Pillow/PIL/ImageMorph.py

# A binary morphology add-on for the Python Imaging Library
#
# History:
#   2014-06-04 Initial version.
#
# Copyright (c) 2014 Dov Grobgeld <dov.grobgeld@gmail.com>

from PIL import Image
from PIL import _imagingmorph
import re

LUT_SIZE = 1<<9
class LutBuilder:
    """A class for building MorphLut's from a descriptive language

      The input patterns is a list of a strings sequences like these:

      4:(...
         .1.
         111)->1

      (whitespaces including linebreaks are ignored). The option 4
      descibes a series of symmetry operations (in this case a
      4-rotation), the pattern is decribed by:

         . or X - Ignore
         1 - Pixel is on
         0 - Pixel is off

      The result of the operation is described after "->" string.

      The default is to return the current pixel value, which is
      returned if no other match is found.

      Operations:
         4 - 4 way rotation
         N - Negate
         1 - Dummy op for no other operation (an op must always be given)
         M - Mirroring

      Example:

      lb = LutBuilder(patterns = ["4:(... .1. 111)->1"])
      lut = lb.build_lut()
         
    """
    def __init__(self,patterns = None,op_name=None):
        if patterns is not None:
            self.patterns = patterns
        else:
            self.patterns = []
        self.lut = None
        if op_name is not None:
            known_patterns = {
                'corner' : ['1:(... ... ...)->0',
                            '4:(00. 01. ...)->1'],
                'dilation4' : ['4:(... .0. .1.)->1'],
                'dilation8' : ['4:(... .0. .1.)->1',
                               '4:(... .0. ..1)->1'],
                'erosion4' : ['4:(... .1. .0.)->0'],
                'erosion8' : ['4:(... .1. .0.)->0',
                              '4:(... .1. ..0)->0'],
                'edge' : ['1:(... ... ...)->0',
                          '4:(.0. .1. ...)->1',
                          '4:(01. .1. ...)->1']
            }
            if not op_name in known_patterns:
                raise Exception('Unknown pattern '+op_name+'!')

            self.patterns = known_patterns[op_name]

    def add_patterns(self, patterns):
        self.patterns += patterns

    def build_default_lut(self):
        symbols = [0, 1]
        m = 1 << 4  # pos of current pixel
        self.lut = bytearray([symbols[(i & m)>0] for i in range(LUT_SIZE)])

    def get_lut(self):
        return self.lut

    def _string_permute(self, pattern, permutation):
        """string_permute takes a pattern and a permutation and returns the
        string permuted accordinging to the permutation list.
        """
        assert(len(permutation)==9)
        return ''.join([pattern[p] for p in permutation])

    def _pattern_permute(self, basic_pattern, options, basic_result):
        """pattern_permute takes a basic pattern and its result and clones
        the mattern according to the modifications described in the $options
        parameter. It returns a list of all cloned patterns."""
        patterns = [(basic_pattern, basic_result)]

        # rotations
        if '4' in options:
            res = patterns[-1][1]
            for i in range(4):
                patterns.append(
                    (self._string_permute(patterns[-1][0],
                                    [6,3,0,
                                     7,4,1,
                                     8,5,2]), res))
        # mirror
        if 'M' in options:
            n = len(patterns)
            for pattern,res in patterns[0:n]:
                patterns.append(
                    (self._string_permute(pattern, [2,1,0,
					      5,4,3,
					      8,7,6]), res))

        # negate
        if 'N' in options:
            n = len(patterns)
            for pattern,res in patterns[0:n]:
                # Swap 0 and 1
                pattern = (pattern
                           .replace('0','Z')
                           .replace('1','0')
                           .replace('Z','1'))
                res = '%d'%(1-int(res))
                patterns.append((pattern, res))

        return patterns

    def build_lut(self):
        """Compile all patterns into a morphology lut.

        TBD :Build based on (file) morphlut:modify_lut
        """
        self.build_default_lut()
        patterns = []

        # Parse and create symmetries of the patterns strings
        for p in self.patterns:
            m = re.search(r'(\w*):?\s*\((.+?)\)\s*->\s*(\d)', p.replace('\n',''))
            if not m:
                raise Exception('Syntax error in pattern "'+p+'"')
            options = m.group(1)
            pattern = m.group(2)
            result = int(m.group(3))

            # Get rid of spaces
            pattern= pattern.replace(' ','').replace('\n','')

            patterns += self._pattern_permute(pattern, options, result)

#        # Debugging
#        for p,r in patterns:
#            print p,r
#        print '--'

        # compile the patterns into regular expressions for speed
        for i in range(len(patterns)):
            p = patterns[i][0].replace('.','X').replace('X','[01]')
            p = re.compile(p)
            patterns[i] = (p, patterns[i][1])

        # Step through table and find patterns that match.
        # Note that all the patterns are searched. The last one
        # caught overrides
        for i in range(LUT_SIZE):
            # Build the bit pattern
            bitpattern = bin(i)[2:]
            bitpattern = ('0'*(9-len(bitpattern)) + bitpattern)[::-1]

            for p,r in patterns:
                if p.match(bitpattern):
                    self.lut[i] = [0, 1][r]

        return self.lut
        
class MorphOp:
    """A class for binary morphological operators"""

    def __init__(self,
                 lut=None,
                 op_name = None,
                 patterns = None):
        """Create a binary morphological operator"""
        self.lut = lut
        if op_name is not None:
            self.lut = LutBuilder(op_name = op_name).build_lut()
        elif patterns is not None:
            self.lut = LutBuilder(patterns = patterns).build_lut()

    def apply(self, image):
        """Run a single morphological operation on an image

        Returns a tuple of the number of changed pixels and the
        morphed image"""
        if self.lut is None:
            raise Exception('No operator loaded')
        
        outimage = Image.new(image.mode, image.size, None)
        count = _imagingmorph.apply(self.lut, image.im.id, outimage.im.id)
        return count, outimage
    
    def match(self, image):
        """Get a list of coordinates matching the morphological operation on an image

        Returns a list of tuples of (x,y) coordinates of all matching pixels."""
        if self.lut is None:
            raise Exception('No operator loaded')
        
        return  _imagingmorph.match(self.lut, image.im.id)

    def get_on_pixels(self, image):
        """Get a list of all turned on pixels in a binary image
        Returns a list of tuples of (x,y) coordinates of all matching pixels."""
        
        return  _imagingmorph.get_on_pixels(image.im.id)

    def load_lut(self, filename):
        """Load an operator from an mrl file"""
        with open(filename,'rb') as f:
            self.lut = bytearray(f.read())
            
        if len(self.lut)!= 8192:
            self.lut = None
            raise Exception('Wrong size operator file!')

    def save_lut(self, filename):
        """Load an operator save mrl file"""
        if self.lut is None:
            raise Exception('No operator loaded')
        with open(filename,'wb') as f:
            f.write(self.lut)

    def set_lut(self, lut):
        """Set the lut from an external source"""
        self.lut = lut