     fi
-    webp_ldflags=""
-    if [[ -n "$IOS_SDK" ]]; then
-        webp_ldflags="$webp_ldflags -llzma -lz"
-    fi
-    CFLAGS="$CFLAGS $webp_cflags" LDFLAGS="$LDFLAGS $webp_ldflags" build_simple libwebp $LIBWEBP_VERSION \
+    CFLAGS="$CFLAGS $webp_cflags" build_simple libwebp $LIBWEBP_VERSION \
         https://storage.googleapis.com/downloads.webmproject.org/releases/webp tar.gz \
         --enable-libwebpmux --enable-libwebpdemux
 
@@ -401,15 +380,6 @@ fi
 
 wrap_wheel_builder build
 
-# A safety catch for iOS. iOS can't use dynamic libraries, but clang will prefer
-# to link dynamic libraries to static libraries. The only way to reliably
-# prevent this is to not have dynamic libraries available in the first place.
-# The build process *shouldn't* generate any dylibs... but just in case, purge
-# any dylibs that *have* been installed into the build prefix directory.
-if [[ -n "$IOS_SDK" ]]; then
-    find "$BUILD_PREFIX" -name "*.dylib" -exec rm -rf {} \;
-fi
-
 # Return to the project root to finish the build
 popd > /dev/null
 

.github/workflows/wheels.yml

@@ -77,22 +77,22 @@ jobs:
             platform: linux
             os: ubuntu-latest
             cibw_arch: x86_64
-            manylinux: "manylinux2014"
           - name: "manylinux_2_28 x86_64"
             platform: linux
             os: ubuntu-latest
             cibw_arch: x86_64
             build: "*manylinux*"
+            manylinux: "manylinux_2_28"
           - name: "manylinux2014 and musllinux aarch64"
             platform: linux
             os: ubuntu-24.04-arm
             cibw_arch: aarch64
-            manylinux: "manylinux2014"
           - name: "manylinux_2_28 aarch64"
             platform: linux
             os: ubuntu-24.04-arm
             cibw_arch: aarch64
             build: "*manylinux*"
+            manylinux: "manylinux_2_28"
           - name: "iOS arm64 device"
             platform: ios
             os: macos-latest

.pre-commit-config.yaml

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 repos:
   - repo: https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff-pre-commit
-    rev: v0.12.2
+    rev: v0.12.0
     hooks:
       - id: ruff-check
         args: [--exit-non-zero-on-fix]
@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ repos:
       - id: black
 
   - repo: https://github.com/PyCQA/bandit
-    rev: 1.8.6
+    rev: 1.8.5
     hooks:
     - id: bandit
       args: [--severity-level=high]
@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ repos:
         exclude: (Makefile$|\.bat$|\.cmake$|\.eps$|\.fits$|\.gd$|\.opt$|\.patch$)
 
   - repo: https://github.com/pre-commit/mirrors-clang-format
-    rev: v20.1.7
+    rev: v20.1.6
     hooks:
       - id: clang-format
         types: [c]
@@ -51,14 +51,14 @@ repos:
         exclude: ^.github/.*TEMPLATE|^Tests/(fonts|images)/|\.patch$
 
   - repo: https://github.com/python-jsonschema/check-jsonschema
-    rev: 0.33.2
+    rev: 0.33.1
     hooks:
       - id: check-github-workflows
       - id: check-readthedocs
       - id: check-renovate
 
   - repo: https://github.com/woodruffw/zizmor-pre-commit
-    rev: v1.11.0
+    rev: v1.9.0
     hooks:
       - id: zizmor
 

MANIFEST.in

@@ -13,7 +13,6 @@ include LICENSE
 include Makefile
 include tox.ini
 graft Tests
-graft Tests/images
 graft checks
 graft patches
 graft src
@@ -29,19 +28,8 @@ exclude .editorconfig
 exclude .readthedocs.yml
 exclude codecov.yml
 exclude renovate.json
-exclude Tests/images/README.md
-exclude Tests/images/crash*.tif
-exclude Tests/images/string_dimension.tiff
 global-exclude .git*
 global-exclude *.pyc
 global-exclude *.so
 prune .ci
 prune wheels
-prune winbuild/build
-prune winbuild/depends
-prune Tests/errors
-prune Tests/images/jpeg2000
-prune Tests/images/msp
-prune Tests/images/picins
-prune Tests/images/sunraster
-prune Tests/test-images

README.md

@@ -36,6 +36,9 @@ As of 2019, Pillow development is
             <a href="https://github.com/python-pillow/Pillow/actions/workflows/test-mingw.yml"><img
                 alt="GitHub Actions build status (Test MinGW)"
                 src="https://github.com/python-pillow/Pillow/workflows/Test%20MinGW/badge.svg"></a>
+            <a href="https://github.com/python-pillow/Pillow/actions/workflows/test-cygwin.yml"><img
+                alt="GitHub Actions build status (Test Cygwin)"
+                src="https://github.com/python-pillow/Pillow/workflows/Test%20Cygwin/badge.svg"></a>
             <a href="https://github.com/python-pillow/Pillow/actions/workflows/test-docker.yml"><img
                 alt="GitHub Actions build status (Test Docker)"
                 src="https://github.com/python-pillow/Pillow/workflows/Test%20Docker/badge.svg"></a>

Tests/helper.py

@@ -10,20 +10,17 @@ import shutil
 import subprocess
 import sys
 import tempfile
+from collections.abc import Sequence
 from functools import lru_cache
 from io import BytesIO
+from pathlib import Path
+from typing import Any, Callable
 
 import pytest
 from packaging.version import parse as parse_version
 
 from PIL import Image, ImageFile, ImageMath, features
 
-TYPE_CHECKING = False
-if TYPE_CHECKING:
-    from collections.abc import Callable, Sequence
-    from pathlib import Path
-    from typing import Any
-
 logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
 
 uploader = None
@@ -274,13 +271,17 @@ def _cached_hopper(mode: str) -> Image.Image:
         im = hopper("L")
     else:
         im = hopper()
-    try:
-        im = im.convert(mode)
-    except ImportError:
-        if mode == "LAB":
-            im = Image.open("Tests/images/hopper.Lab.tif")
-        else:
-            raise
+    if mode.startswith("BGR;"):
+        with pytest.warns(DeprecationWarning, match="BGR;"):
+            im = im.convert(mode)
+    else:
+        try:
+            im = im.convert(mode)
+        except ImportError:
+            if mode == "LAB":
+                im = Image.open("Tests/images/hopper.Lab.tif")
+            else:
+                raise
     return im
 
 
@@ -294,6 +295,16 @@ def djpeg_available() -> bool:
     return False
 
 
+def cjpeg_available() -> bool:
+    if shutil.which("cjpeg"):
+        try:
+            subprocess.check_call(["cjpeg", "-version"])
+            return True
+        except subprocess.CalledProcessError:  # pragma: no cover
+            return False
+    return False
+
+
 def netpbm_available() -> bool:
     return bool(shutil.which("ppmquant") and shutil.which("ppmtogif"))
 

Tests/test_deprecate.py

@@ -9,9 +9,9 @@ from PIL import _deprecate
     "version, expected",
     [
         (
-            13,
-            "Old thing is deprecated and will be removed in Pillow 13 "
-            r"\(2026-10-15\)\. Use new thing instead\.",
+            12,
+            "Old thing is deprecated and will be removed in Pillow 12 "
+            r"\(2025-10-15\)\. Use new thing instead\.",
         ),
         (
             None,
@@ -53,18 +53,18 @@ def test_old_version(deprecated: str, plural: bool, expected: str) -> None:
 
 def test_plural() -> None:
     expected = (
-        r"Old things are deprecated and will be removed in Pillow 13 \(2026-10-15\)\. "
+        r"Old things are deprecated and will be removed in Pillow 12 \(2025-10-15\)\. "
         r"Use new thing instead\."
     )
     with pytest.warns(DeprecationWarning, match=expected):
-        _deprecate.deprecate("Old things", 13, "new thing", plural=True)
+        _deprecate.deprecate("Old things", 12, "new thing", plural=True)
 
 
 def test_replacement_and_action() -> None:
     expected = "Use only one of 'replacement' and 'action'"
     with pytest.raises(ValueError, match=expected):
         _deprecate.deprecate(
-            "Old thing", 13, replacement="new thing", action="Upgrade to new thing"
+            "Old thing", 12, replacement="new thing", action="Upgrade to new thing"
         )
 
 
@@ -77,16 +77,16 @@ def test_replacement_and_action() -> None:
 )
 def test_action(action: str) -> None:
     expected = (
-        r"Old thing is deprecated and will be removed in Pillow 13 \(2026-10-15\)\. "
+        r"Old thing is deprecated and will be removed in Pillow 12 \(2025-10-15\)\. "
         r"Upgrade to new thing\."
     )
     with pytest.warns(DeprecationWarning, match=expected):
-        _deprecate.deprecate("Old thing", 13, action=action)
+        _deprecate.deprecate("Old thing", 12, action=action)
 
 
 def test_no_replacement_or_action() -> None:
     expected = (
-        r"Old thing is deprecated and will be removed in Pillow 13 \(2026-10-15\)"
+        r"Old thing is deprecated and will be removed in Pillow 12 \(2025-10-15\)"
     )
     with pytest.warns(DeprecationWarning, match=expected):
-        _deprecate.deprecate("Old thing", 13)
+        _deprecate.deprecate("Old thing", 12)

Tests/test_features.py

@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ from __future__ import annotations
 
 import io
 import re
+from typing import Callable
 
 import pytest
 
@@ -9,10 +10,6 @@ from PIL import features
 
 from .helper import skip_unless_feature
 
-TYPE_CHECKING = False
-if TYPE_CHECKING:
-    from collections.abc import Callable
-
 
 def test_check() -> None:
     # Check the correctness of the convenience function
@@ -21,7 +18,11 @@ def test_check() -> None:
     for codec in features.codecs:
         assert features.check_codec(codec) == features.check(codec)
     for feature in features.features:
-        assert features.check_feature(feature) == features.check(feature)
+        if "webp" in feature:
+            with pytest.warns(DeprecationWarning, match="webp"):
+                assert features.check_feature(feature) == features.check(feature)
+        else:
+            assert features.check_feature(feature) == features.check(feature)
 
 
 def test_version() -> None:
@@ -47,7 +48,26 @@ def test_version() -> None:
     for codec in features.codecs:
         test(codec, features.version_codec)
     for feature in features.features:
-        test(feature, features.version_feature)
+        if "webp" in feature:
+            with pytest.warns(DeprecationWarning, match="webp"):
+                test(feature, features.version_feature)
+        else:
+            test(feature, features.version_feature)
+
+
+def test_webp_transparency() -> None:
+    with pytest.warns(DeprecationWarning, match="transp_webp"):
+        assert (features.check("transp_webp") or False) == features.check_module("webp")
+
+
+def test_webp_mux() -> None:
+    with pytest.warns(DeprecationWarning, match="webp_mux"):
+        assert (features.check("webp_mux") or False) == features.check_module("webp")
+
+
+def test_webp_anim() -> None:
+    with pytest.warns(DeprecationWarning, match="webp_anim"):
+        assert (features.check("webp_anim") or False) == features.check_module("webp")
 
 
 @skip_unless_feature("libjpeg_turbo")
@@ -107,25 +127,6 @@ def test_unsupported_module() -> None:
         features.version_module(module)
 
 
-def test_unsupported_feature() -> None:
-    # Arrange
-    feature = "unsupported_feature"
-    # Act / Assert
-    with pytest.raises(ValueError):
-        features.check_feature(feature)
-    with pytest.raises(ValueError):
-        features.version_feature(feature)
-
-
-def test_unsupported_version() -> None:
-    assert features.version("unsupported_version") is None
-
-
-def test_modulenotfound(monkeypatch: pytest.MonkeyPatch) -> None:
-    monkeypatch.setattr(features, "features", {"test": ("PIL._test", "", "")})
-    assert features.check_feature("test") is None
-
-
 @pytest.mark.parametrize("supported_formats", (True, False))
 def test_pilinfo(supported_formats: bool) -> None:
     buf = io.StringIO()

Tests/test_file_dds.py

@@ -380,28 +380,21 @@ def test_palette() -> None:
         assert_image_equal_tofile(im, "Tests/images/transparent.gif")
 
 
-def test_unsupported_header_size() -> None:
-    with pytest.raises(OSError, match="Unsupported header size 0"):
-        with Image.open(BytesIO(b"DDS " + b"\x00" * 4)):
-            pass
-
-
 def test_unsupported_bitcount() -> None:
-    with pytest.raises(OSError, match="Unsupported bitcount 24 for 131072"):
+    with pytest.raises(OSError):
         with Image.open("Tests/images/unsupported_bitcount.dds"):
             pass
 
 
 @pytest.mark.parametrize(
-    "test_file, message",
+    "test_file",
     (
-        ("Tests/images/unimplemented_dxgi_format.dds", "Unimplemented DXGI format 93"),
-        ("Tests/images/unimplemented_pixel_format.dds", "Unimplemented pixel format 0"),
-        ("Tests/images/unimplemented_pfflags.dds", "Unknown pixel format flags 8"),
+        "Tests/images/unimplemented_dxgi_format.dds",
+        "Tests/images/unimplemented_pfflags.dds",
     ),
 )
-def test_not_implemented(test_file: str, message: str) -> None:
-    with pytest.raises(NotImplementedError, match=message):
+def test_not_implemented(test_file: str) -> None:
+    with pytest.raises(NotImplementedError):
         with Image.open(test_file):
             pass
 

Tests/test_file_icns.py

@@ -93,11 +93,21 @@ def test_sizes() -> None:
     with Image.open(TEST_FILE) as im:
         assert isinstance(im, IcnsImagePlugin.IcnsImageFile)
         for w, h, r in im.info["sizes"]:
+            wr = w * r
+            hr = h * r
+            with pytest.warns(
+                DeprecationWarning, match=r"Setting size to \(width, height, scale\)"
+            ):
+                im.size = (w, h, r)
+            im.load()
+            assert im.mode == "RGBA"
+            assert im.size == (wr, hr)
+
             # Test using load() with scale
             im.size = (w, h)
             im.load(scale=r)
             assert im.mode == "RGBA"
-            assert im.size == (w * r, h * r)
+            assert im.size == (wr, hr)
 
         # Check that we cannot load an incorrect size
         with pytest.raises(ValueError):

Tests/test_file_iptc.py

@@ -1,6 +1,9 @@
 from __future__ import annotations
 
-from io import BytesIO
+import sys
+from io import BytesIO, StringIO
+
+import pytest
 
 from PIL import Image, IptcImagePlugin, TiffImagePlugin, TiffTags
 
@@ -98,3 +101,35 @@ def test_getiptcinfo_tiff_none() -> None:
 
     # Assert
     assert iptc is None
+
+
+def test_i() -> None:
+    # Arrange
+    c = b"a"
+
+    # Act
+    with pytest.warns(DeprecationWarning, match="IptcImagePlugin.i"):
+        ret = IptcImagePlugin.i(c)
+
+    # Assert
+    assert ret == 97
+
+
+def test_dump(monkeypatch: pytest.MonkeyPatch) -> None:
+    # Arrange
+    c = b"abc"
+    # Temporarily redirect stdout
+    mystdout = StringIO()
+    monkeypatch.setattr(sys, "stdout", mystdout)
+
+    # Act
+    with pytest.warns(DeprecationWarning, match="IptcImagePlugin.dump"):
+        IptcImagePlugin.dump(c)
+
+    # Assert
+    assert mystdout.getvalue() == "61 62 63 \n"
+
+
+def test_pad_deprecation() -> None:
+    with pytest.warns(DeprecationWarning, match="IptcImagePlugin.PAD"):
+        assert IptcImagePlugin.PAD == b"\0\0\0\0"

Tests/test_file_jpeg.py

@@ -26,6 +26,7 @@ from .helper import (
     assert_image_equal_tofile,
     assert_image_similar,
     assert_image_similar_tofile,
+    cjpeg_available,
     djpeg_available,
     hopper,
     is_win32,
@@ -730,6 +731,14 @@ class TestFileJpeg:
             img.load_djpeg()
             assert_image_similar_tofile(img, TEST_FILE, 5)
 
+    @pytest.mark.skipif(not cjpeg_available(), reason="cjpeg not available")
+    def test_save_cjpeg(self, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+        with Image.open(TEST_FILE) as img:
+            tempfile = str(tmp_path / "temp.jpg")
+            JpegImagePlugin._save_cjpeg(img, BytesIO(), tempfile)
+            # Default save quality is 75%, so a tiny bit of difference is alright
+            assert_image_similar_tofile(img, tempfile, 17)
+
     def test_no_duplicate_0x1001_tag(self) -> None:
         # Arrange
         tag_ids = {v: k for k, v in ExifTags.TAGS.items()}
@@ -1106,6 +1115,14 @@ class TestFileJpeg:
 
         assert im._repr_jpeg_() is None
 
+    def test_deprecation(self) -> None:
+        with Image.open(TEST_FILE) as im:
+            assert isinstance(im, JpegImagePlugin.JpegImageFile)
+            with pytest.warns(DeprecationWarning, match="huffman_ac"):
+                assert im.huffman_ac == {}
+            with pytest.warns(DeprecationWarning, match="huffman_dc"):
+                assert im.huffman_dc == {}
+
 
 @pytest.mark.skipif(not is_win32(), reason="Windows only")
 @skip_unless_feature("jpg")

Tests/test_file_libtiff.py

@@ -256,7 +256,19 @@ class TestFileLibTiff(LibTiffTestCase):
 
             im.save(out, tiffinfo=new_ifd)
 
-    @pytest.mark.parametrize("libtiff", (True, False))
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize(
+        "libtiff",
+        (
+            pytest.param(
+                True,
+                marks=pytest.mark.skipif(
+                    not getattr(Image.core, "libtiff_support_custom_tags", False),
+                    reason="Custom tags not supported by older libtiff",
+                ),
+            ),
+            False,
+        ),
+    )
     def test_custom_metadata(
         self, monkeypatch: pytest.MonkeyPatch, tmp_path: Path, libtiff: bool
     ) -> None:
@@ -712,7 +724,8 @@ class TestFileLibTiff(LibTiffTestCase):
 
         with Image.open(out) as reloaded:
             assert isinstance(reloaded, TiffImagePlugin.TiffImageFile)
-            assert reloaded.tag_v2[34665] == 125456
+            if Image.core.libtiff_support_custom_tags:
+                assert reloaded.tag_v2[34665] == 125456
 
     def test_crashing_metadata(
         self, monkeypatch: pytest.MonkeyPatch, tmp_path: Path
@@ -764,7 +777,19 @@ class TestFileLibTiff(LibTiffTestCase):
             assert icc_libtiff is not None
         assert icc == icc_libtiff
 
-    @pytest.mark.parametrize("libtiff", (True, False))
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize(
+        "libtiff",
+        (
+            pytest.param(
+                True,
+                marks=pytest.mark.skipif(
+                    not getattr(Image.core, "libtiff_support_custom_tags", False),
+                    reason="Custom tags not supported by older libtiff",
+                ),
+            ),
+            False,
+        ),
+    )
     def test_write_icc(
         self, monkeypatch: pytest.MonkeyPatch, tmp_path: Path, libtiff: bool
     ) -> None:
@@ -873,8 +898,8 @@ class TestFileLibTiff(LibTiffTestCase):
                 assert im.mode == "RGB"
                 assert im.size == (128, 128)
                 assert im.format == "TIFF"
-                with hopper() as im2:
-                    assert_image_similar(im, im2, 5)
+                im2 = hopper()
+                assert_image_similar(im, im2, 5)
         except OSError:
             captured = capfd.readouterr()
             if "LZMA compression support is not configured" in captured.err:

Tests/test_file_wmf.py

@@ -44,18 +44,6 @@ def test_load_zero_inch() -> None:
             pass
 
 
-def test_load_unsupported_wmf() -> None:
-    b = BytesIO(b"\xd7\xcd\xc6\x9a\x00\x00" + b"\x01" * 10)
-    with pytest.raises(SyntaxError, match="Unsupported WMF file format"):
-        WmfImagePlugin.WmfStubImageFile(b)
-
-
-def test_load_unsupported() -> None:
-    b = BytesIO(b"\x01\x00\x00\x00")
-    with pytest.raises(SyntaxError, match="Unsupported file format"):
-        WmfImagePlugin.WmfStubImageFile(b)
-
-
 def test_render() -> None:
     with open("Tests/images/drawing.emf", "rb") as fp:
         data = fp.read()

Tests/test_format_hsv.py

@@ -2,15 +2,12 @@ from __future__ import annotations
 
 import colorsys
 import itertools
+from typing import Callable
 
 from PIL import Image
 
 from .helper import assert_image_similar, hopper
 
-TYPE_CHECKING = False
-if TYPE_CHECKING:
-    from collections.abc import Callable
-
 
 def int_to_float(i: int) -> float:
     return i / 255

Tests/test_image.py

@@ -30,6 +30,7 @@ from .helper import (
     assert_image_similar_tofile,
     assert_not_all_same,
     hopper,
+    is_big_endian,
     is_win32,
     mark_if_feature_version,
     skip_unless_feature,
@@ -49,10 +50,19 @@ except ImportError:
     PrettyPrinter = None
 
 
+# Deprecation helper
+def helper_image_new(mode: str, size: tuple[int, int]) -> Image.Image:
+    if mode.startswith("BGR;"):
+        with pytest.warns(DeprecationWarning, match="BGR;"):
+            return Image.new(mode, size)
+    else:
+        return Image.new(mode, size)
+
+
 class TestImage:
-    @pytest.mark.parametrize("mode", Image.MODES)
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize("mode", Image.MODES + ["BGR;15", "BGR;16", "BGR;24"])
     def test_image_modes_success(self, mode: str) -> None:
-        Image.new(mode, (1, 1))
+        helper_image_new(mode, (1, 1))
 
     @pytest.mark.parametrize("mode", ("", "bad", "very very long"))
     def test_image_modes_fail(self, mode: str) -> None:
@@ -1132,29 +1142,39 @@ class TestImage:
             assert len(caplog.records) == 0
             assert im.fp is None
 
+    def test_deprecation(self) -> None:
+        with pytest.warns(DeprecationWarning, match="Image.isImageType"):
+            assert not Image.isImageType(None)
+
 
 class TestImageBytes:
-    @pytest.mark.parametrize("mode", Image.MODES)
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize("mode", Image.MODES + ["BGR;15", "BGR;16", "BGR;24"])
     def test_roundtrip_bytes_constructor(self, mode: str) -> None:
         im = hopper(mode)
         source_bytes = im.tobytes()
 
-        reloaded = Image.frombytes(mode, im.size, source_bytes)
+        if mode.startswith("BGR;"):
+            with pytest.warns(DeprecationWarning, match=mode):
+                reloaded = Image.frombytes(mode, im.size, source_bytes)
+        else:
+            reloaded = Image.frombytes(mode, im.size, source_bytes)
         assert reloaded.tobytes() == source_bytes
 
-    @pytest.mark.parametrize("mode", Image.MODES)
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize("mode", Image.MODES + ["BGR;15", "BGR;16", "BGR;24"])
     def test_roundtrip_bytes_method(self, mode: str) -> None:
         im = hopper(mode)
         source_bytes = im.tobytes()
 
-        reloaded = Image.new(mode, im.size)
+        reloaded = helper_image_new(mode, im.size)
         reloaded.frombytes(source_bytes)
         assert reloaded.tobytes() == source_bytes
 
-    @pytest.mark.parametrize("mode", Image.MODES)
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize("mode", Image.MODES + ["BGR;15", "BGR;16", "BGR;24"])
     def test_getdata_putdata(self, mode: str) -> None:
+        if is_big_endian() and mode == "BGR;15":
+            pytest.xfail("Known failure of BGR;15 on big-endian")
         im = hopper(mode)
-        reloaded = Image.new(mode, im.size)
+        reloaded = helper_image_new(mode, im.size)
         reloaded.putdata(im.getdata())
         assert_image_equal(im, reloaded)
 

Tests/test_image_access.py

@@ -123,6 +123,10 @@ class TestImageGetPixel:
         bands = Image.getmodebands(mode)
         if bands == 1:
             return 1
+        if mode in ("BGR;15", "BGR;16"):
+            # These modes have less than 8 bits per band,
+            # so (1, 2, 3) cannot be roundtripped.
+            return (16, 32, 49)
         return tuple(range(1, bands + 1))
 
     def check(self, mode: str, expected_color_int: int | None = None) -> None:
@@ -187,6 +191,11 @@ class TestImageGetPixel:
     def test_basic(self, mode: str) -> None:
         self.check(mode)
 
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize("mode", ("BGR;15", "BGR;16", "BGR;24"))
+    def test_deprecated(self, mode: str) -> None:
+        with pytest.warns(DeprecationWarning, match="BGR;"):
+            self.check(mode)
+
     def test_list(self) -> None:
         im = hopper()
         assert im.getpixel([0, 0]) == (20, 20, 70)
@@ -209,7 +218,7 @@ class TestImageGetPixel:
 
 
 class TestImagePutPixelError:
-    IMAGE_MODES1 = ["LA", "RGB", "RGBA"]
+    IMAGE_MODES1 = ["LA", "RGB", "RGBA", "BGR;15"]
     IMAGE_MODES2 = ["L", "I", "I;16"]
     INVALID_TYPES = ["foo", 1.0, None]
 
@@ -225,6 +234,11 @@ class TestImagePutPixelError:
         (
             ("L", (0, 2), "color must be int or single-element tuple"),
             ("LA", (0, 3), "color must be int, or tuple of one or two elements"),
+            (
+                "BGR;15",
+                (0, 2),
+                "color must be int, or tuple of one or three elements",
+            ),
             (
                 "RGB",
                 (0, 2, 5),
@@ -315,10 +329,3 @@ int main(int argc, char* argv[])
         process = subprocess.Popen(["embed_pil.exe"], env=env)
         process.communicate()
         assert process.returncode == 0
-
-    def teardown_method(self) -> None:
-        try:
-            os.remove("embed_pil.c")
-        except FileNotFoundError:
-            # If the test was skipped or failed, the file won't exist
-            pass

Tests/test_image_getim.py

@@ -1,5 +1,7 @@
 from __future__ import annotations
 
+import pytest
+
 from .helper import hopper
 
 
@@ -8,3 +10,10 @@ def test_sanity() -> None:
 
     type_repr = repr(type(im.getim()))
     assert "PyCapsule" in type_repr
+
+    with pytest.warns(DeprecationWarning, match="id property"):
+        assert isinstance(im.im.id, int)
+
+    with pytest.warns(DeprecationWarning, match="unsafe_ptrs property"):
+        ptrs = dict(im.im.unsafe_ptrs)
+    assert ptrs.keys() == {"image8", "image32", "image"}

Tests/test_image_histogram.py

@@ -10,12 +10,9 @@ def test_histogram() -> None:
 
     assert histogram("1") == (256, 0, 10994)
     assert histogram("L") == (256, 0, 662)
-    assert histogram("LA") == (512, 0, 16384)
-    assert histogram("La") == (512, 0, 16384)
     assert histogram("I") == (256, 0, 662)
     assert histogram("F") == (256, 0, 662)
     assert histogram("P") == (256, 0, 1551)
-    assert histogram("PA") == (512, 0, 16384)
     assert histogram("RGB") == (768, 4, 675)
     assert histogram("RGBA") == (1024, 0, 16384)
     assert histogram("CMYK") == (1024, 0, 16384)

Tests/test_image_putdata.py

@@ -78,6 +78,16 @@ def test_mode_F() -> None:
     assert list(im.getdata()) == target
 
 
+@pytest.mark.parametrize("mode", ("BGR;15", "BGR;16", "BGR;24"))
+def test_mode_BGR(mode: str) -> None:
+    data = [(16, 32, 49), (32, 32, 98)]
+    with pytest.warns(DeprecationWarning, match=mode):
+        im = Image.new(mode, (1, 2))
+    im.putdata(data)
+
+    assert list(im.getdata()) == data
+
+
 def test_array_B() -> None:
     # shouldn't segfault
     # see https://github.com/python-pillow/Pillow/issues/1008

Tests/test_image_resize.py

@@ -324,7 +324,7 @@ class TestImageResize:
         im = hopper(mode)
         assert im.resize((20, 20), Image.Resampling.BICUBIC) == im.resize((20, 20))
 
-    @pytest.mark.parametrize("mode", ("1", "P"))
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize("mode", ("1", "P", "BGR;15", "BGR;16"))
     def test_default_filter_nearest(self, mode: str) -> None:
         im = hopper(mode)
         assert im.resize((20, 20), Image.Resampling.NEAREST) == im.resize((20, 20))

Tests/test_image_transform.py

@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 from __future__ import annotations
 
 import math
+from typing import Callable
 
 import pytest
 
@@ -8,10 +9,6 @@ from PIL import Image, ImageTransform
 
 from .helper import assert_image_equal, assert_image_similar, hopper
 
-TYPE_CHECKING = False
-if TYPE_CHECKING:
-    from collections.abc import Callable
-
 
 class TestImageTransform:
     def test_sanity(self) -> None:

Tests/test_imagechops.py

@@ -1,13 +1,11 @@
 from __future__ import annotations
 
+from typing import Callable
+
 from PIL import Image, ImageChops
 
 from .helper import assert_image_equal, hopper
 
-TYPE_CHECKING = False
-if TYPE_CHECKING:
-    from collections.abc import Callable
-
 BLACK = (0, 0, 0)
 BROWN = (127, 64, 0)
 CYAN = (0, 255, 255)

Tests/test_imagecms.py

@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ import shutil
 import sys
 from io import BytesIO
 from pathlib import Path
-from typing import Literal, cast
+from typing import Any, Literal, cast
 
 import pytest
 
@@ -31,9 +31,6 @@ except ImportError:
     # Skipped via setup_module()
     pass
 
-TYPE_CHECKING = False
-if TYPE_CHECKING:
-    from typing import Any
 
 SRGB = "Tests/icc/sRGB_IEC61966-2-1_black_scaled.icc"
 HAVE_PROFILE = os.path.exists(SRGB)
@@ -57,6 +54,10 @@ def skip_missing() -> None:
 def test_sanity() -> None:
     # basic smoke test.
     # this mostly follows the cms_test outline.
+    with pytest.warns(DeprecationWarning, match="PIL.ImageCms.versions"):
+        v = ImageCms.versions()  # should return four strings
+    assert v[0] == "1.0.0 pil"
+    assert list(map(type, v)) == [str, str, str, str]
 
     # internal version number
     version = features.version_module("littlecms2")
@@ -211,10 +212,9 @@ def test_exceptions() -> None:
         ImageCms.getProfileName(None)  # type: ignore[arg-type]
     skip_missing()
 
-    with pytest.raises(
-        ImageCms.PyCMSError,
-        match="'NoneType' object cannot be interpreted as an integer",
-    ):
+    # Python <= 3.9: "an integer is required (got type NoneType)"
+    # Python > 3.9: "'NoneType' object cannot be interpreted as an integer"
+    with pytest.raises(ImageCms.PyCMSError, match="integer"):
         ImageCms.isIntentSupported(SRGB, None, None)  # type: ignore[arg-type]
 
 
@@ -677,6 +677,12 @@ def test_auxiliary_channels_isolated() -> None:
                 assert_image_equal(test_image.convert(dst_format[2]), reference_image)
 
 
+def test_long_modes() -> None:
+    p = ImageCms.getOpenProfile("Tests/icc/sGrey-v2-nano.icc")
+    with pytest.warns(DeprecationWarning, match="ABCDEFGHI"):
+        ImageCms.buildTransform(p, p, "ABCDEFGHI", "ABCDEFGHI")
+
+
 @pytest.mark.parametrize("mode", ("RGB", "RGBA", "RGBX"))
 def test_rgb_lab(mode: str) -> None:
     im = Image.new(mode, (1, 1))
@@ -697,14 +703,15 @@ def test_cmyk_lab() -> None:
 
 
 def test_deprecation() -> None:
+    with pytest.warns(DeprecationWarning, match="ImageCms.DESCRIPTION"):
+        assert ImageCms.DESCRIPTION.strip().startswith("pyCMS")
+    with pytest.warns(DeprecationWarning, match="ImageCms.VERSION"):
+        assert ImageCms.VERSION == "1.0.0 pil"
+    with pytest.warns(DeprecationWarning, match="ImageCms.FLAGS"):
+        assert isinstance(ImageCms.FLAGS, dict)
+
     profile = ImageCmsProfile(ImageCms.createProfile("sRGB"))
-    with pytest.warns(
-        DeprecationWarning, match="ImageCms.ImageCmsProfile.product_name"
-    ):
-        profile.product_name
-    with pytest.warns(
-        DeprecationWarning, match="ImageCms.ImageCmsProfile.product_info"
-    ):
-        profile.product_info
-    with pytest.raises(AttributeError):
-        profile.this_attribute_does_not_exist
+    with pytest.warns(DeprecationWarning, match="RGBA;16B"):
+        ImageCms.ImageCmsTransform(profile, profile, "RGBA;16B", "RGB")
+    with pytest.warns(DeprecationWarning, match="RGBA;16B"):
+        ImageCms.ImageCmsTransform(profile, profile, "RGB", "RGBA;16B")

Tests/test_imagedraw.py

@@ -1,10 +1,13 @@
 from __future__ import annotations
 
 import os.path
+from collections.abc import Sequence
+from typing import Callable
 
 import pytest
 
 from PIL import Image, ImageColor, ImageDraw, ImageFont, features
+from PIL._typing import Coords
 
 from .helper import (
     assert_image_equal,
@@ -14,12 +17,6 @@ from .helper import (
     skip_unless_feature,
 )
 
-TYPE_CHECKING = False
-if TYPE_CHECKING:
-    from collections.abc import Callable, Sequence
-
-    from PIL._typing import Coords
-
 BLACK = (0, 0, 0)
 WHITE = (255, 255, 255)
 GRAY = (190, 190, 190)
@@ -1735,3 +1732,8 @@ def test_incorrectly_ordered_coordinates(xy: tuple[int, int, int, int]) -> None:
         draw.rectangle(xy)
     with pytest.raises(ValueError):
         draw.rounded_rectangle(xy)
+
+
+def test_getdraw() -> None:
+    with pytest.warns(DeprecationWarning, match="'hints' parameter"):
+        ImageDraw.getdraw(None, [])

Tests/test_imagefile.py

@@ -151,6 +151,11 @@ class TestImageFile:
         # Despite multiple tiles, assert only one tile caused a read of maxblock size
         assert reads.count(im.decodermaxblock) == 1
 
+    def test_raise_oserror(self) -> None:
+        with pytest.warns(DeprecationWarning, match="raise_oserror"):
+            with pytest.raises(OSError):
+                ImageFile.raise_oserror(1)
+
     def test_raise_typeerror(self) -> None:
         with pytest.raises(TypeError):
             parser = ImageFile.Parser()

Tests/test_imagefont.py

@@ -11,6 +11,7 @@ from pathlib import Path
 from typing import Any, BinaryIO
 
 import pytest
+from packaging.version import parse as parse_version
 
 from PIL import Image, ImageDraw, ImageFont, features
 from PIL._typing import StrOrBytesPath
@@ -690,6 +691,16 @@ def test_complex_font_settings() -> None:
 
 
 def test_variation_get(font: ImageFont.FreeTypeFont) -> None:
+    version = features.version_module("freetype2")
+    assert version is not None
+    freetype = parse_version(version)
+    if freetype < parse_version("2.9.1"):
+        with pytest.raises(NotImplementedError):
+            font.get_variation_names()
+        with pytest.raises(NotImplementedError):
+            font.get_variation_axes()
+        return
+
     with pytest.raises(OSError):
         font.get_variation_names()
     with pytest.raises(OSError):
@@ -752,6 +763,14 @@ def _check_text(font: ImageFont.FreeTypeFont, path: str, epsilon: float) -> None
 
 
 def test_variation_set_by_name(font: ImageFont.FreeTypeFont) -> None:
+    version = features.version_module("freetype2")
+    assert version is not None
+    freetype = parse_version(version)
+    if freetype < parse_version("2.9.1"):
+        with pytest.raises(NotImplementedError):
+            font.set_variation_by_name("Bold")
+        return
+
     with pytest.raises(OSError):
         font.set_variation_by_name("Bold")
 
@@ -771,6 +790,14 @@ def test_variation_set_by_name(font: ImageFont.FreeTypeFont) -> None:
 
 
 def test_variation_set_by_axes(font: ImageFont.FreeTypeFont) -> None:
+    version = features.version_module("freetype2")
+    assert version is not None
+    freetype = parse_version(version)
+    if freetype < parse_version("2.9.1"):
+        with pytest.raises(NotImplementedError):
+            font.set_variation_by_axes([100])
+        return
+
     with pytest.raises(OSError):
         font.set_variation_by_axes([500, 50])
 
@@ -1182,3 +1209,15 @@ def test_invalid_truetype_sizes_raise_valueerror(
 ) -> None:
     with pytest.raises(ValueError):
         ImageFont.truetype(FONT_PATH, size, layout_engine=layout_engine)
+
+
+def test_freetype_deprecation(monkeypatch: pytest.MonkeyPatch) -> None:
+    # Arrange: mock features.version_module to return fake FreeType version
+    def fake_version_module(module: str) -> str:
+        return "2.9.0"
+
+    monkeypatch.setattr(features, "version_module", fake_version_module)
+
+    # Act / Assert
+    with pytest.warns(DeprecationWarning, match="FreeType 2.9.0"):
+        ImageFont.truetype(FONT_PATH, FONT_SIZE)

Tests/test_imagemath_lambda_eval.py

@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ from typing import Any
 
 import pytest
 
-from PIL import Image, ImageMath, _imagingmath
+from PIL import Image, ImageMath
 
 
 def pixel(im: Image.Image | int) -> str | int:
@@ -55,6 +55,11 @@ def test_sanity() -> None:
     )
 
 
+def test_options_deprecated() -> None:
+    with pytest.warns(DeprecationWarning, match="ImageMath.lambda_eval options"):
+        assert ImageMath.lambda_eval(lambda args: 1, images) == 1
+
+
 def test_ops() -> None:
     assert pixel(ImageMath.lambda_eval(lambda args: args["A"] * -1, **images)) == "I -1"
 
@@ -500,31 +505,3 @@ def test_logical_not_equal() -> None:
         )
         == "I 1"
     )
-
-
-def test_reflected_operands() -> None:
-    assert pixel(ImageMath.lambda_eval(lambda args: 1 + args["A"], **images)) == "I 2"
-    assert pixel(ImageMath.lambda_eval(lambda args: 1 - args["A"], **images)) == "I 0"
-    assert pixel(ImageMath.lambda_eval(lambda args: 1 * args["A"], **images)) == "I 1"
-    assert pixel(ImageMath.lambda_eval(lambda args: 1 / args["A"], **images)) == "I 1"
-    assert pixel(ImageMath.lambda_eval(lambda args: 1 % args["A"], **images)) == "I 0"
-    assert pixel(ImageMath.lambda_eval(lambda args: 1 ** args["A"], **images)) == "I 1"
-    assert pixel(ImageMath.lambda_eval(lambda args: 1 & args["A"], **images)) == "I 1"
-    assert pixel(ImageMath.lambda_eval(lambda args: 1 | args["A"], **images)) == "I 1"
-    assert pixel(ImageMath.lambda_eval(lambda args: 1 ^ args["A"], **images)) == "I 0"
-
-
-def test_unsupported_mode() -> None:
-    im = Image.new("RGB", (1, 1))
-    with pytest.raises(ValueError, match="unsupported mode: RGB"):
-        ImageMath.lambda_eval(lambda args: args["im"] + 1, im=im)
-
-
-def test_bad_operand_type(monkeypatch: pytest.MonkeyPatch) -> None:
-    monkeypatch.delattr(_imagingmath, "abs_I")
-    with pytest.raises(TypeError, match="bad operand type for 'abs'"):
-        ImageMath.lambda_eval(lambda args: abs(args["I"]), I=I)
-
-    monkeypatch.delattr(_imagingmath, "max_F")
-    with pytest.raises(TypeError, match="bad operand type for 'max'"):
-        ImageMath.lambda_eval(lambda args: args["max"](args["I"], args["F"]), I=I, F=F)

Tests/test_imagemath_unsafe_eval.py

@@ -35,6 +35,16 @@ def test_sanity() -> None:
     assert pixel(ImageMath.unsafe_eval("int(float(A)+B)", **images)) == "I 3"
 
 
+def test_eval_deprecated() -> None:
+    with pytest.warns(DeprecationWarning, match="ImageMath.eval"):
+        assert ImageMath.eval("1") == 1
+
+
+def test_options_deprecated() -> None:
+    with pytest.warns(DeprecationWarning, match="ImageMath.unsafe_eval options"):
+        assert ImageMath.unsafe_eval("1", images) == 1
+
+
 def test_ops() -> None:
     assert pixel(ImageMath.unsafe_eval("-A", **images)) == "I -1"
     assert pixel(ImageMath.unsafe_eval("+B", **images)) == "L 2"

Tests/test_lib_pack.py

@@ -361,6 +361,18 @@ class TestLibUnpack:
             "RGB", "CMYK", 4, (250, 249, 248), (242, 241, 240), (234, 233, 233)
         )
 
+    def test_BGR(self) -> None:
+        with pytest.warns(DeprecationWarning, match="BGR;15"):
+            self.assert_unpack(
+                "BGR;15", "BGR;15", 3, (8, 131, 0), (24, 0, 8), (41, 131, 8)
+            )
+        with pytest.warns(DeprecationWarning, match="BGR;16"):
+            self.assert_unpack(
+                "BGR;16", "BGR;16", 3, (8, 64, 0), (24, 129, 0), (41, 194, 0)
+            )
+        with pytest.warns(DeprecationWarning, match="BGR;24"):
+            self.assert_unpack("BGR;24", "BGR;24", 3, (1, 2, 3), (4, 5, 6), (7, 8, 9))
+
     def test_RGBA(self) -> None:
         self.assert_unpack("RGBA", "LA", 2, (1, 1, 1, 2), (3, 3, 3, 4), (5, 5, 5, 6))
         self.assert_unpack(

Tests/test_pyroma.py

@@ -9,30 +9,9 @@ from PIL import __version__
 pyroma = pytest.importorskip("pyroma", reason="Pyroma not installed")
 
 
-def map_metadata_keys(metadata):
-    # Convert installed wheel metadata into canonical Core Metadata 2.4 format.
-    # This was a utility method in pyroma 4.3.3; it was removed in 5.0.
-    # This implementation is constructed from the relevant logic from
-    # Pyroma 5.0's `build_metadata()` implementation. This has been submitted
-    # upstream to Pyroma as https://github.com/regebro/pyroma/pull/116,
-    # so it may be possible to simplify this test in future.
-    data = {}
-    for key in set(metadata.keys()):
-        value = metadata.get_all(key)
-        key = pyroma.projectdata.normalize(key)
-
-        if len(value) == 1:
-            value = value[0]
-            if value.strip() == "UNKNOWN":
-                continue
-
-        data[key] = value
-    return data
-
-
 def test_pyroma() -> None:
     # Arrange
-    data = map_metadata_keys(metadata("Pillow"))
+    data = pyroma.projectdata.map_metadata_keys(metadata("Pillow"))
 
     # Act
     rating = pyroma.ratings.rate(data)
@@ -46,5 +25,11 @@ def test_pyroma() -> None:
         )
 
     else:
-        # Should have a perfect score
-        assert rating == (10, [])
+        # Should have a perfect score, but pyroma does not support PEP 639 yet.
+        assert rating == (
+            9,
+            [
+                "Your package does neither have a license field "
+                "nor any license classifiers."
+            ],
+        )

Tests/test_qt_image_qapplication.py

@@ -1,5 +1,8 @@
 from __future__ import annotations
 
+from pathlib import Path
+from typing import Union
+
 import pytest
 
 from PIL import Image, ImageQt
@@ -8,8 +11,18 @@ from .helper import assert_image_equal_tofile, assert_image_similar, hopper
 
 TYPE_CHECKING = False
 if TYPE_CHECKING:
-    from pathlib import Path
+    import PyQt6
+    import PySide6
 
+    QApplication = Union[PyQt6.QtWidgets.QApplication, PySide6.QtWidgets.QApplication]
+    QHBoxLayout = Union[PyQt6.QtWidgets.QHBoxLayout, PySide6.QtWidgets.QHBoxLayout]
+    QImage = Union[PyQt6.QtGui.QImage, PySide6.QtGui.QImage]
+    QLabel = Union[PyQt6.QtWidgets.QLabel, PySide6.QtWidgets.QLabel]
+    QPainter = Union[PyQt6.QtGui.QPainter, PySide6.QtGui.QPainter]
+    QPixmap = Union[PyQt6.QtGui.QPixmap, PySide6.QtGui.QPixmap]
+    QPoint = Union[PyQt6.QtCore.QPoint, PySide6.QtCore.QPoint]
+    QRegion = Union[PyQt6.QtGui.QRegion, PySide6.QtGui.QRegion]
+    QWidget = Union[PyQt6.QtWidgets.QWidget, PySide6.QtWidgets.QWidget]
 
 if ImageQt.qt_is_installed:
     from PIL.ImageQt import QPixmap
@@ -19,16 +32,11 @@ if ImageQt.qt_is_installed:
         from PyQt6.QtGui import QImage, QPainter, QRegion
         from PyQt6.QtWidgets import QApplication, QHBoxLayout, QLabel, QWidget
     elif ImageQt.qt_version == "side6":
-        from PySide6.QtCore import QPoint  # type: ignore[assignment]
-        from PySide6.QtGui import QImage, QPainter, QRegion  # type: ignore[assignment]
-        from PySide6.QtWidgets import (  # type: ignore[assignment]
-            QApplication,
-            QHBoxLayout,
-            QLabel,
-            QWidget,
-        )
+        from PySide6.QtCore import QPoint
+        from PySide6.QtGui import QImage, QPainter, QRegion
+        from PySide6.QtWidgets import QApplication, QHBoxLayout, QLabel, QWidget
 
-    class Example(QWidget):
+    class Example(QWidget):  # type: ignore[misc]
         def __init__(self) -> None:
             super().__init__()
 
@@ -39,9 +47,9 @@ if ImageQt.qt_is_installed:
             pixmap1 = getattr(ImageQt.QPixmap, "fromImage")(qimage)
 
             # hbox
-            QHBoxLayout(self)
+            QHBoxLayout(self)  # type: ignore[operator]
 
-            lbl = QLabel(self)
+            lbl = QLabel(self)  # type: ignore[operator]
             # Segfault in the problem
             lbl.setPixmap(pixmap1.copy())
 
@@ -55,7 +63,7 @@ def roundtrip(expected: Image.Image) -> None:
 @pytest.mark.skipif(not ImageQt.qt_is_installed, reason="Qt bindings are not installed")
 def test_sanity(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
     # Segfault test
-    app: QApplication | None = QApplication([])
+    app: QApplication | None = QApplication([])  # type: ignore[operator]
     ex = Example()
     assert app  # Silence warning
     assert ex  # Silence warning
@@ -76,11 +84,11 @@ def test_sanity(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
         imageqt = ImageQt.ImageQt(im)
         data = getattr(QPixmap, "fromImage")(imageqt)
         qt_format = getattr(QImage, "Format") if ImageQt.qt_version == "6" else QImage
-        qimage = QImage(128, 128, getattr(qt_format, "Format_ARGB32"))
-        painter = QPainter(qimage)
-        image_label = QLabel()
+        qimage = QImage(128, 128, getattr(qt_format, "Format_ARGB32"))  # type: ignore[operator]
+        painter = QPainter(qimage)  # type: ignore[operator]
+        image_label = QLabel()  # type: ignore[operator]
         image_label.setPixmap(data)
-        image_label.render(painter, QPoint(0, 0), QRegion(0, 0, 128, 128))
+        image_label.render(painter, QPoint(0, 0), QRegion(0, 0, 128, 128))  # type: ignore[operator]
         painter.end()
         rendered_tempfile = str(tmp_path / f"temp_rendered_{mode}.png")
         qimage.save(rendered_tempfile)

Tests/test_qt_image_toqimage.py

@@ -1,15 +1,13 @@
 from __future__ import annotations
 
+from pathlib import Path
+
 import pytest
 
 from PIL import ImageQt
 
 from .helper import assert_image_equal, assert_image_equal_tofile, hopper
 
-TYPE_CHECKING = False
-if TYPE_CHECKING:
-    from pathlib import Path
-
 pytestmark = pytest.mark.skipif(
     not ImageQt.qt_is_installed, reason="Qt bindings are not installed"
 )
@@ -23,7 +21,7 @@ def test_sanity(mode: str, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
     src = hopper(mode)
     data = ImageQt.toqimage(src)
 
-    assert isinstance(data, QImage)
+    assert isinstance(data, QImage)  # type: ignore[arg-type, misc]
     assert not data.isNull()
 
     # reload directly from the qimage

Tests/test_shell_injection.py

@@ -2,18 +2,14 @@ from __future__ import annotations
 
 import shutil
 from io import BytesIO
+from pathlib import Path
+from typing import IO, Callable
 
 import pytest
 
 from PIL import GifImagePlugin, Image, JpegImagePlugin
 
-from .helper import djpeg_available, is_win32, netpbm_available
-
-TYPE_CHECKING = False
-if TYPE_CHECKING:
-    from collections.abc import Callable
-    from pathlib import Path
-    from typing import IO
+from .helper import cjpeg_available, djpeg_available, is_win32, netpbm_available
 
 TEST_JPG = "Tests/images/hopper.jpg"
 TEST_GIF = "Tests/images/hopper.gif"
@@ -46,6 +42,11 @@ class TestShellInjection:
                 assert isinstance(im, JpegImagePlugin.JpegImageFile)
                 im.load_djpeg()
 
+    @pytest.mark.skipif(not cjpeg_available(), reason="cjpeg not available")
+    def test_save_cjpeg_filename(self, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+        with Image.open(TEST_JPG) as im:
+            self.assert_save_filename_check(tmp_path, im, JpegImagePlugin._save_cjpeg)
+
     @pytest.mark.skipif(not netpbm_available(), reason="Netpbm not available")
     def test_save_netpbm_filename_bmp_mode(self, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
         with Image.open(TEST_GIF) as im:

checks/check_imaging_leaks.py

@@ -1,8 +1,7 @@
 #!/usr/bin/env python3
 from __future__ import annotations
 
-from collections.abc import Callable
-from typing import Any
+from typing import Any, Callable
 
 import pytest
 

checks/check_wheel.py

@@ -25,7 +25,8 @@ def test_wheel_modules() -> None:
 
     elif sys.platform == "ios":
         # tkinter is not available on iOS
-        expected_modules.remove("tkinter")
+        # libavif is not available on iOS (for now)
+        expected_modules -= {"tkinter", "avif"}
 
     assert set(features.get_supported_modules()) == expected_modules
 
@@ -38,6 +39,9 @@ def test_wheel_codecs() -> None:
 
 def test_wheel_features() -> None:
     expected_features = {
+        "webp_anim",
+        "webp_mux",
+        "transp_webp",
         "raqm",
         "fribidi",
         "harfbuzz",

depends/install_webp.sh

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 #!/bin/bash
 # install webp
 
-archive=libwebp-1.6.0
+archive=libwebp-1.5.0
 
 ./download-and-extract.sh $archive https://raw.githubusercontent.com/python-pillow/pillow-depends/main/$archive.tar.gz
 

docs/deprecations.rst

@@ -12,6 +12,169 @@ Deprecated features
 Below are features which are considered deprecated. Where appropriate,
 a :py:exc:`DeprecationWarning` is issued.
 
+ImageFile.raise_oserror
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+.. deprecated:: 10.2.0
+
+``ImageFile.raise_oserror()`` has been deprecated and will be removed in Pillow
+12.0.0 (2025-10-15). The function is undocumented and is only useful for translating
+error codes returned by a codec's ``decode()`` method, which ImageFile already does
+automatically.
+
+IptcImageFile helper functions
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+.. deprecated:: 10.2.0
+
+The functions ``IptcImageFile.dump`` and ``IptcImageFile.i``, and the constant
+``IptcImageFile.PAD`` have been deprecated and will be removed in Pillow
+12.0.0 (2025-10-15). These are undocumented helper functions intended
+for internal use, so there is no replacement. They can each be replaced
+by a single line of code using builtin functions in Python.
+
+ImageCms constants and versions() function
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+.. deprecated:: 10.3.0
+
+A number of constants and a function in :py:mod:`.ImageCms` have been deprecated.
+This includes a table of flags based on LittleCMS version 1 which has been
+replaced with a new class :py:class:`.ImageCms.Flags` based on LittleCMS 2 flags.
+
+============================================  ====================================================
+Deprecated                                    Use instead
+============================================  ====================================================
+``ImageCms.DESCRIPTION``                      No replacement
+``ImageCms.VERSION``                          ``PIL.__version__``
+``ImageCms.FLAGS["MATRIXINPUT"]``             :py:attr:`.ImageCms.Flags.CLUT_POST_LINEARIZATION`
+``ImageCms.FLAGS["MATRIXOUTPUT"]``            :py:attr:`.ImageCms.Flags.FORCE_CLUT`
+``ImageCms.FLAGS["MATRIXONLY"]``              No replacement
+``ImageCms.FLAGS["NOWHITEONWHITEFIXUP"]``     :py:attr:`.ImageCms.Flags.NOWHITEONWHITEFIXUP`
+``ImageCms.FLAGS["NOPRELINEARIZATION"]``      :py:attr:`.ImageCms.Flags.CLUT_PRE_LINEARIZATION`
+``ImageCms.FLAGS["GUESSDEVICECLASS"]``        :py:attr:`.ImageCms.Flags.GUESSDEVICECLASS`
+``ImageCms.FLAGS["NOTCACHE"]``                :py:attr:`.ImageCms.Flags.NOCACHE`
+``ImageCms.FLAGS["NOTPRECALC"]``              :py:attr:`.ImageCms.Flags.NOOPTIMIZE`
+``ImageCms.FLAGS["NULLTRANSFORM"]``           :py:attr:`.ImageCms.Flags.NULLTRANSFORM`
+``ImageCms.FLAGS["HIGHRESPRECALC"]``          :py:attr:`.ImageCms.Flags.HIGHRESPRECALC`
+``ImageCms.FLAGS["LOWRESPRECALC"]``           :py:attr:`.ImageCms.Flags.LOWRESPRECALC`
+``ImageCms.FLAGS["GAMUTCHECK"]``              :py:attr:`.ImageCms.Flags.GAMUTCHECK`
+``ImageCms.FLAGS["WHITEBLACKCOMPENSATION"]``  :py:attr:`.ImageCms.Flags.BLACKPOINTCOMPENSATION`
+``ImageCms.FLAGS["BLACKPOINTCOMPENSATION"]``  :py:attr:`.ImageCms.Flags.BLACKPOINTCOMPENSATION`
+``ImageCms.FLAGS["SOFTPROOFING"]``            :py:attr:`.ImageCms.Flags.SOFTPROOFING`
+``ImageCms.FLAGS["PRESERVEBLACK"]``           :py:attr:`.ImageCms.Flags.NONEGATIVES`
+``ImageCms.FLAGS["NODEFAULTRESOURCEDEF"]``    :py:attr:`.ImageCms.Flags.NODEFAULTRESOURCEDEF`
+``ImageCms.FLAGS["GRIDPOINTS"]``              :py:attr:`.ImageCms.Flags.GRIDPOINTS()`
+``ImageCms.versions()``                       :py:func:`PIL.features.version_module` with
+                                              ``feature="littlecms2"``, :py:data:`sys.version` or
+                                              :py:data:`sys.version_info`, and ``PIL.__version__``
+============================================  ====================================================
+
+ImageMath eval()
+^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
+
+.. deprecated:: 10.3.0
+
+``ImageMath.eval()`` has been deprecated. Use :py:meth:`~PIL.ImageMath.lambda_eval` or
+:py:meth:`~PIL.ImageMath.unsafe_eval` instead.
+
+BGR;15, BGR 16 and BGR;24
+^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
+
+.. deprecated:: 10.4.0
+
+The experimental BGR;15, BGR;16 and BGR;24 modes have been deprecated.
+
+Non-image modes in ImageCms
+^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
+
+.. deprecated:: 10.4.0
+
+The use in :py:mod:`.ImageCms` of input modes and output modes that are not Pillow
+image modes has been deprecated. Defaulting to "L" or "1" if the mode cannot be mapped
+is also deprecated.
+
+Support for LibTIFF earlier than 4
+^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
+
+.. deprecated:: 10.4.0
+
+Support for LibTIFF earlier than version 4 has been deprecated.
+Upgrade to a newer version of LibTIFF instead.
+
+ImageDraw.getdraw hints parameter
+^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
+
+.. deprecated:: 10.4.0
+
+The ``hints`` parameter in :py:meth:`~PIL.ImageDraw.getdraw()` has been deprecated.
+
+FreeType 2.9.0
+^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
+
+.. deprecated:: 11.0.0
+
+Support for FreeType 2.9.0 is deprecated and will be removed in Pillow 12.0.0
+(2025-10-15), when FreeType 2.9.1 will be the minimum supported.
+
+We recommend upgrading to at least FreeType `2.10.4`_, which fixed a severe
+vulnerability introduced in FreeType 2.6 (:cve:`2020-15999`).
+
+.. _2.10.4: https://sourceforge.net/projects/freetype/files/freetype2/2.10.4/
+
+ICNS (width, height, scale) sizes
+^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
+
+.. deprecated:: 11.0.0
+
+Setting an ICNS image size to ``(width, height, scale)`` before loading has been
+deprecated. Instead, ``load(scale)`` can be used.
+
+Image isImageType()
+^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
+
+.. deprecated:: 11.0.0
+
+``Image.isImageType(im)`` has been deprecated. Use ``isinstance(im, Image.Image)``
+instead.
+
+ImageMath.lambda_eval and ImageMath.unsafe_eval options parameter
+^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
+
+.. deprecated:: 11.0.0
+
+The ``options`` parameter in :py:meth:`~PIL.ImageMath.lambda_eval()` and
+:py:meth:`~PIL.ImageMath.unsafe_eval()` has been deprecated. One or more keyword
+arguments can be used instead.
+
+JpegImageFile.huffman_ac and JpegImageFile.huffman_dc
+^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
+
+.. deprecated:: 11.0.0
+
+The ``huffman_ac`` and ``huffman_dc`` dictionaries on JPEG images were unused. They
+have been deprecated, and will be removed in Pillow 12 (2025-10-15).
+
+Specific WebP feature checks
+^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
+
+.. deprecated:: 11.0.0
+
+``features.check("transp_webp")``, ``features.check("webp_mux")`` and
+``features.check("webp_anim")`` are now deprecated. They will always return
+``True`` if the WebP module is installed, until they are removed in Pillow
+12.0.0 (2025-10-15).
+
+Get internal pointers to objects
+^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
+
+.. deprecated:: 11.0.0
+
+``Image.core.ImagingCore.id`` and ``Image.core.ImagingCore.unsafe_ptrs`` have been
+deprecated and will be removed in Pillow 12 (2025-10-15). They were used for obtaining
+raw pointers to ``ImagingCore`` internals. To interact with C code, you can use
+``Image.Image.getim()``, which returns a ``Capsule`` object.
+
 ExifTags.IFD.Makernote
 ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
 
@@ -52,201 +215,18 @@ another mode before saving::
     im = Image.new("I", (1, 1))
     im.convert("I;16").save("out.png")
 
-ImageCms.ImageCmsProfile.product_name and .product_info
-^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
-
-.. deprecated:: 12.0.0
-
-``ImageCms.ImageCmsProfile.product_name`` and the corresponding
-``.product_info`` attributes have been deprecated, and will be removed in
-Pillow 13 (2026-10-15). They have been set to ``None`` since Pillow 2.3.0.
-
 Removed features
 ----------------
 
 Deprecated features are only removed in major releases after an appropriate
 period of deprecation has passed.
 
-ImageFile.raise_oserror
-^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
-
-.. deprecated:: 10.2.0
-.. versionremoved:: 12.0.0
-
-``ImageFile.raise_oserror()`` has been removed. The function was undocumented and was
-only useful for translating error codes returned by a codec's ``decode()`` method,
-which ImageFile already did automatically.
-
-IptcImageFile helper functions
-^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
-
-.. deprecated:: 10.2.0
-.. versionremoved:: 12.0.0
-
-The functions ``IptcImageFile.dump`` and ``IptcImageFile.i``, and the constant
-``IptcImageFile.PAD`` have been removed. These were undocumented helper functions
-intended for internal use, so there is no replacement. They can each be replaced by a
-single line of code using builtin functions in Python.
-
-ImageCms constants and versions() function
-^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
-
-.. deprecated:: 10.3.0
-.. versionremoved:: 12.0.0
-
-A number of constants and a function in :py:mod:`.ImageCms` have been removed. This
-includes a table of flags based on LittleCMS version 1 which has been replaced with a
-new class :py:class:`.ImageCms.Flags` based on LittleCMS 2 flags.
-
-============================================  ====================================================
-Deprecated                                    Use instead
-============================================  ====================================================
-``ImageCms.DESCRIPTION``                      No replacement
-``ImageCms.VERSION``                          ``PIL.__version__``
-``ImageCms.FLAGS["MATRIXINPUT"]``             :py:attr:`.ImageCms.Flags.CLUT_POST_LINEARIZATION`
-``ImageCms.FLAGS["MATRIXOUTPUT"]``            :py:attr:`.ImageCms.Flags.FORCE_CLUT`
-``ImageCms.FLAGS["MATRIXONLY"]``              No replacement
-``ImageCms.FLAGS["NOWHITEONWHITEFIXUP"]``     :py:attr:`.ImageCms.Flags.NOWHITEONWHITEFIXUP`
-``ImageCms.FLAGS["NOPRELINEARIZATION"]``      :py:attr:`.ImageCms.Flags.CLUT_PRE_LINEARIZATION`
-``ImageCms.FLAGS["GUESSDEVICECLASS"]``        :py:attr:`.ImageCms.Flags.GUESSDEVICECLASS`
-``ImageCms.FLAGS["NOTCACHE"]``                :py:attr:`.ImageCms.Flags.NOCACHE`
-``ImageCms.FLAGS["NOTPRECALC"]``              :py:attr:`.ImageCms.Flags.NOOPTIMIZE`
-``ImageCms.FLAGS["NULLTRANSFORM"]``           :py:attr:`.ImageCms.Flags.NULLTRANSFORM`
-``ImageCms.FLAGS["HIGHRESPRECALC"]``          :py:attr:`.ImageCms.Flags.HIGHRESPRECALC`
-``ImageCms.FLAGS["LOWRESPRECALC"]``           :py:attr:`.ImageCms.Flags.LOWRESPRECALC`
-``ImageCms.FLAGS["GAMUTCHECK"]``              :py:attr:`.ImageCms.Flags.GAMUTCHECK`
-``ImageCms.FLAGS["WHITEBLACKCOMPENSATION"]``  :py:attr:`.ImageCms.Flags.BLACKPOINTCOMPENSATION`
-``ImageCms.FLAGS["BLACKPOINTCOMPENSATION"]``  :py:attr:`.ImageCms.Flags.BLACKPOINTCOMPENSATION`
-``ImageCms.FLAGS["SOFTPROOFING"]``            :py:attr:`.ImageCms.Flags.SOFTPROOFING`
-``ImageCms.FLAGS["PRESERVEBLACK"]``           :py:attr:`.ImageCms.Flags.NONEGATIVES`
-``ImageCms.FLAGS["NODEFAULTRESOURCEDEF"]``    :py:attr:`.ImageCms.Flags.NODEFAULTRESOURCEDEF`
-``ImageCms.FLAGS["GRIDPOINTS"]``              :py:attr:`.ImageCms.Flags.GRIDPOINTS()`
-``ImageCms.versions()``                       :py:func:`PIL.features.version_module` with
-                                              ``feature="littlecms2"``, :py:data:`sys.version` or
-                                              :py:data:`sys.version_info`, and ``PIL.__version__``
-============================================  ====================================================
-
-ImageMath eval()
-^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
-
-.. deprecated:: 10.3.0
-.. versionremoved:: 12.0.0
-
-``ImageMath.eval()`` has been removed. Use :py:meth:`~PIL.ImageMath.lambda_eval` or
-:py:meth:`~PIL.ImageMath.unsafe_eval` instead.
-
-BGR;15, BGR 16 and BGR;24
-^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
-
-.. deprecated:: 10.4.0
-.. versionremoved:: 12.0.0
-
-The experimental BGR;15, BGR;16 and BGR;24 modes have been removed.
-
-Non-image modes in ImageCms
-^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
-
-.. deprecated:: 10.4.0
-.. versionremoved:: 12.0.0
-
-The use in :py:mod:`.ImageCms` of input modes and output modes that are not Pillow
-image modes has been removed. Defaulting to "L" or "1" if the mode cannot be mapped has
-also been removed.
-
-Support for LibTIFF earlier than 4
-^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
-
-.. deprecated:: 10.4.0
-.. versionremoved:: 12.0.0
-
-Support for LibTIFF earlier than version 4 has been removed.
-Upgrade to a newer version of LibTIFF instead.
-
-ImageDraw.getdraw hints parameter
-^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
-
-.. deprecated:: 10.4.0
-.. versionremoved:: 12.0.0
-
-The ``hints`` parameter in :py:meth:`~PIL.ImageDraw.getdraw()` has been removed.
-
-FreeType 2.9.0
-^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
-
-.. deprecated:: 11.0.0
-.. versionremoved:: 12.0.0
-
-Support for FreeType 2.9.0 has been removed. FreeType 2.9.1 is the minimum version
-supported.
-
-We recommend upgrading to at least FreeType `2.10.4`_, which fixed a severe
-vulnerability introduced in FreeType 2.6 (:cve:`2020-15999`).
-
-.. _2.10.4: https://sourceforge.net/projects/freetype/files/freetype2/2.10.4/
-
-ICNS (width, height, scale) sizes
-^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
-
-.. deprecated:: 11.0.0
-.. versionremoved:: 12.0.0
-
-Setting an ICNS image size to ``(width, height, scale)`` before loading has been
-removed. Instead, ``load(scale)`` can be used.
-
-Image isImageType()
-^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
-
-.. deprecated:: 11.0.0
-.. versionremoved:: 12.0.0
-
-``Image.isImageType(im)`` has been removed. Use ``isinstance(im, Image.Image)``
-instead.
-
-ImageMath.lambda_eval and ImageMath.unsafe_eval options parameter
-^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
-
-.. deprecated:: 11.0.0
-.. versionremoved:: 12.0.0
-
-The ``options`` parameter in :py:meth:`~PIL.ImageMath.lambda_eval()` and
-:py:meth:`~PIL.ImageMath.unsafe_eval()` has been removed. One or more keyword
-arguments can be used instead.
-
-JpegImageFile.huffman_ac and JpegImageFile.huffman_dc
-^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
-
-.. deprecated:: 11.0.0
-.. versionremoved:: 12.0.0
-
-The ``huffman_ac`` and ``huffman_dc`` dictionaries on JPEG images were unused. They
-have been removed.
-
-Specific WebP feature checks
-^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
-
-.. deprecated:: 11.0.0
-.. versionremoved:: 12.0.0
-
-``features.check("transp_webp")``, ``features.check("webp_mux")`` and
-``features.check("webp_anim")`` have been removed.
-
-Get internal pointers to objects
-^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
-
-.. deprecated:: 11.0.0
-.. versionremoved:: 12.0.0
-
-``Image.core.ImagingCore.id`` and ``Image.core.ImagingCore.unsafe_ptrs`` have been
-removed. They were used for obtaining raw pointers to ``ImagingCore`` internals. To
-interact with C code, you can use ``Image.Image.getim()``, which returns a ``Capsule``
-object.
-
 TiffImagePlugin IFD_LEGACY_API
 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
 
 .. versionremoved:: 11.0.0
 
-``TiffImagePlugin.IFD_LEGACY_API`` has been removed, as it was an unused setting.
+``TiffImagePlugin.IFD_LEGACY_API`` was removed, as it was an unused setting.
 
 PSFile
 ~~~~~~

docs/handbook/concepts.rst

@@ -101,28 +101,6 @@ Palette
 The palette mode (``P``) uses a color palette to define the actual color for
 each pixel.
 
-.. _colors:
-
-Colors
-------
-
-To specify colors, you can use tuples with a value for each channel in the image, e.g.
-``Image.new("RGB", (1, 1), (255, 0, 0))``.
-
-If an image has a single channel, you can use a single number instead, e.g.
-``Image.new("L", (1, 1), 255)``. For "F" mode images, floating point values are also
-accepted. In the case of "P" mode images, these will be indexes for the color palette.
-
-If a single value is used for an image with more than one channel, it will still be
-parsed::
-
-    >>> from PIL import Image
-    >>> im = Image.new("RGBA", (1, 1), 0x04030201)
-    >>> im.getpixel((0, 0))
-    (1, 2, 3, 4)
-
-Some methods accept other forms, such as color names. See :ref:`color-names`.
-
 Info
 ----
 

docs/index.rst

@@ -29,6 +29,10 @@ Pillow for enterprise is available via the Tidelift Subscription. `Learn more <h
    :target: https://github.com/python-pillow/Pillow/actions/workflows/test-mingw.yml
    :alt: GitHub Actions build status (Test MinGW)
 
+.. image:: https://github.com/python-pillow/Pillow/workflows/Test%20Cygwin/badge.svg
+   :target: https://github.com/python-pillow/Pillow/actions/workflows/test-cygwin.yml
+   :alt: GitHub Actions build status (Test Cygwin)
+
 .. image:: https://github.com/python-pillow/Pillow/workflows/Wheels/badge.svg
    :target: https://github.com/python-pillow/Pillow/actions/workflows/wheels.yml
    :alt: GitHub Actions build status (Wheels)

docs/installation/building-from-source.rst

@@ -44,7 +44,7 @@ Many of Pillow's features require external libraries:
 
 * **libtiff** provides compressed TIFF functionality
 
-  * Pillow has been tested with libtiff versions **4.0-4.7.0**
+  * Pillow has been tested with libtiff versions **3.x** and **4.0-4.7.0**
 
 * **libfreetype** provides type related services
 
@@ -276,9 +276,10 @@ Build options
 
 * Config setting: ``-C parallel=n``. Can also be given
   with environment variable: ``MAX_CONCURRENCY=n``. Pillow can use
-  multiprocessing to build the extensions. Setting ``-C parallel=n``
+  multiprocessing to build the extension. Setting ``-C parallel=n``
   sets the number of CPUs to use to ``n``, or can disable parallel building by
-  using a setting of 1. By default, it uses as many CPUs as are present.
+  using a setting of 1. By default, it uses 4 CPUs, or if 4 are not
+  available, as many as are present.
 
 * Config settings: ``-C zlib=disable``, ``-C jpeg=disable``,
   ``-C tiff=disable``, ``-C freetype=disable``, ``-C raqm=disable``,

docs/installation/newer-versions.csv

@@ -1,10 +1,9 @@
-Python,3.14,3.13,3.12,3.11,3.10,3.9,3.8,3.7,3.6,3.5
-Pillow 12,Yes,Yes,Yes,Yes,Yes,,,,,
-Pillow 11,,Yes,Yes,Yes,Yes,Yes,,,,
-Pillow 10.1 - 10.4,,,Yes,Yes,Yes,Yes,Yes,,,
-Pillow 10.0,,,,Yes,Yes,Yes,Yes,,,
-Pillow 9.3 - 9.5,,,,Yes,Yes,Yes,Yes,Yes,,
-Pillow 9.0 - 9.2,,,,,Yes,Yes,Yes,Yes,,
-Pillow 8.3.2 - 8.4,,,,,Yes,Yes,Yes,Yes,Yes,
-Pillow 8.0 - 8.3.1,,,,,,Yes,Yes,Yes,Yes,
-Pillow 7.0 - 7.2,,,,,,,Yes,Yes,Yes,Yes
+Python,3.13,3.12,3.11,3.10,3.9,3.8,3.7,3.6,3.5
+Pillow >= 11,Yes,Yes,Yes,Yes,Yes,,,,
+Pillow 10.1 - 10.4,,Yes,Yes,Yes,Yes,Yes,,,
+Pillow 10.0,,,Yes,Yes,Yes,Yes,,,
+Pillow 9.3 - 9.5,,,Yes,Yes,Yes,Yes,Yes,,
+Pillow 9.0 - 9.2,,,,Yes,Yes,Yes,Yes,,
+Pillow 8.3.2 - 8.4,,,,Yes,Yes,Yes,Yes,Yes,
+Pillow 8.0 - 8.3.1,,,,,Yes,Yes,Yes,Yes,
+Pillow 7.0 - 7.2,,,,,,Yes,Yes,Yes,Yes

docs/installation/platform-support.rst

@@ -19,13 +19,13 @@ These platforms are built and tested for every change.
 +==================================+============================+=====================+
 | Alpine                           | 3.12                       | x86-64              |
 +----------------------------------+----------------------------+---------------------+
-| Amazon Linux 2                   | 3.10                       | x86-64              |
+| Amazon Linux 2                   | 3.9                        | x86-64              |
 +----------------------------------+----------------------------+---------------------+
-| Amazon Linux 2023                | 3.11                       | x86-64              |
+| Amazon Linux 2023                | 3.9                        | x86-64              |
 +----------------------------------+----------------------------+---------------------+
 | Arch                             | 3.13                       | x86-64              |
 +----------------------------------+----------------------------+---------------------+
-| CentOS Stream 9                  | 3.10                       | x86-64              |
+| CentOS Stream 9                  | 3.9                        | x86-64              |
 +----------------------------------+----------------------------+---------------------+
 | CentOS Stream 10                 | 3.12                       | x86-64              |
 +----------------------------------+----------------------------+---------------------+
@@ -37,25 +37,27 @@ These platforms are built and tested for every change.
 +----------------------------------+----------------------------+---------------------+
 | Gentoo                           | 3.12                       | x86-64              |
 +----------------------------------+----------------------------+---------------------+
-| macOS 13 Ventura                 | 3.10                       | x86-64              |
+| macOS 13 Ventura                 | 3.9                        | x86-64              |
 +----------------------------------+----------------------------+---------------------+
-| macOS 14 Sonoma                  | 3.11, 3.12, 3.13, 3.14     | arm64               |
-|                                  | PyPy3                      |                     |
+| macOS 14 Sonoma                  | 3.10, 3.11, 3.12, 3.13,    | arm64               |
+|                                  | 3.14, PyPy3                |                     |
 +----------------------------------+----------------------------+---------------------+
 | Ubuntu Linux 22.04 LTS (Jammy)   | 3.10                       | x86-64              |
 +----------------------------------+----------------------------+---------------------+
-| Ubuntu Linux 24.04 LTS (Noble)   | 3.10, 3.11, 3.12, 3.13,    | x86-64              |
-|                                  | 3.14, PyPy3                |                     |
+| Ubuntu Linux 24.04 LTS (Noble)   | 3.9, 3.10, 3.11,           | x86-64              |
+|                                  | 3.12, 3.13, 3.14, PyPy3    |                     |
 |                                  +----------------------------+---------------------+
 |                                  | 3.12                       | arm64v8, ppc64le,   |
 |                                  |                            | s390x               |
 +----------------------------------+----------------------------+---------------------+
-| Windows Server 2022              | 3.10                       | x86                 |
+| Windows Server 2022              | 3.9                        | x86                 |
 |                                  +----------------------------+---------------------+
-|                                  | 3.11, 3.12, 3.13, 3.14,    | x86-64              |
-|                                  | PyPy3                      |                     |
+|                                  | 3.10, 3.11, 3.12, 3.13,    | x86-64              |
+|                                  | 3.14, PyPy3                |                     |
 |                                  +----------------------------+---------------------+
 |                                  | 3.12 (MinGW)               | x86-64              |
+|                                  +----------------------------+---------------------+
+|                                  | 3.9 (Cygwin)               | x86-64              |
 +----------------------------------+----------------------------+---------------------+
 
 
@@ -73,7 +75,7 @@ These platforms have been reported to work at the versions mentioned.
 | Operating system                 | | Tested Python            | | Latest tested  | | Tested     |
 |                                  | | versions                 | | Pillow version | | processors |
 +==================================+============================+==================+==============+
-| macOS 15 Sequoia                 | 3.9, 3.10, 3.11, 3.12, 3.13| 11.3.0           |arm           |
+| macOS 15 Sequoia                 | 3.9, 3.10, 3.11, 3.12, 3.13| 11.2.1           |arm           |
 |                                  +----------------------------+------------------+              |
 |                                  | 3.8                        | 10.4.0           |              |
 +----------------------------------+----------------------------+------------------+--------------+

docs/reference/ImageCms.rst

@@ -56,6 +56,7 @@ Functions
 .. autofunction:: get_display_profile
 .. autofunction:: isIntentSupported
 .. autofunction:: profileToProfile
+.. autofunction:: versions
 
 CmsProfile
 ----------

docs/reference/ImageDraw.rst

@@ -45,7 +45,9 @@ Colors
 ^^^^^^
 
 To specify colors, you can use numbers or tuples just as you would use with
-:py:meth:`PIL.Image.new`. See :ref:`colors` for more information.
+:py:meth:`PIL.Image.new` or :py:meth:`PIL.Image.Image.putpixel`. For “1”,
+“L”, and “I” images, use integers. For “RGB” images, use a 3-tuple containing
+integer values. For “F” images, use integer or floating point values.
 
 For palette images (mode “P”), use integers as color indexes. In 1.1.4 and
 later, you can also use RGB 3-tuples or color names (see below). The drawing

docs/reference/PixelAccess.rst

@@ -59,7 +59,7 @@ Access using negative indexes is also possible. ::
 
         Modifies the pixel at x,y. The color is given as a single
         numerical value for single band images, and a tuple for
-        multi-band images. See :ref:`colors` for more information.
+        multi-band images.
 
         :param xy: The pixel coordinate, given as (x, y).
         :param color: The pixel value according to its mode,

docs/reference/arrow_support.rst

@@ -21,7 +21,9 @@ with any Arrow provider or consumer in the Python ecosystem.
 Data formats
 ============
 
-Pillow currently supports exporting Arrow images in all modes.
+Pillow currently supports exporting Arrow images in all modes
+**except** for ``BGR;15``, ``BGR;16`` and ``BGR;24``. This is due to
+line-length packing in these modes making for non-continuous memory.
 
 For single-band images, the exported array is width*height elements,
 with each pixel corresponding to the appropriate Arrow type.

docs/reference/features.rst

@@ -60,6 +60,9 @@ Support for the following features can be checked:
 * ``raqm``: Raqm library, required for ``ImageFont.Layout.RAQM`` in :py:func:`PIL.ImageFont.truetype`. Run-time version number is available for Raqm 0.7.0 or newer.
 * ``libimagequant``: (compile time) ImageQuant quantization support in :py:func:`PIL.Image.Image.quantize`. Run-time version number is available.
 * ``xcb``: (compile time) Support for X11 in :py:func:`PIL.ImageGrab.grab` via the XCB library.
+* ``transp_webp``: Deprecated. Always ``True`` if WebP module is installed.
+* ``webp_mux``: Deprecated. Always ``True`` if WebP module is installed.
+* ``webp_anim``: Deprecated. Always ``True`` if WebP module is installed.
 
 .. autofunction:: PIL.features.check_feature
 .. autofunction:: PIL.features.version_feature

docs/reference/internal_modules.rst

@@ -53,6 +53,11 @@ on some Python versions.
 
     An object that supports the read method.
 
+.. py:data:: TypeGuard
+    :value: typing.TypeGuard
+
+    See :py:obj:`typing.TypeGuard`.
+
 :mod:`~PIL._util` module
 ------------------------
 

docs/releasenotes/11.3.0.rst

@@ -69,14 +69,12 @@ AVIF support in wheels
 
 Support for reading and writing AVIF images is now included in Pillow's wheels, except
 for Windows ARM64 and iOS. libaom is available as an encoder and dav1d as a decoder.
-(Thank you Frankie Dintino and Andrew Murray!)
 
 iOS
 ^^^
 
 Pillow now provides wheels that can be used on iOS ARM64 devices, and on the iOS
 simulator on ARM64 and x86_64. Currently, only Python 3.13 wheels are available.
-(Thank you Russell Keith-Magee and Andrew Murray!)
 
 Python 3.14 beta
 ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^

docs/releasenotes/12.0.0.rst

@@ -1,152 +0,0 @@
-12.0.0
-------
-
-Security
-========
-
-TODO
-^^^^
-
-TODO
-
-:cve:`YYYY-XXXXX`: TODO
-^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
-
-TODO
-
-Backwards incompatible changes
-==============================
-
-Python 3.9
-^^^^^^^^^^
-
-Pillow has dropped support for Python 3.9,
-which reached end-of-life in October 2025.
-
-ImageFile.raise_oserror
-^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
-
-``ImageFile.raise_oserror()`` has been removed. The function was undocumented and was
-only useful for translating error codes returned by a codec's ``decode()`` method,
-which ImageFile already did automatically.
-
-IptcImageFile helper functions
-^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
-
-The functions ``IptcImageFile.dump`` and ``IptcImageFile.i``, and the constant
-``IptcImageFile.PAD`` have been removed. These were undocumented helper functions
-intended for internal use, so there is no replacement. They can each be replaced by a
-single line of code using builtin functions in Python.
-
-ImageCms constants and versions() function
-^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
-
-A number of constants and a function in :py:mod:`.ImageCms` have been removed. This
-includes a table of flags based on LittleCMS version 1 which has been replaced with a
-new class :py:class:`.ImageCms.Flags` based on LittleCMS 2 flags.
-
-============================================  ====================================================
-Deprecated                                    Use instead
-============================================  ====================================================
-``ImageCms.DESCRIPTION``                      No replacement
-``ImageCms.VERSION``                          ``PIL.__version__``
-``ImageCms.FLAGS["MATRIXINPUT"]``             :py:attr:`.ImageCms.Flags.CLUT_POST_LINEARIZATION`
-``ImageCms.FLAGS["MATRIXOUTPUT"]``            :py:attr:`.ImageCms.Flags.FORCE_CLUT`
-``ImageCms.FLAGS["MATRIXONLY"]``              No replacement
-``ImageCms.FLAGS["NOWHITEONWHITEFIXUP"]``     :py:attr:`.ImageCms.Flags.NOWHITEONWHITEFIXUP`
-``ImageCms.FLAGS["NOPRELINEARIZATION"]``      :py:attr:`.ImageCms.Flags.CLUT_PRE_LINEARIZATION`
-``ImageCms.FLAGS["GUESSDEVICECLASS"]``        :py:attr:`.ImageCms.Flags.GUESSDEVICECLASS`
-``ImageCms.FLAGS["NOTCACHE"]``                :py:attr:`.ImageCms.Flags.NOCACHE`
-``ImageCms.FLAGS["NOTPRECALC"]``              :py:attr:`.ImageCms.Flags.NOOPTIMIZE`
-``ImageCms.FLAGS["NULLTRANSFORM"]``           :py:attr:`.ImageCms.Flags.NULLTRANSFORM`
-``ImageCms.FLAGS["HIGHRESPRECALC"]``          :py:attr:`.ImageCms.Flags.HIGHRESPRECALC`
-``ImageCms.FLAGS["LOWRESPRECALC"]``           :py:attr:`.ImageCms.Flags.LOWRESPRECALC`
-``ImageCms.FLAGS["GAMUTCHECK"]``              :py:attr:`.ImageCms.Flags.GAMUTCHECK`
-``ImageCms.FLAGS["WHITEBLACKCOMPENSATION"]``  :py:attr:`.ImageCms.Flags.BLACKPOINTCOMPENSATION`
-``ImageCms.FLAGS["BLACKPOINTCOMPENSATION"]``  :py:attr:`.ImageCms.Flags.BLACKPOINTCOMPENSATION`
-``ImageCms.FLAGS["SOFTPROOFING"]``            :py:attr:`.ImageCms.Flags.SOFTPROOFING`
-``ImageCms.FLAGS["PRESERVEBLACK"]``           :py:attr:`.ImageCms.Flags.NONEGATIVES`
-``ImageCms.FLAGS["NODEFAULTRESOURCEDEF"]``    :py:attr:`.ImageCms.Flags.NODEFAULTRESOURCEDEF`
-``ImageCms.FLAGS["GRIDPOINTS"]``              :py:attr:`.ImageCms.Flags.GRIDPOINTS()`
-``ImageCms.versions()``                       :py:func:`PIL.features.version_module` with
-                                              ``feature="littlecms2"``, :py:data:`sys.version` or
-                                              :py:data:`sys.version_info`, and ``PIL.__version__``
-============================================  ====================================================
-
-ImageMath eval()
-^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
-
-``ImageMath.eval()`` has been removed. Use :py:meth:`~PIL.ImageMath.lambda_eval` or
-:py:meth:`~PIL.ImageMath.unsafe_eval` instead.
-
-BGR;15, BGR 16 and BGR;24
-^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
-
-The experimental BGR;15, BGR;16 and BGR;24 modes have been removed.
-
-Non-image modes in ImageCms
-^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
-
-The use in :py:mod:`.ImageCms` of input modes and output modes that are not Pillow
-image modes has been removed. Defaulting to "L" or "1" if the mode cannot be mapped has
-also been removed.
-
-Support for LibTIFF earlier than 4
-^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
-
-Support for LibTIFF earlier than version 4 has been removed.
-Upgrade to a newer version of LibTIFF instead.
-
-ImageDraw.getdraw hints parameter
-^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
-
-The ``hints`` parameter in :py:meth:`~PIL.ImageDraw.getdraw()` has been removed.
-
-FreeType 2.9.0
-^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
-
-Support for FreeType 2.9.0 has been removed. FreeType 2.9.1 is the minimum version
-supported.
-
-We recommend upgrading to at least FreeType `2.10.4`_, which fixed a severe
-vulnerability introduced in FreeType 2.6 (:cve:`2020-15999`).
-
-.. _2.10.4: https://sourceforge.net/projects/freetype/files/freetype2/2.10.4/
-
-Deprecations
-============
-
-ImageCms.ImageCmsProfile.product_name and .product_info
-^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
-
-``ImageCms.ImageCmsProfile.product_name`` and the corresponding
-``.product_info`` attributes have been deprecated, and will be removed in
-Pillow 13 (2026-10-15). They have been set to ``None`` since Pillow 2.3.0.
-
-API changes
-===========
-
-TODO
-^^^^
-
-TODO
-
-API additions
-=============
-
-TODO
-^^^^
-
-TODO
-
-Other changes
-=============
-
-Python 3.14
-^^^^^^^^^^^
-
-Pillow 11.3.0 had wheels built against Python 3.14 beta, available as a preview to help
-others prepare for 3.14, and to ensure Pillow could be used immediately at the release
-of 3.14.0 final (2025-10-07, :pep:`745`).
-
-Pillow 12.0.0 now officially supports Python 3.14.

docs/releasenotes/index.rst

@@ -14,7 +14,6 @@ expected to be backported to earlier versions.
 .. toctree::
   :maxdepth: 2
 
-  12.0.0
   11.3.0
   11.2.1
   11.1.0

docs/releasenotes/template.rst

@@ -20,8 +20,6 @@ Backwards incompatible changes
 TODO
 ^^^^
 
-TODO
-
 Deprecations
 ============
 

patches/iOS/libwebp-1.5.0.tar.gz.patch

@@ -0,0 +1,42 @@
+# libwebp example binaries require dependencies that aren't available for iOS builds.
+# There's also no easy way to invoke the build to *exclude* the example builds.
+# Since we don't need the examples anyway, remove them from the Makefile.
+#
+# As a point of reference, libwebp provides an XCFramework build script that involves
+# 7 separate invocations of make to avoid building the examples. Patching the Makefile
+# to remove the examples is a simpler approach, and one that is more compatible with
+# the existing multibuild infrastructure.
+# 
+# In the next release, it should be possible to pass --disable-libwebpexamples 
+# instead of applying this patch.
+#
+diff -ur libwebp-1.5.0-orig/Makefile.am libwebp-1.5.0/Makefile.am
+--- libwebp-1.5.0-orig/Makefile.am	2024-12-20 09:17:50
++++ libwebp-1.5.0/Makefile.am	2025-01-09 11:24:17
+@@ -5,5 +5,3 @@
+ if BUILD_EXTRAS
+   SUBDIRS += extras
+ endif
+-
+-SUBDIRS += examples
+diff -ur libwebp-1.5.0-orig/Makefile.in libwebp-1.5.0/Makefile.in
+--- libwebp-1.5.0-orig/Makefile.in	2024-12-20 09:52:53
++++ libwebp-1.5.0/Makefile.in	2025-01-09 11:24:17
+@@ -156,7 +156,7 @@
+   unique=`for i in $$list; do \
+     if test -f "$$i"; then echo $$i; else echo $(srcdir)/$$i; fi; \
+   done | $(am__uniquify_input)`
+-DIST_SUBDIRS = sharpyuv src imageio man extras examples
++DIST_SUBDIRS = sharpyuv src imageio man extras
+ am__DIST_COMMON = $(srcdir)/Makefile.in \
+ 	$(top_srcdir)/src/webp/config.h.in AUTHORS COPYING ChangeLog \
+ 	NEWS README.md ar-lib compile config.guess config.sub \
+@@ -351,7 +351,7 @@
+ top_srcdir = @top_srcdir@
+ webp_libname_prefix = @webp_libname_prefix@
+ ACLOCAL_AMFLAGS = -I m4
+-SUBDIRS = sharpyuv src imageio man $(am__append_1) examples
++SUBDIRS = sharpyuv src imageio man $(am__append_1)
+ EXTRA_DIST = COPYING autogen.sh
+ all: all-recursive
+ 

pyproject.toml

@@ -1,7 +1,6 @@
 [build-system]
 build-backend = "backend"
 requires = [
-  "pybind11",
   "setuptools>=77",
 ]
 backend-path = [
@@ -10,7 +9,7 @@ backend-path = [
 
 [project]
 name = "pillow"
-description = "Python Imaging Library (fork)"
+description = "Python Imaging Library (Fork)"
 readme = "README.md"
 keywords = [
   "Imaging",
@@ -20,15 +19,15 @@ license-files = [ "LICENSE" ]
 authors = [
   { name = "Jeffrey A. Clark", email = "aclark@aclark.net" },
 ]
-requires-python = ">=3.10"
+requires-python = ">=3.9"
 classifiers = [
   "Development Status :: 6 - Mature",
   "Programming Language :: Python :: 3 :: Only",
+  "Programming Language :: Python :: 3.9",
   "Programming Language :: Python :: 3.10",
   "Programming Language :: Python :: 3.11",
   "Programming Language :: Python :: 3.12",
   "Programming Language :: Python :: 3.13",
-  "Programming Language :: Python :: 3.14",
   "Programming Language :: Python :: Implementation :: CPython",
   "Programming Language :: Python :: Implementation :: PyPy",
   "Topic :: Multimedia :: Graphics",
@@ -67,7 +66,7 @@ optional-dependencies.tests = [
   "markdown2",
   "olefile",
   "packaging",
-  "pyroma>=5",
+  "pyroma",
   "pytest",
   "pytest-cov",
   "pytest-timeout",
@@ -75,6 +74,9 @@ optional-dependencies.tests = [
   "trove-classifiers>=2024.10.12",
 ]
 
+optional-dependencies.typing = [
+  "typing-extensions; python_version<'3.10'",
+]
 optional-dependencies.xmp = [
   "defusedxml",
 ]
@@ -185,8 +187,8 @@ lint.ignore = [
   "PT011",  # pytest-raises-too-broad
   "PT012",  # pytest-raises-with-multiple-statements
   "PT017",  # pytest-assert-in-except
+  "PYI026", # flake8-pyi: typing.TypeAlias added in Python 3.10
   "PYI034", # flake8-pyi: typing.Self added in Python 3.11
-  "UP038",  # pyupgrade: deprecated rule
 ]
 lint.per-file-ignores."Tests/oss-fuzz/fuzz_font.py" = [
   "I002",
@@ -203,7 +205,7 @@ lint.isort.required-imports = [
 ]
 
 [tool.pyproject-fmt]
-max_supported_python = "3.14"
+max_supported_python = "3.13"
 
 [tool.pytest.ini_options]
 addopts = "-ra --color=auto"
@@ -212,7 +214,7 @@ testpaths = [
 ]
 
 [tool.mypy]
-python_version = "3.10"
+python_version = "3.9"
 pretty = true
 disallow_any_generics = true
 enable_error_code = "ignore-without-code"

setup.py

@@ -17,20 +17,9 @@ import sys
 import warnings
 from collections.abc import Iterator
 
-from pybind11.setup_helpers import ParallelCompile
 from setuptools import Extension, setup
 from setuptools.command.build_ext import build_ext
 
-configuration: dict[str, list[str]] = {}
-
-# parse configuration from _custom_build/backend.py
-while sys.argv[-1].startswith("--pillow-configuration="):
-    _, key, value = sys.argv.pop().split("=", 2)
-    configuration.setdefault(key, []).append(value)
-
-default = int(configuration.get("parallel", ["0"])[-1])
-ParallelCompile("MAX_CONCURRENCY", default).install()
-
 
 def get_version() -> str:
     version_file = "src/PIL/_version.py"
@@ -38,6 +27,9 @@ def get_version() -> str:
         return f.read().split('"')[1]
 
 
+configuration: dict[str, list[str]] = {}
+
+
 PILLOW_VERSION = get_version()
 AVIF_ROOT = None
 FREETYPE_ROOT = None
@@ -394,7 +386,9 @@ class pil_build_ext(build_ext):
             cpu_count = os.cpu_count()
             if cpu_count is not None:
                 try:
-                    self.parallel = int(os.environ.get("MAX_CONCURRENCY", cpu_count))
+                    self.parallel = int(
+                        os.environ.get("MAX_CONCURRENCY", min(4, cpu_count))
+                    )
                 except TypeError:
                     pass
         for x in self.feature:
@@ -1089,6 +1083,11 @@ ext_modules = [
 ]
 
 
+# parse configuration from _custom_build/backend.py
+while sys.argv[-1].startswith("--pillow-configuration="):
+    _, key, value = sys.argv.pop().split("=", 2)
+    configuration.setdefault(key, []).append(value)
+
 try:
     setup(
         cmdclass={"build_ext": pil_build_ext},

src/PIL/GifImagePlugin.py

@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@ import os
 import subprocess
 from enum import IntEnum
 from functools import cached_property
-from typing import Any, NamedTuple, cast
+from typing import IO, Any, Literal, NamedTuple, Union, cast
 
 from . import (
     Image,
@@ -49,8 +49,6 @@ from ._util import DeferredError
 
 TYPE_CHECKING = False
 if TYPE_CHECKING:
-    from typing import IO, Literal
-
     from . import _imaging
     from ._typing import Buffer
 
@@ -537,7 +535,7 @@ def _normalize_mode(im: Image.Image) -> Image.Image:
     return im.convert("L")
 
 
-_Palette = bytes | bytearray | list[int] | ImagePalette.ImagePalette
+_Palette = Union[bytes, bytearray, list[int], ImagePalette.ImagePalette]
 
 
 def _normalize_palette(

src/PIL/GimpGradientFile.py

@@ -21,14 +21,10 @@ See the GIMP distribution for more information.)
 from __future__ import annotations
 
 from math import log, pi, sin, sqrt
+from typing import IO, Callable
 
 from ._binary import o8
 
-TYPE_CHECKING = False
-if TYPE_CHECKING:
-    from collections.abc import Callable
-    from typing import IO
-
 EPSILON = 1e-10
 """"""  # Enable auto-doc for data member
 

src/PIL/GimpPaletteFile.py

@@ -17,10 +17,7 @@ from __future__ import annotations
 
 import re
 from io import BytesIO
-
-TYPE_CHECKING = False
-if TYPE_CHECKING:
-    from typing import IO
+from typing import IO
 
 
 class GimpPaletteFile:

src/PIL/IcnsImagePlugin.py

@@ -25,6 +25,7 @@ import sys
 from typing import IO
 
 from . import Image, ImageFile, PngImagePlugin, features
+from ._deprecate import deprecate
 
 enable_jpeg2k = features.check_codec("jpg_2000")
 if enable_jpeg2k:
@@ -274,25 +275,34 @@ class IcnsImageFile(ImageFile.ImageFile):
             self.best_size[1] * self.best_size[2],
         )
 
-    @property
-    def size(self) -> tuple[int, int]:
+    @property  # type: ignore[override]
+    def size(self) -> tuple[int, int] | tuple[int, int, int]:
         return self._size
 
     @size.setter
-    def size(self, value: tuple[int, int]) -> None:
-        # Check that a matching size exists,
-        # or that there is a scale that would create a size that matches
-        for size in self.info["sizes"]:
-            simple_size = size[0] * size[2], size[1] * size[2]
-            scale = simple_size[0] // value[0]
-            if simple_size[1] / value[1] == scale:
-                self._size = value
+    def size(self, value: tuple[int, int] | tuple[int, int, int]) -> None:
+        if len(value) == 3:
+            deprecate("Setting size to (width, height, scale)", 12, "load(scale)")
+            if value in self.info["sizes"]:
+                self._size = value  # type: ignore[assignment]
                 return
+        else:
+            # Check that a matching size exists,
+            # or that there is a scale that would create a size that matches
+            for size in self.info["sizes"]:
+                simple_size = size[0] * size[2], size[1] * size[2]
+                scale = simple_size[0] // value[0]
+                if simple_size[1] / value[1] == scale:
+                    self._size = value
+                    return
         msg = "This is not one of the allowed sizes of this image"
         raise ValueError(msg)
 
     def load(self, scale: int | None = None) -> Image.core.PixelAccess | None:
-        if scale is not None:
+        if scale is not None or len(self.size) == 3:
+            if scale is None and len(self.size) == 3:
+                scale = self.size[2]
+            assert scale is not None
             width, height = self.size[:2]
             self.size = width * scale, height * scale
             self.best_size = width, height, scale

src/PIL/Image.py

@@ -38,9 +38,10 @@ import struct
 import sys
 import tempfile
 import warnings
-from collections.abc import MutableMapping
+from collections.abc import Callable, Iterator, MutableMapping, Sequence
 from enum import IntEnum
-from typing import IO, Protocol, cast
+from types import ModuleType
+from typing import IO, Any, Literal, Protocol, cast
 
 # VERSION was removed in Pillow 6.0.0.
 # PILLOW_VERSION was removed in Pillow 9.0.0.
@@ -63,12 +64,6 @@ try:
 except ImportError:
     ElementTree = None
 
-TYPE_CHECKING = False
-if TYPE_CHECKING:
-    from collections.abc import Callable, Iterator, Sequence
-    from types import ModuleType
-    from typing import Any, Literal
-
 logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
 
 
@@ -120,6 +115,21 @@ except ImportError as v:
     raise
 
 
+def isImageType(t: Any) -> TypeGuard[Image]:
+    """
+    Checks if an object is an image object.
+
+    .. warning::
+
+       This function is for internal use only.
+
+    :param t: object to check if it's an image
+    :returns: True if the object is an image
+    """
+    deprecate("Image.isImageType(im)", 12, "isinstance(im, Image.Image)")
+    return hasattr(t, "im")
+
+
 #
 # Constants
 
@@ -209,7 +219,7 @@ if TYPE_CHECKING:
     from IPython.lib.pretty import PrettyPrinter
 
     from . import ImageFile, ImageFilter, ImagePalette, ImageQt, TiffImagePlugin
-    from ._typing import CapsuleType, NumpyArray, StrOrBytesPath
+    from ._typing import CapsuleType, NumpyArray, StrOrBytesPath, TypeGuard
 ID: list[str] = []
 OPEN: dict[
     str,
@@ -970,6 +980,9 @@ class Image:
         :returns: An :py:class:`~PIL.Image.Image` object.
         """
 
+        if mode in ("BGR;15", "BGR;16", "BGR;24"):
+            deprecate(mode, 12)
+
         self.load()
 
         has_transparency = "transparency" in self.info
@@ -1735,10 +1748,9 @@ class Image:
         details).
 
         Instead of an image, the source can be a integer or tuple
-        containing pixel values. The method then fills the region
-        with the given color. When creating RGB images, you can
-        also use color strings as supported by the ImageColor module. See
-        :ref:`colors` for more information.
+        containing pixel values.  The method then fills the region
+        with the given color.  When creating RGB images, you can
+        also use color strings as supported by the ImageColor module.
 
         If a mask is given, this method updates only the regions
         indicated by the mask. You can use either "1", "L", "LA", "RGBA"
@@ -1994,8 +2006,7 @@ class Image:
         sequence ends. The scale and offset values are used to adjust the
         sequence values: **pixel = value*scale + offset**.
 
-        :param data: A flattened sequence object. See :ref:`colors` for more
-            information about values.
+        :param data: A flattened sequence object.
         :param scale: An optional scale value.  The default is 1.0.
         :param offset: An optional offset value.  The default is 0.0.
         """
@@ -2054,7 +2065,7 @@ class Image:
         Modifies the pixel at the given position. The color is given as
         a single numerical value for single-band images, and a tuple for
         multi-band images. In addition to this, RGB and RGBA tuples are
-        accepted for P and PA images. See :ref:`colors` for more information.
+        accepted for P and PA images.
 
         Note that this method is relatively slow.  For more extensive changes,
         use :py:meth:`~PIL.Image.Image.paste` or the :py:mod:`~PIL.ImageDraw`
@@ -2218,6 +2229,8 @@ class Image:
            :py:data:`Resampling.BILINEAR`, :py:data:`Resampling.HAMMING`,
            :py:data:`Resampling.BICUBIC` or :py:data:`Resampling.LANCZOS`.
            If the image has mode "1" or "P", it is always set to
+           :py:data:`Resampling.NEAREST`. If the image mode is "BGR;15",
+           "BGR;16" or "BGR;24", then the default filter is
            :py:data:`Resampling.NEAREST`. Otherwise, the default filter is
            :py:data:`Resampling.BICUBIC`. See: :ref:`concept-filters`.
         :param box: An optional 4-tuple of floats providing
@@ -2240,7 +2253,8 @@ class Image:
         """
 
         if resample is None:
-            resample = Resampling.BICUBIC
+            bgr = self.mode.startswith("BGR;")
+            resample = Resampling.NEAREST if bgr else Resampling.BICUBIC
         elif resample not in (
             Resampling.NEAREST,
             Resampling.BILINEAR,
@@ -3062,15 +3076,18 @@ def new(
     :param mode: The mode to use for the new image. See:
        :ref:`concept-modes`.
     :param size: A 2-tuple, containing (width, height) in pixels.
-    :param color: What color to use for the image. Default is black. If given,
-       this should be a single integer or floating point value for single-band
-       modes, and a tuple for multi-band modes (one value per band). When
-       creating RGB or HSV images, you can also use color strings as supported
-       by the ImageColor module. See :ref:`colors` for more information. If the
-       color is None, the image is not initialised.
+    :param color: What color to use for the image.  Default is black.
+       If given, this should be a single integer or floating point value
+       for single-band modes, and a tuple for multi-band modes (one value
+       per band).  When creating RGB or HSV images, you can also use color
+       strings as supported by the ImageColor module.  If the color is
+       None, the image is not initialised.
     :returns: An :py:class:`~PIL.Image.Image` object.
     """
 
+    if mode in ("BGR;15", "BGR;16", "BGR;24"):
+        deprecate(mode, 12)
+
     _check_size(size)
 
     if color is None:

src/PIL/ImageCms.py

@@ -25,7 +25,7 @@ from enum import IntEnum, IntFlag
 from functools import reduce
 from typing import Any, Literal, SupportsFloat, SupportsInt, Union
 
-from . import Image
+from . import Image, __version__
 from ._deprecate import deprecate
 from ._typing import SupportsRead
 
@@ -108,6 +108,20 @@ pyCMS
 _VERSION = "1.0.0 pil"
 
 
+def __getattr__(name: str) -> Any:
+    if name == "DESCRIPTION":
+        deprecate("PIL.ImageCms.DESCRIPTION", 12)
+        return _DESCRIPTION
+    elif name == "VERSION":
+        deprecate("PIL.ImageCms.VERSION", 12)
+        return _VERSION
+    elif name == "FLAGS":
+        deprecate("PIL.ImageCms.FLAGS", 12, "PIL.ImageCms.Flags")
+        return _FLAGS
+    msg = f"module '{__name__}' has no attribute '{name}'"
+    raise AttributeError(msg)
+
+
 # --------------------------------------------------------------------.
 
 
@@ -234,7 +248,9 @@ class ImageCmsProfile:
             low-level profile object
 
         """
-        self.filename: str | None = None
+        self.filename = None
+        self.product_name = None  # profile.product_name
+        self.product_info = None  # profile.product_info
 
         if isinstance(profile, str):
             if sys.platform == "win32":
@@ -255,13 +271,6 @@ class ImageCmsProfile:
             msg = "Invalid type for Profile"  # type: ignore[unreachable]
             raise TypeError(msg)
 
-    def __getattr__(self, name: str) -> Any:
-        if name in ("product_name", "product_info"):
-            deprecate(f"ImageCms.ImageCmsProfile.{name}", 13)
-            return None
-        msg = f"'{self.__class__.__name__}' object has no attribute '{name}'"
-        raise AttributeError(msg)
-
     def tobytes(self) -> bytes:
         """
         Returns the profile in a format suitable for embedding in
@@ -292,6 +301,31 @@ class ImageCmsTransform(Image.ImagePointHandler):
         proof_intent: Intent = Intent.ABSOLUTE_COLORIMETRIC,
         flags: Flags = Flags.NONE,
     ):
+        supported_modes = (
+            "RGB",
+            "RGBA",
+            "RGBX",
+            "CMYK",
+            "I;16",
+            "I;16L",
+            "I;16B",
+            "YCbCr",
+            "LAB",
+            "L",
+            "1",
+        )
+        for mode in (input_mode, output_mode):
+            if mode not in supported_modes:
+                deprecate(
+                    mode,
+                    12,
+                    {
+                        "L;16": "I;16 or I;16L",
+                        "L:16B": "I;16B",
+                        "YCCA": "YCbCr",
+                        "YCC": "YCbCr",
+                    }.get(mode),
+                )
         if proof is None:
             self.transform = core.buildTransform(
                 input.profile, output.profile, input_mode, output_mode, intent, flags
@@ -1074,3 +1108,16 @@ def isIntentSupported(
             return -1
     except (AttributeError, OSError, TypeError, ValueError) as v:
         raise PyCMSError(v) from v
+
+
+def versions() -> tuple[str, str | None, str, str]:
+    """
+    (pyCMS) Fetches versions.
+    """
+
+    deprecate(
+        "PIL.ImageCms.versions()",
+        12,
+        '(PIL.features.version("littlecms2"), sys.version, PIL.__version__)',
+    )
+    return _VERSION, core.littlecms_version, sys.version.split()[0], __version__

src/PIL/ImageDraw.py

@@ -34,23 +34,21 @@ from __future__ import annotations
 import math
 import struct
 from collections.abc import Sequence
-from typing import cast
+from types import ModuleType
+from typing import Any, AnyStr, Callable, Union, cast
 
 from . import Image, ImageColor
-
-TYPE_CHECKING = False
-if TYPE_CHECKING:
-    from collections.abc import Callable
-    from types import ModuleType
-    from typing import Any, AnyStr
-
-    from . import ImageDraw2, ImageFont
-    from ._typing import Coords
+from ._deprecate import deprecate
+from ._typing import Coords
 
 # experimental access to the outline API
 Outline: Callable[[], Image.core._Outline] = Image.core.outline
 
-_Ink = float | tuple[int, ...] | str
+TYPE_CHECKING = False
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    from . import ImageDraw2, ImageFont
+
+_Ink = Union[float, tuple[int, ...], str]
 
 """
 A simple 2D drawing interface for PIL images.
@@ -1011,11 +1009,16 @@ def Draw(im: Image.Image, mode: str | None = None) -> ImageDraw:
         return ImageDraw(im, mode)
 
 
-def getdraw(im: Image.Image | None = None) -> tuple[ImageDraw2.Draw | None, ModuleType]:
+def getdraw(
+    im: Image.Image | None = None, hints: list[str] | None = None
+) -> tuple[ImageDraw2.Draw | None, ModuleType]:
     """
     :param im: The image to draw in.
+    :param hints: An optional list of hints. Deprecated.
     :returns: A (drawing context, drawing resource factory) tuple.
     """
+    if hints is not None:
+        deprecate("'hints' parameter", 12)
     from . import ImageDraw2
 
     draw = ImageDraw2.Draw(im) if im is not None else None

src/PIL/ImageFile.py

@@ -37,6 +37,7 @@ import struct
 from typing import IO, Any, NamedTuple, cast
 
 from . import ExifTags, Image
+from ._deprecate import deprecate
 from ._util import DeferredError, is_path
 
 TYPE_CHECKING = False
@@ -82,6 +83,16 @@ def _get_oserror(error: int, *, encoder: bool) -> OSError:
     return OSError(msg)
 
 
+def raise_oserror(error: int) -> OSError:
+    deprecate(
+        "raise_oserror",
+        12,
+        action="It is only useful for translating error codes returned by a codec's "
+        "decode() method, which ImageFile already does automatically.",
+    )
+    raise _get_oserror(error, encoder=False)
+
+
 def _tilesort(t: _Tile) -> int:
     # sort on offset
     return t[2]

src/PIL/ImageFilter.py

@@ -19,14 +19,11 @@ from __future__ import annotations
 import abc
 import functools
 from collections.abc import Sequence
-from typing import cast
+from types import ModuleType
+from typing import Any, Callable, cast
 
 TYPE_CHECKING = False
 if TYPE_CHECKING:
-    from collections.abc import Callable
-    from types import ModuleType
-    from typing import Any
-
     from . import _imaging
     from ._typing import NumpyArray
 

src/PIL/ImageFont.py

@@ -36,7 +36,7 @@ from io import BytesIO
 from types import ModuleType
 from typing import IO, Any, BinaryIO, TypedDict, cast
 
-from . import Image
+from . import Image, features
 from ._typing import StrOrBytesPath
 from ._util import DeferredError, is_path
 
@@ -236,6 +236,21 @@ class FreeTypeFont:
         self.index = index
         self.encoding = encoding
 
+        try:
+            from packaging.version import parse as parse_version
+        except ImportError:
+            pass
+        else:
+            if freetype_version := features.version_module("freetype2"):
+                if parse_version(freetype_version) < parse_version("2.9.1"):
+                    warnings.warn(
+                        "Support for FreeType 2.9.0 is deprecated and will be removed "
+                        "in Pillow 12 (2025-10-15). Please upgrade to FreeType 2.9.1 "
+                        "or newer, preferably FreeType 2.10.4 which fixes "
+                        "CVE-2020-15999.",
+                        DeprecationWarning,
+                    )
+
         if layout_engine not in (Layout.BASIC, Layout.RAQM):
             layout_engine = Layout.BASIC
             if core.HAVE_RAQM:

src/PIL/ImageMath.py

@@ -17,14 +17,11 @@
 from __future__ import annotations
 
 import builtins
+from types import CodeType
+from typing import Any, Callable
 
 from . import Image, _imagingmath
-
-TYPE_CHECKING = False
-if TYPE_CHECKING:
-    from collections.abc import Callable
-    from types import CodeType
-    from typing import Any
+from ._deprecate import deprecate
 
 
 class _Operand:
@@ -236,7 +233,11 @@ ops = {
 }
 
 
-def lambda_eval(expression: Callable[[dict[str, Any]], Any], **kw: Any) -> Any:
+def lambda_eval(
+    expression: Callable[[dict[str, Any]], Any],
+    options: dict[str, Any] = {},
+    **kw: Any,
+) -> Any:
     """
     Returns the result of an image function.
 
@@ -245,13 +246,23 @@ def lambda_eval(expression: Callable[[dict[str, Any]], Any], **kw: Any) -> Any:
     :py:func:`~PIL.Image.merge` function.
 
     :param expression: A function that receives a dictionary.
+    :param options: Values to add to the function's dictionary. Deprecated.
+                    You can instead use one or more keyword arguments.
     :param **kw: Values to add to the function's dictionary.
     :return: The expression result. This is usually an image object, but can
              also be an integer, a floating point value, or a pixel tuple,
              depending on the expression.
     """
 
+    if options:
+        deprecate(
+            "ImageMath.lambda_eval options",
+            12,
+            "ImageMath.lambda_eval keyword arguments",
+        )
+
     args: dict[str, Any] = ops.copy()
+    args.update(options)
     args.update(kw)
     for k, v in args.items():
         if isinstance(v, Image.Image):
@@ -264,7 +275,11 @@ def lambda_eval(expression: Callable[[dict[str, Any]], Any], **kw: Any) -> Any:
         return out
 
 
-def unsafe_eval(expression: str, **kw: Any) -> Any:
+def unsafe_eval(
+    expression: str,
+    options: dict[str, Any] = {},
+    **kw: Any,
+) -> Any:
     """
     Evaluates an image expression. This uses Python's ``eval()`` function to process
     the expression string, and carries the security risks of doing so. It is not
@@ -276,19 +291,29 @@ def unsafe_eval(expression: str, **kw: Any) -> Any:
     :py:func:`~PIL.Image.merge` function.
 
     :param expression: A string containing a Python-style expression.
+    :param options: Values to add to the evaluation context. Deprecated.
+                    You can instead use one or more keyword arguments.
     :param **kw: Values to add to the evaluation context.
     :return: The evaluated expression. This is usually an image object, but can
              also be an integer, a floating point value, or a pixel tuple,
              depending on the expression.
     """
 
+    if options:
+        deprecate(
+            "ImageMath.unsafe_eval options",
+            12,
+            "ImageMath.unsafe_eval keyword arguments",
+        )
+
     # build execution namespace
     args: dict[str, Any] = ops.copy()
-    for k in kw:
+    for k in [*options, *kw]:
         if "__" in k or hasattr(builtins, k):
             msg = f"'{k}' not allowed"
             raise ValueError(msg)
 
+    args.update(options)
     args.update(kw)
     for k, v in args.items():
         if isinstance(v, Image.Image):
@@ -312,3 +337,32 @@ def unsafe_eval(expression: str, **kw: Any) -> Any:
         return out.im
     except AttributeError:
         return out
+
+
+def eval(
+    expression: str,
+    _dict: dict[str, Any] = {},
+    **kw: Any,
+) -> Any:
+    """
+    Evaluates an image expression.
+
+    Deprecated. Use lambda_eval() or unsafe_eval() instead.
+
+    :param expression: A string containing a Python-style expression.
+    :param _dict: Values to add to the evaluation context.  You
+                  can either use a dictionary, or one or more keyword
+                  arguments.
+    :return: The evaluated expression. This is usually an image object, but can
+             also be an integer, a floating point value, or a pixel tuple,
+             depending on the expression.
+
+    ..  deprecated:: 10.3.0
+    """
+
+    deprecate(
+        "ImageMath.eval",
+        12,
+        "ImageMath.lambda_eval or ImageMath.unsafe_eval",
+    )
+    return unsafe_eval(expression, _dict, **kw)

src/PIL/ImageMode.py

@@ -18,6 +18,8 @@ import sys
 from functools import lru_cache
 from typing import NamedTuple
 
+from ._deprecate import deprecate
+
 
 class ModeDescriptor(NamedTuple):
     """Wrapper for mode strings."""
@@ -55,11 +57,16 @@ def getmode(mode: str) -> ModeDescriptor:
         "HSV": ("RGB", "L", ("H", "S", "V"), "|u1"),
         # extra experimental modes
         "RGBa": ("RGB", "L", ("R", "G", "B", "a"), "|u1"),
+        "BGR;15": ("RGB", "L", ("B", "G", "R"), "|u1"),
+        "BGR;16": ("RGB", "L", ("B", "G", "R"), "|u1"),
+        "BGR;24": ("RGB", "L", ("B", "G", "R"), "|u1"),
         "LA": ("L", "L", ("L", "A"), "|u1"),
         "La": ("L", "L", ("L", "a"), "|u1"),
         "PA": ("RGB", "L", ("P", "A"), "|u1"),
     }
     if mode in modes:
+        if mode in ("BGR;15", "BGR;16", "BGR;24"):
+            deprecate(mode, 12)
         base_mode, base_type, bands, type_str = modes[mode]
         return ModeDescriptor(mode, bands, base_mode, base_type, type_str)
 

src/PIL/ImageQt.py

@@ -19,18 +19,23 @@ from __future__ import annotations
 
 import sys
 from io import BytesIO
+from typing import Any, Callable, Union
 
 from . import Image
 from ._util import is_path
 
 TYPE_CHECKING = False
 if TYPE_CHECKING:
-    from collections.abc import Callable
-    from typing import Any
+    import PyQt6
+    import PySide6
 
     from . import ImageFile
 
     QBuffer: type
+    QByteArray = Union[PyQt6.QtCore.QByteArray, PySide6.QtCore.QByteArray]
+    QIODevice = Union[PyQt6.QtCore.QIODevice, PySide6.QtCore.QIODevice]
+    QImage = Union[PyQt6.QtGui.QImage, PySide6.QtGui.QImage]
+    QPixmap = Union[PyQt6.QtGui.QPixmap, PySide6.QtGui.QPixmap]
 
 qt_version: str | None
 qt_versions = [
@@ -44,15 +49,11 @@ for version, qt_module in qt_versions:
     try:
         qRgba: Callable[[int, int, int, int], int]
         if qt_module == "PyQt6":
-            from PyQt6.QtCore import QBuffer, QByteArray, QIODevice
+            from PyQt6.QtCore import QBuffer, QIODevice
             from PyQt6.QtGui import QImage, QPixmap, qRgba
         elif qt_module == "PySide6":
-            from PySide6.QtCore import (  # type: ignore[assignment]
-                QBuffer,
-                QByteArray,
-                QIODevice,
-            )
-            from PySide6.QtGui import QImage, QPixmap, qRgba  # type: ignore[assignment]
+            from PySide6.QtCore import QBuffer, QIODevice
+            from PySide6.QtGui import QImage, QPixmap, qRgba
     except (ImportError, RuntimeError):
         continue
     qt_is_installed = True
@@ -182,7 +183,7 @@ def _toqclass_helper(im: Image.Image | str | QByteArray) -> dict[str, Any]:
 
 if qt_is_installed:
 
-    class ImageQt(QImage):
+    class ImageQt(QImage):  # type: ignore[misc]
         def __init__(self, im: Image.Image | str | QByteArray) -> None:
             """
             An PIL image wrapper for Qt.  This is a subclass of PyQt's QImage

src/PIL/ImageSequence.py

@@ -16,11 +16,9 @@
 ##
 from __future__ import annotations
 
-from . import Image
+from typing import Callable
 
-TYPE_CHECKING = False
-if TYPE_CHECKING:
-    from collections.abc import Callable
+from . import Image
 
 
 class Iterator:

src/PIL/IptcImagePlugin.py

@@ -16,16 +16,26 @@
 #
 from __future__ import annotations
 
+from collections.abc import Sequence
 from io import BytesIO
 from typing import cast
 
 from . import Image, ImageFile
 from ._binary import i16be as i16
 from ._binary import i32be as i32
+from ._deprecate import deprecate
 
 COMPRESSION = {1: "raw", 5: "jpeg"}
 
 
+def __getattr__(name: str) -> bytes:
+    if name == "PAD":
+        deprecate("IptcImagePlugin.PAD", 12)
+        return b"\0\0\0\0"
+    msg = f"module '{__name__}' has no attribute '{name}'"
+    raise AttributeError(msg)
+
+
 #
 # Helpers
 
@@ -38,6 +48,20 @@ def _i8(c: int | bytes) -> int:
     return c if isinstance(c, int) else c[0]
 
 
+def i(c: bytes) -> int:
+    """.. deprecated:: 10.2.0"""
+    deprecate("IptcImagePlugin.i", 12)
+    return _i(c)
+
+
+def dump(c: Sequence[int | bytes]) -> None:
+    """.. deprecated:: 10.2.0"""
+    deprecate("IptcImagePlugin.dump", 12)
+    for i in c:
+        print(f"{_i8(i):02x}", end=" ")
+    print()
+
+
 ##
 # Image plugin for IPTC/NAA datastreams.  To read IPTC/NAA fields
 # from TIFF and JPEG files, use the <b>getiptcinfo</b> function.

src/PIL/Jpeg2KImagePlugin.py

@@ -18,15 +18,11 @@ from __future__ import annotations
 import io
 import os
 import struct
-from typing import cast
+from collections.abc import Callable
+from typing import IO, cast
 
 from . import Image, ImageFile, ImagePalette, _binary
 
-TYPE_CHECKING = False
-if TYPE_CHECKING:
-    from collections.abc import Callable
-    from typing import IO
-
 
 class BoxReader:
     """

src/PIL/JpegImagePlugin.py

@@ -42,18 +42,18 @@ import subprocess
 import sys
 import tempfile
 import warnings
+from typing import IO, Any
 
 from . import Image, ImageFile
 from ._binary import i16be as i16
 from ._binary import i32be as i32
 from ._binary import o8
 from ._binary import o16be as o16
+from ._deprecate import deprecate
 from .JpegPresets import presets
 
 TYPE_CHECKING = False
 if TYPE_CHECKING:
-    from typing import IO, Any
-
     from .MpoImagePlugin import MpoImageFile
 
 #
@@ -393,6 +393,12 @@ class JpegImageFile(ImageFile.ImageFile):
 
         self._read_dpi_from_exif()
 
+    def __getattr__(self, name: str) -> Any:
+        if name in ("huffman_ac", "huffman_dc"):
+            deprecate(name, 12)
+            return getattr(self, "_" + name)
+        raise AttributeError(name)
+
     def __getstate__(self) -> list[Any]:
         return super().__getstate__() + [self.layers, self.layer]
 
@@ -846,6 +852,16 @@ def _save(im: Image.Image, fp: IO[bytes], filename: str | bytes) -> None:
     )
 
 
+def _save_cjpeg(im: Image.Image, fp: IO[bytes], filename: str | bytes) -> None:
+    # ALTERNATIVE: handle JPEGs via the IJG command line utilities.
+    tempfile = im._dump()
+    subprocess.check_call(["cjpeg", "-outfile", filename, tempfile])
+    try:
+        os.unlink(tempfile)
+    except OSError:
+        pass
+
+
 ##
 # Factory for making JPEG and MPO instances
 def jpeg_factory(

src/PIL/PcfFontFile.py

@@ -18,6 +18,7 @@
 from __future__ import annotations
 
 import io
+from typing import BinaryIO, Callable
 
 from . import FontFile, Image
 from ._binary import i8
@@ -26,11 +27,6 @@ from ._binary import i16le as l16
 from ._binary import i32be as b32
 from ._binary import i32le as l32
 
-TYPE_CHECKING = False
-if TYPE_CHECKING:
-    from collections.abc import Callable
-    from typing import BinaryIO
-
 # --------------------------------------------------------------------
 # declarations
 

src/PIL/PdfParser.py

@@ -8,15 +8,7 @@ import os
 import re
 import time
 import zlib
-from typing import Any, NamedTuple
-
-TYPE_CHECKING = False
-if TYPE_CHECKING:
-    from typing import IO
-
-    _DictBase = collections.UserDict[str | bytes, Any]
-else:
-    _DictBase = collections.UserDict
+from typing import IO, Any, NamedTuple, Union
 
 
 # see 7.9.2.2 Text String Type on page 86 and D.3 PDFDocEncoding Character Set
@@ -259,6 +251,13 @@ class PdfArray(list[Any]):
         return b"[ " + b" ".join(pdf_repr(x) for x in self) + b" ]"
 
 
+TYPE_CHECKING = False
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    _DictBase = collections.UserDict[Union[str, bytes], Any]
+else:
+    _DictBase = collections.UserDict
+
+
 class PdfDict(_DictBase):
     def __setattr__(self, key: str, value: Any) -> None:
         if key == "data":

src/PIL/PngImagePlugin.py

@@ -38,8 +38,9 @@ import re
 import struct
 import warnings
 import zlib
+from collections.abc import Callable
 from enum import IntEnum
-from typing import IO, NamedTuple, cast
+from typing import IO, Any, NamedTuple, NoReturn, cast
 
 from . import Image, ImageChops, ImageFile, ImagePalette, ImageSequence
 from ._binary import i16be as i16
@@ -52,9 +53,6 @@ from ._util import DeferredError
 
 TYPE_CHECKING = False
 if TYPE_CHECKING:
-    from collections.abc import Callable
-    from typing import Any, NoReturn
-
     from . import _imaging
 
 logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)

src/PIL/TiffImagePlugin.py

@@ -47,24 +47,23 @@ import math
 import os
 import struct
 import warnings
-from collections.abc import Callable, MutableMapping
+from collections.abc import Iterator, MutableMapping
 from fractions import Fraction
 from numbers import Number, Rational
-from typing import IO, Any, cast
+from typing import IO, Any, Callable, NoReturn, cast
 
 from . import ExifTags, Image, ImageFile, ImageOps, ImagePalette, TiffTags
 from ._binary import i16be as i16
 from ._binary import i32be as i32
 from ._binary import o8
+from ._deprecate import deprecate
+from ._typing import StrOrBytesPath
 from ._util import DeferredError, is_path
 from .TiffTags import TYPES
 
 TYPE_CHECKING = False
 if TYPE_CHECKING:
-    from collections.abc import Iterator
-    from typing import NoReturn
-
-    from ._typing import Buffer, IntegralLike, StrOrBytesPath
+    from ._typing import Buffer, IntegralLike
 
 logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
 
@@ -285,6 +284,9 @@ PREFIXES = [
     b"II\x2b\x00",  # BigTIFF with little-endian byte order
 ]
 
+if not getattr(Image.core, "libtiff_support_custom_tags", True):
+    deprecate("Support for LibTIFF earlier than version 4", 12)
+
 
 def _accept(prefix: bytes) -> bool:
     return prefix.startswith(tuple(PREFIXES))
@@ -1932,6 +1934,9 @@ def _save(im: Image.Image, fp: IO[bytes], filename: str | bytes) -> None:
             # Custom items are supported for int, float, unicode, string and byte
             # values. Other types and tuples require a tagtype.
             if tag not in TiffTags.LIBTIFF_CORE:
+                if not getattr(Image.core, "libtiff_support_custom_tags", False):
+                    continue
+
                 if tag in TiffTags.TAGS_V2_GROUPS:
                     types[tag] = TiffTags.LONG8
                 elif tag in ifd.tagtype:

src/PIL/WebPImagePlugin.py

@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 from __future__ import annotations
 
 from io import BytesIO
+from typing import IO, Any
 
 from . import Image, ImageFile
 
@@ -11,9 +12,6 @@ try:
 except ImportError:
     SUPPORTED = False
 
-TYPE_CHECKING = False
-if TYPE_CHECKING:
-    from typing import IO, Any
 
 _VP8_MODES_BY_IDENTIFIER = {
     b"VP8 ": "RGB",

src/PIL/_deprecate.py

@@ -46,6 +46,8 @@ def deprecate(
     elif when <= int(__version__.split(".")[0]):
         msg = f"{deprecated} {is_} deprecated and should be removed."
         raise RuntimeError(msg)
+    elif when == 12:
+        removed = "Pillow 12 (2025-10-15)"
     elif when == 13:
         removed = "Pillow 13 (2026-10-15)"
     else:

src/PIL/_imagingcms.pyi

@@ -1,14 +1,14 @@
 import datetime
 import sys
-from typing import Literal, SupportsFloat, TypeAlias, TypedDict
+from typing import Literal, SupportsFloat, TypedDict
 
 from ._typing import CapsuleType
 
 littlecms_version: str | None
 
-_Tuple3f: TypeAlias = tuple[float, float, float]
-_Tuple2x3f: TypeAlias = tuple[_Tuple3f, _Tuple3f]
-_Tuple3x3f: TypeAlias = tuple[_Tuple3f, _Tuple3f, _Tuple3f]
+_Tuple3f = tuple[float, float, float]
+_Tuple2x3f = tuple[_Tuple3f, _Tuple3f]
+_Tuple3x3f = tuple[_Tuple3f, _Tuple3f, _Tuple3f]
 
 class _IccMeasurementCondition(TypedDict):
     observer: int

src/PIL/_imagingft.pyi

@@ -1,5 +1,4 @@
-from collections.abc import Callable
-from typing import Any
+from typing import Any, Callable
 
 from . import ImageFont, _imaging
 

src/PIL/_typing.py

@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ from __future__ import annotations
 import os
 import sys
 from collections.abc import Sequence
-from typing import Any, Protocol, TypeVar
+from typing import Any, Protocol, TypeVar, Union
 
 TYPE_CHECKING = False
 if TYPE_CHECKING:
@@ -12,8 +12,8 @@ if TYPE_CHECKING:
     try:
         import numpy.typing as npt
 
-        NumpyArray = npt.NDArray[Any]
-    except ImportError:
+        NumpyArray = npt.NDArray[Any]  # requires numpy>=1.21
+    except (ImportError, AttributeError):
         pass
 
 if sys.version_info >= (3, 13):
@@ -26,8 +26,19 @@ if sys.version_info >= (3, 12):
 else:
     Buffer = Any
 
+if sys.version_info >= (3, 10):
+    from typing import TypeGuard
+else:
+    try:
+        from typing_extensions import TypeGuard
+    except ImportError:
 
-Coords = Sequence[float] | Sequence[Sequence[float]]
+        class TypeGuard:  # type: ignore[no-redef]
+            def __class_getitem__(cls, item: Any) -> type[bool]:
+                return bool
+
+
+Coords = Union[Sequence[float], Sequence[Sequence[float]]]
 
 
 _T_co = TypeVar("_T_co", covariant=True)
@@ -37,7 +48,7 @@ class SupportsRead(Protocol[_T_co]):
     def read(self, length: int = ..., /) -> _T_co: ...
 
 
-StrOrBytesPath = str | bytes | os.PathLike[str] | os.PathLike[bytes]
+StrOrBytesPath = Union[str, bytes, os.PathLike[str], os.PathLike[bytes]]
 
 
-__all__ = ["Buffer", "IntegralLike", "StrOrBytesPath", "SupportsRead"]
+__all__ = ["Buffer", "IntegralLike", "StrOrBytesPath", "SupportsRead", "TypeGuard"]

src/PIL/_util.py

@@ -1,12 +1,9 @@
 from __future__ import annotations
 
 import os
+from typing import Any, NoReturn
 
-TYPE_CHECKING = False
-if TYPE_CHECKING:
-    from typing import Any, NoReturn, TypeGuard
-
-    from ._typing import StrOrBytesPath
+from ._typing import StrOrBytesPath, TypeGuard
 
 
 def is_path(f: Any) -> TypeGuard[StrOrBytesPath]:

src/PIL/_version.py

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
 # Master version for Pillow
 from __future__ import annotations
 
-__version__ = "12.0.0.dev0"
+__version__ = "11.3.0"

src/PIL/features.py

@@ -9,6 +9,7 @@ from typing import IO
 import PIL
 
 from . import Image
+from ._deprecate import deprecate
 
 modules = {
     "pil": ("PIL._imaging", "PILLOW_VERSION"),
@@ -119,7 +120,10 @@ def get_supported_codecs() -> list[str]:
     return [f for f in codecs if check_codec(f)]
 
 
-features: dict[str, tuple[str, str, str | None]] = {
+features: dict[str, tuple[str, str | bool, str | None]] = {
+    "webp_anim": ("PIL._webp", True, None),
+    "webp_mux": ("PIL._webp", True, None),
+    "transp_webp": ("PIL._webp", True, None),
     "raqm": ("PIL._imagingft", "HAVE_RAQM", "raqm_version"),
     "fribidi": ("PIL._imagingft", "HAVE_FRIBIDI", "fribidi_version"),
     "harfbuzz": ("PIL._imagingft", "HAVE_HARFBUZZ", "harfbuzz_version"),
@@ -145,8 +149,12 @@ def check_feature(feature: str) -> bool | None:
 
     module, flag, ver = features[feature]
 
+    if isinstance(flag, bool):
+        deprecate(f'check_feature("{feature}")', 12)
     try:
         imported_module = __import__(module, fromlist=["PIL"])
+        if isinstance(flag, bool):
+            return flag
         return getattr(imported_module, flag)
     except ModuleNotFoundError:
         return None
@@ -176,7 +184,17 @@ def get_supported_features() -> list[str]:
     """
     :returns: A list of all supported features.
     """
-    return [f for f in features if check_feature(f)]
+    supported_features = []
+    for f, (module, flag, _) in features.items():
+        if flag is True:
+            for feature, (feature_module, _) in modules.items():
+                if feature_module == module:
+                    if check_module(feature):
+                        supported_features.append(f)
+                    break
+        elif check_feature(f):
+            supported_features.append(f)
+    return supported_features
 
 
 def check(feature: str) -> bool | None:

src/_imaging.c

@@ -681,6 +681,30 @@ getink(PyObject *color, Imaging im, char *ink) {
                 } else if (!PyArg_ParseTuple(color, "iiL", &b, &g, &r)) {
                     return NULL;
                 }
+                if (!strcmp(im->mode, "BGR;15")) {
+                    UINT16 v = ((((UINT16)r) << 7) & 0x7c00) +
+                               ((((UINT16)g) << 2) & 0x03e0) +
+                               ((((UINT16)b) >> 3) & 0x001f);
+
+                    ink[0] = (UINT8)v;
+                    ink[1] = (UINT8)(v >> 8);
+                    ink[2] = ink[3] = 0;
+                    return ink;
+                } else if (!strcmp(im->mode, "BGR;16")) {
+                    UINT16 v = ((((UINT16)r) << 8) & 0xf800) +
+                               ((((UINT16)g) << 3) & 0x07e0) +
+                               ((((UINT16)b) >> 3) & 0x001f);
+                    ink[0] = (UINT8)v;
+                    ink[1] = (UINT8)(v >> 8);
+                    ink[2] = ink[3] = 0;
+                    return ink;
+                } else if (!strcmp(im->mode, "BGR;24")) {
+                    ink[0] = (UINT8)b;
+                    ink[1] = (UINT8)g;
+                    ink[2] = (UINT8)r;
+                    ink[3] = 0;
+                    return ink;
+                }
             }
     }
 
@@ -1626,33 +1650,54 @@ _putdata(ImagingObject *self, PyObject *args) {
                 return NULL;
             }
             double value;
-            int bigendian = 0;
-            if (image->type == IMAGING_TYPE_SPECIAL) {
-                // I;16*
-                if (
-                    strcmp(image->mode, "I;16B") == 0
-#ifdef WORDS_BIGENDIAN
-                    || strcmp(image->mode, "I;16N") == 0
-#endif
-                ) {
-                    bigendian = 1;
-                }
-            }
-            for (i = x = y = 0; i < n; i++) {
-                set_value_to_item(seq, i);
-                if (scale != 1.0 || offset != 0.0) {
-                    value = value * scale + offset;
-                }
+            if (image->bands == 1) {
+                int bigendian = 0;
                 if (image->type == IMAGING_TYPE_SPECIAL) {
-                    image->image8[y][x * 2 + (bigendian ? 1 : 0)] =
-                        CLIP8((int)value % 256);
-                    image->image8[y][x * 2 + (bigendian ? 0 : 1)] =
-                        CLIP8((int)value >> 8);
-                } else {
-                    image->image8[y][x] = (UINT8)CLIP8(value);
+                    // I;16*
+                    if (
+                        strcmp(image->mode, "I;16B") == 0
+#ifdef WORDS_BIGENDIAN
+                        || strcmp(image->mode, "I;16N") == 0
+#endif
+                    ) {
+                        bigendian = 1;
+                    }
                 }
-                if (++x >= (int)image->xsize) {
-                    x = 0, y++;
+                for (i = x = y = 0; i < n; i++) {
+                    set_value_to_item(seq, i);
+                    if (scale != 1.0 || offset != 0.0) {
+                        value = value * scale + offset;
+                    }
+                    if (image->type == IMAGING_TYPE_SPECIAL) {
+                        image->image8[y][x * 2 + (bigendian ? 1 : 0)] =
+                            CLIP8((int)value % 256);
+                        image->image8[y][x * 2 + (bigendian ? 0 : 1)] =
+                            CLIP8((int)value >> 8);
+                    } else {
+                        image->image8[y][x] = (UINT8)CLIP8(value);
+                    }
+                    if (++x >= (int)image->xsize) {
+                        x = 0, y++;
+                    }
+                }
+            } else {
+                // BGR;*
+                int b;
+                for (i = x = y = 0; i < n; i++) {
+                    char ink[4];
+
+                    op = PySequence_Fast_GET_ITEM(seq, i);
+                    if (!op || !getink(op, image, ink)) {
+                        Py_DECREF(seq);
+                        return NULL;
+                    }
+                    /* FIXME: what about scale and offset? */
+                    for (b = 0; b < image->pixelsize; b++) {
+                        image->image8[y][x * image->pixelsize + b] = ink[b];
+                    }
+                    if (++x >= (int)image->xsize) {
+                        x = 0, y++;
+                    }
                 }
             }
             PyErr_Clear(); /* Avoid weird exceptions */
@@ -3724,6 +3769,18 @@ _getattr_bands(ImagingObject *self, void *closure) {
     return PyLong_FromLong(self->image->bands);
 }
 
+static PyObject *
+_getattr_id(ImagingObject *self, void *closure) {
+    if (PyErr_WarnEx(
+            PyExc_DeprecationWarning,
+            "id property is deprecated and will be removed in Pillow 12 (2025-10-15)",
+            1
+        ) < 0) {
+        return NULL;
+    }
+    return PyLong_FromSsize_t((Py_ssize_t)self->image);
+}
+
 static void
 _ptr_destructor(PyObject *capsule) {
     PyObject *self = (PyObject *)PyCapsule_GetContext(capsule);
@@ -3738,6 +3795,27 @@ _getattr_ptr(ImagingObject *self, void *closure) {
     return capsule;
 }
 
+static PyObject *
+_getattr_unsafe_ptrs(ImagingObject *self, void *closure) {
+    if (PyErr_WarnEx(
+            PyExc_DeprecationWarning,
+            "unsafe_ptrs property is deprecated and will be removed in Pillow 12 "
+            "(2025-10-15)",
+            1
+        ) < 0) {
+        return NULL;
+    }
+    return Py_BuildValue(
+        "(sn)(sn)(sn)",
+        "image8",
+        self->image->image8,
+        "image32",
+        self->image->image32,
+        "image",
+        self->image->image
+    );
+}
+
 static PyObject *
 _getattr_readonly(ImagingObject *self, void *closure) {
     return PyLong_FromLong(self->image->read_only);
@@ -3747,7 +3825,9 @@ static struct PyGetSetDef getsetters[] = {
     {"mode", (getter)_getattr_mode},
     {"size", (getter)_getattr_size},
     {"bands", (getter)_getattr_bands},
+    {"id", (getter)_getattr_id},
     {"ptr", (getter)_getattr_ptr},
+    {"unsafe_ptrs", (getter)_getattr_unsafe_ptrs},
     {"readonly", (getter)_getattr_readonly},
     {NULL}
 };
@@ -4352,6 +4432,16 @@ setup_module(PyObject *m) {
         PyObject *v = PyUnicode_FromString(ImagingTiffVersion());
         PyDict_SetItemString(d, "libtiff_version", v ? v : Py_None);
         Py_XDECREF(v);
+
+        // Test for libtiff 4.0 or later, excluding libtiff 3.9.6 and 3.9.7
+        PyObject *support_custom_tags;
+#if TIFFLIB_VERSION >= 20111221 && TIFFLIB_VERSION != 20120218 && \
+    TIFFLIB_VERSION != 20120922
+        support_custom_tags = Py_True;
+#else
+        support_custom_tags = Py_False;
+#endif
+        PyDict_SetItemString(d, "libtiff_support_custom_tags", support_custom_tags);
     }
 #endif
 

src/libImaging/Access.c

@@ -82,6 +82,31 @@ get_pixel_16B(Imaging im, int x, int y, void *color) {
 #endif
 }
 
+static void
+get_pixel_BGR15(Imaging im, int x, int y, void *color) {
+    UINT8 *in = (UINT8 *)&im->image8[y][x * 2];
+    UINT16 pixel = in[0] + (in[1] << 8);
+    char *out = color;
+    out[0] = (pixel & 31) * 255 / 31;
+    out[1] = ((pixel >> 5) & 31) * 255 / 31;
+    out[2] = ((pixel >> 10) & 31) * 255 / 31;
+}
+
+static void
+get_pixel_BGR16(Imaging im, int x, int y, void *color) {
+    UINT8 *in = (UINT8 *)&im->image8[y][x * 2];
+    UINT16 pixel = in[0] + (in[1] << 8);
+    char *out = color;
+    out[0] = (pixel & 31) * 255 / 31;
+    out[1] = ((pixel >> 5) & 63) * 255 / 63;
+    out[2] = ((pixel >> 11) & 31) * 255 / 31;
+}
+
+static void
+get_pixel_BGR24(Imaging im, int x, int y, void *color) {
+    memcpy(color, &im->image8[y][x * 3], sizeof(UINT8) * 3);
+}
+
 static void
 get_pixel_32(Imaging im, int x, int y, void *color) {
     memcpy(color, &im->image32[y][x], sizeof(INT32));
@@ -129,6 +154,16 @@ put_pixel_16B(Imaging im, int x, int y, const void *color) {
     out[1] = in[0];
 }
 
+static void
+put_pixel_BGR1516(Imaging im, int x, int y, const void *color) {
+    memcpy(&im->image8[y][x * 2], color, 2);
+}
+
+static void
+put_pixel_BGR24(Imaging im, int x, int y, const void *color) {
+    memcpy(&im->image8[y][x * 3], color, 3);
+}
+
 static void
 put_pixel_32L(Imaging im, int x, int y, const void *color) {
     memcpy(&im->image8[y][x * 4], color, 4);
@@ -177,6 +212,9 @@ ImagingAccessInit(void) {
     ADD("F", get_pixel_32, put_pixel_32);
     ADD("P", get_pixel_8, put_pixel_8);
     ADD("PA", get_pixel_32_2bands, put_pixel_32);
+    ADD("BGR;15", get_pixel_BGR15, put_pixel_BGR1516);
+    ADD("BGR;16", get_pixel_BGR16, put_pixel_BGR1516);
+    ADD("BGR;24", get_pixel_BGR24, put_pixel_BGR24);
     ADD("RGB", get_pixel_32, put_pixel_32);
     ADD("RGBA", get_pixel_32, put_pixel_32);
     ADD("RGBa", get_pixel_32, put_pixel_32);

src/libImaging/Convert.c

@@ -277,6 +277,38 @@ rgb2f(UINT8 *out_, const UINT8 *in, int xsize) {
     }
 }
 
+static void
+rgb2bgr15(UINT8 *out_, const UINT8 *in, int xsize) {
+    int x;
+    for (x = 0; x < xsize; x++, in += 4, out_ += 2) {
+        UINT16 v = ((((UINT16)in[0]) << 7) & 0x7c00) +
+                   ((((UINT16)in[1]) << 2) & 0x03e0) +
+                   ((((UINT16)in[2]) >> 3) & 0x001f);
+        memcpy(out_, &v, sizeof(v));
+    }
+}
+
+static void
+rgb2bgr16(UINT8 *out_, const UINT8 *in, int xsize) {
+    int x;
+    for (x = 0; x < xsize; x++, in += 4, out_ += 2) {
+        UINT16 v = ((((UINT16)in[0]) << 8) & 0xf800) +
+                   ((((UINT16)in[1]) << 3) & 0x07e0) +
+                   ((((UINT16)in[2]) >> 3) & 0x001f);
+        memcpy(out_, &v, sizeof(v));
+    }
+}
+
+static void
+rgb2bgr24(UINT8 *out, const UINT8 *in, int xsize) {
+    int x;
+    for (x = 0; x < xsize; x++, in += 4) {
+        *out++ = in[2];
+        *out++ = in[1];
+        *out++ = in[0];
+    }
+}
+
 static void
 rgb2hsv_row(UINT8 *out, const UINT8 *in) {  // following colorsys.py
     float h, s, rc, gc, bc, cr;
@@ -939,6 +971,9 @@ static struct {
     {"RGB", "I;16N", rgb2i16l},
 #endif
     {"RGB", "F", rgb2f},
+    {"RGB", "BGR;15", rgb2bgr15},
+    {"RGB", "BGR;16", rgb2bgr16},
+    {"RGB", "BGR;24", rgb2bgr24},
     {"RGB", "RGBA", rgb2rgba},
     {"RGB", "RGBa", rgb2rgba},
     {"RGB", "RGBX", rgb2rgba},

src/libImaging/Histo.c

@@ -132,15 +132,11 @@ ImagingGetHistogram(Imaging im, Imaging imMask, void *minmax) {
                     ImagingSectionEnter(&cookie);
                     for (y = 0; y < im->ysize; y++) {
                         UINT8 *in = (UINT8 *)im->image[y];
-                        for (x = 0; x < im->xsize; x++, in += 4) {
-                            h->histogram[*in]++;
-                            if (im->bands == 2) {
-                                h->histogram[*(in + 3) + 256]++;
-                            } else {
-                                h->histogram[*(in + 1) + 256]++;
-                                h->histogram[*(in + 2) + 512]++;
-                                h->histogram[*(in + 3) + 768]++;
-                            }
+                        for (x = 0; x < im->xsize; x++) {
+                            h->histogram[(*in++)]++;
+                            h->histogram[(*in++) + 256]++;
+                            h->histogram[(*in++) + 512]++;
+                            h->histogram[(*in++) + 768]++;
                         }
                     }
                     ImagingSectionLeave(&cookie);

src/libImaging/Pack.c

@@ -471,6 +471,12 @@ copy2(UINT8 *out, const UINT8 *in, int pixels) {
     memcpy(out, in, pixels * 2);
 }
 
+static void
+copy3(UINT8 *out, const UINT8 *in, int pixels) {
+    /* BGR;24, etc */
+    memcpy(out, in, pixels * 3);
+}
+
 static void
 copy4(UINT8 *out, const UINT8 *in, int pixels) {
     /* RGBA, CMYK quadruples */
@@ -651,6 +657,9 @@ static struct {
     {"I;16", "I;16N", 16, packI16N_I16},  // LibTiff native->image endian.
     {"I;16L", "I;16N", 16, packI16N_I16},
     {"I;16B", "I;16N", 16, packI16N_I16B},
+    {"BGR;15", "BGR;15", 16, copy2},
+    {"BGR;16", "BGR;16", 16, copy2},
+    {"BGR;24", "BGR;24", 24, copy3},
 
     {NULL} /* sentinel */
 };

src/libImaging/Storage.c

@@ -151,6 +151,36 @@ ImagingNewPrologueSubtype(const char *mode, int xsize, int ysize, int size) {
         strcpy(im->band_names[2], "B");
         strcpy(im->band_names[3], "X");
 
+    } else if (strcmp(mode, "BGR;15") == 0) {
+        /* EXPERIMENTAL */
+        /* 15-bit reversed true colour */
+        im->bands = 3;
+        im->pixelsize = 2;
+        im->linesize = (xsize * 2 + 3) & -4;
+        im->type = IMAGING_TYPE_SPECIAL;
+        /* not allowing arrow due to line length packing */
+        strcpy(im->arrow_band_format, "");
+
+    } else if (strcmp(mode, "BGR;16") == 0) {
+        /* EXPERIMENTAL */
+        /* 16-bit reversed true colour */
+        im->bands = 3;
+        im->pixelsize = 2;
+        im->linesize = (xsize * 2 + 3) & -4;
+        im->type = IMAGING_TYPE_SPECIAL;
+        /* not allowing arrow due to line length packing */
+        strcpy(im->arrow_band_format, "");
+
+    } else if (strcmp(mode, "BGR;24") == 0) {
+        /* EXPERIMENTAL */
+        /* 24-bit reversed true colour */
+        im->bands = 3;
+        im->pixelsize = 3;
+        im->linesize = (xsize * 3 + 3) & -4;
+        im->type = IMAGING_TYPE_SPECIAL;
+        /* not allowing arrow due to line length packing */
+        strcpy(im->arrow_band_format, "");
+
     } else if (strcmp(mode, "RGBX") == 0) {
         /* 32-bit true colour images with padding */
         im->bands = im->pixelsize = 4;

src/libImaging/TiffDecode.c

@@ -884,6 +884,7 @@ ImagingLibTiffMergeFieldInfo(
     // Refer to libtiff docs (http://www.simplesystems.org/libtiff/addingtags.html)
     TIFFSTATE *clientstate = (TIFFSTATE *)state->context;
     uint32_t n;
+    int status = 0;
 
     // custom fields added with ImagingLibTiffMergeFieldInfo are only used for
     // decoding, ignore readcount;
@@ -906,7 +907,14 @@ ImagingLibTiffMergeFieldInfo(
 
     n = sizeof(info) / sizeof(info[0]);
 
-    return TIFFMergeFieldInfo(clientstate->tiff, info, n);
+    // Test for libtiff 4.0 or later, excluding libtiff 3.9.6 and 3.9.7
+#if TIFFLIB_VERSION >= 20111221 && TIFFLIB_VERSION != 20120218 && \
+    TIFFLIB_VERSION != 20120922
+    status = TIFFMergeFieldInfo(clientstate->tiff, info, n);
+#else
+    TIFFMergeFieldInfo(clientstate->tiff, info, n);
+#endif
+    return status;
 }
 
 int