Jon Dufresne 4cd4adddc3 Improve handling of file resources ... Follow Python's file object semantics. User code is responsible for closing resources (usually through a context manager) in a deterministic way. To achieve this, remove __del__ functions. These functions used to closed open file handlers in an attempt to silence Python ResourceWarnings. However, using __del__ has the following drawbacks: - __del__ isn't called until the object's reference count reaches 0. Therefore, resource handlers remain open or in use longer than necessary. - The __del__ method isn't guaranteed to execute on system exit. See the Python documentation: https://docs.python.org/3/reference/datamodel.html#object.__del__ > It is not guaranteed that __del__() methods are called for objects > that still exist when the interpreter exits. - Exceptions that occur inside __del__ are ignored instead of raised. This has the potential of hiding bugs. This is also in the Python documentation: > Warning: Due to the precarious circumstances under which __del__() > methods are invoked, exceptions that occur during their execution > are ignored, and a warning is printed to sys.stderr instead. Instead, always close resource handlers when they are no longer in use. This will close the file handler at a specified point in the user's code and not wait until the interpreter chooses to. It is always guaranteed to run. And, if an exception occurs while closing the file handler, the bug will not be ignored. Now, when code receives a ResourceWarning, it will highlight an area that is mishandling resources. It should not simply be silenced, but fixed by closing resources with a context manager. All warnings that were emitted during tests have been cleaned up. To enable warnings, I passed the `-Wa` CLI option to Python. This exposed some mishandling of resources in ImageFile.__init__() and SpiderImagePlugin.loadImageSeries(), they too were fixed.		2019-10-12 08:27:17 -07:00
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block_allocator.rst
ExifTags.rst
Image.rst
ImageChops.rst
ImageCms.rst
ImageColor.rst
ImageDraw.rst
ImageEnhance.rst
ImageFile.rst
ImageFilter.rst
ImageFont.rst
ImageGrab.rst
ImageMath.rst
ImageMorph.rst
ImageOps.rst
ImagePalette.rst
ImagePath.rst
ImageQt.rst
ImageSequence.rst
ImageStat.rst
ImageTk.rst
ImageWin.rst
index.rst
internal_design.rst
limits.rst
open_files.rst
PixelAccess.rst
plugins.rst
PSDraw.rst
PyAccess.rst
TiffTags.rst