#!/usr/bin/env python
#
# Copyright 2002-2003 Michael D. Stenner
#
# This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify it
# under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published
# by the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
# (at your option) any later version.
#
# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
# GNU Lesser General Public License for more details.
#
# You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
# along with this program.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
#

"""An HTTP handler for urllib2 that supports HTTP 1.1 and keepalive.

  import urllib2
  from keepalive import HTTPHandler
  keepalive_handler = HTTPHandler()
  opener = urllib2.build_opener(keepalive_handler)
  urllib2.install_opener(opener)
 
  fo = urllib2.urlopen('http://www.python.org')

To remove the handler, simply re-run build_opener with no arguments, and
install that opener.

You can explicitly close connections by using the close_connection()
method of the returned file-like object (described below) or you can
use the handler methods:

  close_connection(host)
  close_all()
  open_connections()

Example:

  keepalive_handler.close_all()

EXTRA ATTRIBUTES AND METHODS

  Upon a status of 200, the object returned has a few additional
  attributes and methods, which should not be used if you want to
  remain consistent with the normal urllib2-returned objects:

    close_connection()  -  close the connection to the host
    readlines()         -  you know, readlines()
    status              -  the return status (ie 404)
    reason              -  english translation of status (ie 'File not found')

  If you want the best of both worlds, use this inside an
  AttributeError-catching try:

    try: status = fo.status
    except AttributeError: status = None

  Unfortunately, these are ONLY there if status == 200, so it's not
  easy to distinguish between non-200 responses.  The reason is that
  urllib2 tries to do clever things with error codes 301, 302, 401,
  and 407, and it wraps the object upon return.

  You can optionally set the module-level global HANDLE_ERRORS to 0,
  in which case the handler will always return the object directly.
  If you like the fancy handling of errors, don't do this.  If you
  prefer to see your error codes, then do.

"""
from httplib import _CS_REQ_STARTED, _CS_REQ_SENT, _CS_IDLE, CannotSendHeader

import threading
import urllib2
import httplib
import socket

VERSION = (0, 1)
#STRING_VERSION = '.'.join(map(str, VERSION))
DEBUG = 0
HANDLE_ERRORS = 1

class HTTPHandler(urllib2.HTTPHandler):
    def __init__(self):
        self._connections = {}
        
    def close_connection(self, host):
        """close connection to <host>
        host is the host:port spec, as in 'www.cnn.com:8080' as passed in.
        no error occurs if there is no connection to that host."""
        self._remove_connection(host, close=1)

    def open_connections(self):
        """return a list of connected hosts"""
        retVal = []
        currentThread = threading.currentThread()
        for thread, host in self._connections.keys():
            if thread == currentThread:
                retVal.append(host)
        return retVal

    def close_all(self):
        """close all open connections"""
        for _, conn in self._connections.items():
            conn.close()
        self._connections = {}
        
    def _remove_connection(self, host, close=0):
        key = self._get_connection_key(host)
        if self._connections.has_key(key):
            if close: self._connections[key].close()
            del self._connections[key]
    
    def _get_connection_key(self, host):
        return (threading.currentThread(), host)
    
    def _start_connection(self, h, req):
        h.clearheaders()
        try:
            if req.has_data():
                data = req.get_data()
                h.putrequest('POST', req.get_selector())
                if not req.headers.has_key('Content-type'):
                    h.putheader('Content-type', 'application/x-www-form-urlencoded')
                if not req.headers.has_key('Content-length'):
                    h.putheader('Content-length', '%d' % len(data))
            else:
                h.putrequest('GET', req.get_selector())

            for args in self.parent.addheaders:
                h.putheader(*args)
            for k, v in req.headers.items():
                h.putheader(k, v)
            h.endheaders()
            if req.has_data():
                h.send(data)
        except socket.error, err:
            h.close()
            raise urllib2.URLError(err)

    def do_open(self, http_class, req):
        h = None
        host = req.get_host()
        if not host:
            raise urllib2.URLError('no host given')

        try:
            need_new_connection = 1
            key = self._get_connection_key(host)
            h = self._connections.get(key)
            if not h is None:
                try:
                    self._start_connection(h, req)
                except:
                    r = None
                else:
                    try: r = h.getresponse()
                    except httplib.ResponseNotReady, e: r = None
                    
                if r is None or r.version == 9:
                    # httplib falls back to assuming HTTP 0.9 if it gets a
                    # bad header back.  This is most likely to happen if
                    # the socket has been closed by the server since we
                    # last used the connection.
                    if DEBUG: print "failed to re-use connection to %s" % host
                    h.close()
                else:
                    if DEBUG: print "re-using connection to %s" % host
                    need_new_connection = 0
            if need_new_connection:
                if DEBUG: print "creating new connection to %s" % host
                h = http_class(host)
                self._connections[key] = h
                self._start_connection(h, req)
                r = h.getresponse()
        except socket.error, err:
            if h: h.close()
            raise urllib2.URLError(err)
            
        # if not a persistent connection, don't try to reuse it
        if r.will_close: self._remove_connection(host)

        if DEBUG:
            print "STATUS: %s, %s" % (r.status, r.reason)
        r._handler = self
        r._host = host
        r._url = req.get_full_url()



        #if r.status == 200 or not HANDLE_ERRORS:
            #return r
        if r.status == 200 or not HANDLE_ERRORS:
            # [speedplane] Must return an adinfourl object
            resp = urllib2.addinfourl(r, r.msg, req.get_full_url())
            resp.code = r.status
            resp.msg = r.reason
            return resp;
        else:
            return self.parent.error('http', req, r, r.status, r.reason, r.msg)

    def http_open(self, req):
        return self.do_open(HTTPConnection, req)

class HTTPResponse(httplib.HTTPResponse):

    # we need to subclass HTTPResponse in order to
    # 1) add readline() and readlines() methods
    # 2) add close_connection() methods
    # 3) add info() and geturl() methods

    # in order to add readline(), read must be modified to deal with a
    # buffer.  example: readline must read a buffer and then spit back
    # one line at a time.  The only real alternative is to read one
    # BYTE at a time (ick).  Once something has been read, it can't be
    # put back (ok, maybe it can, but that's even uglier than this),
    # so if you THEN do a normal read, you must first take stuff from
    # the buffer.

    # the read method wraps the original to accomodate buffering,
    # although read() never adds to the buffer.
    # Both readline and readlines have been stolen with almost no
    # modification from socket.py
    

    def __init__(self, sock, debuglevel=0, strict=0, method=None):
        if method: # the httplib in python 2.3 uses the method arg
            httplib.HTTPResponse.__init__(self, sock, debuglevel, method)
        else: # 2.2 doesn't
            httplib.HTTPResponse.__init__(self, sock, debuglevel)
        self.fileno = sock.fileno
        self._rbuf = ''
        self._rbufsize = 8096
        self._handler = None # inserted by the handler later
        self._host = None    # (same)
        self._url = None     # (same)

    _raw_read = httplib.HTTPResponse.read

    def close_connection(self):
        self.close()
        self._handler._remove_connection(self._host, close=1)
        
    def info(self):
        return self.msg

    def geturl(self):
        return self._url

    def read(self, amt=None):
        # the _rbuf test is only in this first if for speed.  It's not
        # logically necessary
        if self._rbuf and not amt is None:
            L = len(self._rbuf)
            if amt > L:
                amt -= L
            else:
                s = self._rbuf[:amt]
                self._rbuf = self._rbuf[amt:]
                return s

        s = self._rbuf + self._raw_read(amt)
        self._rbuf = ''
        return s

    def readline(self, limit=-1):
        data = ""
        i = self._rbuf.find('\n')
        while i < 0 and not (0 < limit <= len(self._rbuf)):
            new = self._raw_read(self._rbufsize)
            if not new: break
            i = new.find('\n')
            if i >= 0: i = i + len(self._rbuf)
            self._rbuf = self._rbuf + new
        if i < 0: i = len(self._rbuf)
        else: i = i+1
        if 0 <= limit < len(self._rbuf): i = limit
        data, self._rbuf = self._rbuf[:i], self._rbuf[i:]
        return data

    def readlines(self, sizehint = 0):
        total = 0
        list = []
        while 1:
            line = self.readline()
            if not line: break
            list.append(line)
            total += len(line)
            if sizehint and total >= sizehint:
                break
        return list


class HTTPConnection(httplib.HTTPConnection):
    # use the modified response class
    response_class = HTTPResponse
    _headers = None

    def clearheaders(self):
        self._headers = {}

    def putheader(self, header, value):
        """Send a request header line to the server.

        For example: h.putheader('Accept', 'text/html')
        """
        if self.__state != _CS_REQ_STARTED:
            raise CannotSendHeader()

        self._headers[header] = value


    def endheaders(self):
        """Indicate that the last header line has been sent to the server."""

        if self.__state == _CS_REQ_STARTED:
            self.__state = _CS_REQ_SENT
        else:
            raise CannotSendHeader()

        for header in ['Host', 'Accept-Encoding']:
            if header in self._headers:
                str = '%s: %s' % (header, self._headers[header])
                self._output(str)
                del self._headers[header]

        for header, value in self._headers.items():
            str = '%s: %s' % (header, value)
            self._output(str)

        self._send_output()

#########################################################################
#####   TEST FUNCTIONS
#########################################################################

def error_handler(url):
    global HANDLE_ERRORS
    orig = HANDLE_ERRORS
    keepalive_handler = HTTPHandler()
    opener = urllib2.build_opener(keepalive_handler)
    urllib2.install_opener(opener)
    pos = {0: 'off', 1: 'on'}
    for i in (0, 1):
        print "  fancy error handling %s (HANDLE_ERRORS = %i)" % (pos[i], i)
        HANDLE_ERRORS = i
        try:
            fo = urllib2.urlopen(url)
            foo = fo.read()
            fo.close()
            try: status, reason = fo.status, fo.reason
            except AttributeError: status, reason = None, None
        except IOError, e:
            print "  EXCEPTION: %s" % e
            raise
        else:
            print "  status = %s, reason = %s" % (status, reason)
    HANDLE_ERRORS = orig
    hosts = keepalive_handler.open_connections()
    print "open connections:", ' '.join(hosts)
    keepalive_handler.close_all()

def continuity(url):
    import md5
    format = '%25s: %s'
    
    # first fetch the file with the normal http handler
    opener = urllib2.build_opener()
    urllib2.install_opener(opener)
    fo = urllib2.urlopen(url)
    foo = fo.read()
    fo.close()
    m = md5.new(foo)
    print format % ('normal urllib', m.hexdigest())

    # now install the keepalive handler and try again
    opener = urllib2.build_opener(HTTPHandler())
    urllib2.install_opener(opener)

    fo = urllib2.urlopen(url)
    foo = fo.read()
    fo.close()
    m = md5.new(foo)
    print format % ('keepalive read', m.hexdigest())

    fo = urllib2.urlopen(url)
    foo = ''
    while 1:
        f = fo.readline()
        if f: foo = foo + f
        else: break
    fo.close()
    m = md5.new(foo)
    print format % ('keepalive readline', m.hexdigest())

def comp(N, url):
    print '  making %i connections to:\n  %s' % (N, url)

    sys.stdout.write('  first using the normal urllib handlers')
    # first use normal opener
    opener = urllib2.build_opener()
    urllib2.install_opener(opener)
    t1 = fetch(N, url)
    print '  TIME: %.3f s' % t1

    sys.stdout.write('  now using the keepalive handler       ')
    # now install the keepalive handler and try again
    opener = urllib2.build_opener(HTTPHandler())
    urllib2.install_opener(opener)
    t2 = fetch(N, url)
    print '  TIME: %.3f s' % t2
    print '  improvement factor: %.2f' % (t1/t2, )
    
def fetch(N, url, delay=0):
    lens = []
    starttime = time.time()
    for i in range(N):
        if delay and i > 0: time.sleep(delay)
        fo = urllib2.urlopen(url)
        foo = fo.read()
        fo.close()
        lens.append(len(foo))
    diff = time.time() - starttime

    j = 0
    for i in lens[1:]:
        j = j + 1
        if not i == lens[0]:
            print "WARNING: inconsistent length on read %i: %i" % (j, i)

    return diff

def test(url, N=10):
    print "checking error hander (do this on a non-200)"
    try: error_handler(url)
    except IOError, e:
        print "exiting - exception will prevent further tests"
        sys.exit()
    print
    print "performing continuity test (making sure stuff isn't corrupted)"
    continuity(url)
    print
    print "performing speed comparison"
    comp(N, url)
    
if __name__ == '__main__':
    import time
    import sys
    try:
        N = int(sys.argv[1])
        url = sys.argv[2]
    except:
        print "%s <integer> <url>" % sys.argv[0]
    else:
        test(url, N)