#!/usr/bin/env python """ $Id$ Copyright (c) 2006-2010 sqlmap developers (http://sqlmap.sourceforge.net/) See the file 'doc/COPYING' for copying permission """ import re import time from lib.core.agent import agent from lib.core.common import dataToStdout from lib.core.common import getRange from lib.core.common import getCompiledRegex from lib.core.common import getConsoleWidth from lib.core.common import getFileItems from lib.core.common import getUnicode from lib.core.common import parsePasswordHash from lib.core.common import popValue from lib.core.common import pushValue from lib.core.common import randomStr from lib.core.common import readInput from lib.core.common import safeStringFormat from lib.core.common import strToHex from lib.core.convert import utf8decode from lib.core.data import conf from lib.core.data import kb from lib.core.data import logger from lib.core.data import paths from lib.core.data import queries from lib.core.enums import DBMS from lib.core.exception import sqlmapMissingMandatoryOptionException from lib.core.exception import sqlmapNoneDataException from lib.core.exception import sqlmapUnsupportedFeatureException from lib.core.exception import sqlmapUserQuitException from lib.core.session import setOs from lib.core.settings import SQL_STATEMENTS from lib.core.shell import autoCompletion from lib.core.unescaper import unescaper from lib.parse.banner import bannerParser from lib.request import inject from lib.request.connect import Connect as Request from lib.techniques.brute.use import columnExists from lib.techniques.brute.use import tableExists from lib.techniques.error.test import errorTest from lib.techniques.inband.union.test import unionTest from lib.techniques.outband.stacked import stackedTest class Enumeration: """ This class defines generic enumeration functionalities for plugins. """ def __init__(self, dbms): kb.data.has_information_schema = False kb.data.banner = "" kb.data.currentUser = "" kb.data.currentDb = "" kb.data.cachedUsers = [] kb.data.cachedUsersPasswords = {} kb.data.cachedUsersPrivileges = {} kb.data.cachedUsersRoles = {} kb.data.cachedDbs = [] kb.data.cachedTables = {} kb.data.cachedColumns = {} kb.data.dumpedTable = {} kb.data.processChar = None kb.misc.testedDbms = dbms def getBanner(self): if not conf.getBanner: return kb.dbmsDetected = True infoMsg = "fetching banner" logger.info(infoMsg) if not kb.data.banner: if conf.errorTest: conf.dumper.technic("error-based injection payload", errorTest()) elif conf.unionTest: conf.dumper.technic("inband injection payload", unionTest()) query = queries[kb.dbms].banner.query kb.data.banner = inject.getValue(query) bannerParser(kb.data.banner) if conf.os and conf.os == "windows": kb.bannerFp["type"] = set([ "Windows" ]) elif conf.os and conf.os == "linux": kb.bannerFp["type"] = set([ "Linux" ]) elif conf.os: kb.bannerFp["type"] = set([ "%s%s" % (conf.os[0].upper(), conf.os[1:]) ]) setOs() return kb.data.banner def getCurrentUser(self): infoMsg = "fetching current user" logger.info(infoMsg) query = queries[kb.dbms].current_user.query if not kb.data.currentUser: kb.data.currentUser = inject.getValue(query) return kb.data.currentUser def getCurrentDb(self): infoMsg = "fetching current database" logger.info(infoMsg) query = queries[kb.dbms].current_db.query if not kb.data.currentDb: kb.data.currentDb = inject.getValue(query) return kb.data.currentDb def isDba(self): infoMsg = "testing if current user is DBA" logger.info(infoMsg) query = agent.forgeCaseStatement(queries[kb.dbms].is_dba.query) kb.data.isDba = inject.getValue(query, unpack=False, charsetType=1) return kb.data.isDba == "1" def getUsers(self): infoMsg = "fetching database users" logger.info(infoMsg) rootQuery = queries[kb.dbms].users condition = ( kb.dbms == DBMS.MSSQL and kb.dbmsVersion[0] in ( "2005", "2008" ) ) condition |= ( kb.dbms == DBMS.MYSQL and not kb.data.has_information_schema ) if kb.unionPosition is not None or conf.direct: if condition: query = rootQuery.inband.query2 else: query = rootQuery.inband.query value = inject.getValue(query, blind=False, error=False) if value: kb.data.cachedUsers = value if not kb.data.cachedUsers and not conf.direct: infoMsg = "fetching number of database users" logger.info(infoMsg) if condition: query = rootQuery.blind.count2 else: query = rootQuery.blind.count count = inject.getValue(query, inband=False, expected="int", charsetType=2) if not count.isdigit() or not len(count) or count == "0": errMsg = "unable to retrieve the number of database users" raise sqlmapNoneDataException, errMsg if kb.dbms == DBMS.ORACLE: plusOne = True else: plusOne = False indexRange = getRange(count, plusOne=plusOne) for index in indexRange: if kb.dbms in (DBMS.SYBASE, DBMS.MAXDB): query = rootQuery.blind.query % (kb.data.cachedUsers[-1] if kb.data.cachedUsers else " ") elif condition: query = rootQuery.blind.query2 % index else: query = rootQuery.blind.query % index user = inject.getValue(query, inband=False) if user: kb.data.cachedUsers.append(user) if not kb.data.cachedUsers: errMsg = "unable to retrieve the database users" raise sqlmapNoneDataException, errMsg return kb.data.cachedUsers def getPasswordHashes(self): infoMsg = "fetching database users password hashes" rootQuery = queries[kb.dbms].passwords if conf.user == "CU": infoMsg += " for current user" conf.user = self.getCurrentUser() logger.info(infoMsg) if kb.unionPosition is not None or conf.direct: if kb.dbms == DBMS.MSSQL and kb.dbmsVersion[0] in ( "2005", "2008" ): query = rootQuery.inband.query2 else: query = rootQuery.inband.query condition = rootQuery.inband.condition if conf.user: if "," in conf.user: users = conf.user.split(",") query += " WHERE " query += " OR ".join("%s = '%s'" % (condition, user) for user in users) else: if kb.dbms == DBMS.MYSQL: parsedUser = re.search("[\047]*(.*?)[\047]*\@", conf.user) if parsedUser: conf.user = parsedUser.groups()[0] query += " WHERE %s = '%s'" % (condition, conf.user) value = inject.getValue(query, blind=False, error=False) if value: for user, password in value: if not user or user == " ": continue password = parsePasswordHash(password) if not kb.data.cachedUsersPasswords.has_key(user): kb.data.cachedUsersPasswords[user] = [password] else: kb.data.cachedUsersPasswords[user].append(password) if not kb.data.cachedUsersPasswords and not conf.direct: if conf.user: if "," in conf.user: users = conf.user.split(",") else: users = [conf.user] else: if not len(kb.data.cachedUsers): users = self.getUsers() else: users = kb.data.cachedUsers retrievedUsers = set() for user in users: if kb.dbms == DBMS.MYSQL: parsedUser = re.search("[\047]*(.*?)[\047]*\@", user) if parsedUser: user = parsedUser.groups()[0] if user in retrievedUsers: continue infoMsg = "fetching number of password hashes " infoMsg += "for user '%s'" % user logger.info(infoMsg) if kb.dbms == DBMS.MSSQL and kb.dbmsVersion[0] in ( "2005", "2008" ): query = rootQuery.blind.count2 % user else: query = rootQuery.blind.count % user count = inject.getValue(query, inband=False, expected="int", charsetType=2) if not count.isdigit() or not len(count) or count == "0": warnMsg = "unable to retrieve the number of password " warnMsg += "hashes for user '%s'" % user logger.warn(warnMsg) continue infoMsg = "fetching password hashes for user '%s'" % user logger.info(infoMsg) passwords = [] if kb.dbms == DBMS.ORACLE: plusOne = True else: plusOne = False indexRange = getRange(count, plusOne=plusOne) for index in indexRange: if kb.dbms == DBMS.SYBASE: if index > 0: warnMsg = "unable to retrieve other password " warnMsg += "hashes for user '%s'" % user logger.warn(warnMsg) break else: query = rootQuery.blind.query % user pushValue(conf.verbose) conf.verbose = 0 elif kb.dbms == DBMS.MSSQL: if kb.dbmsVersion[0] in ( "2005", "2008" ): query = rootQuery.blind.query2 % (user, index, user) else: query = rootQuery.blind.query % (user, index, user) else: query = rootQuery.blind.query % (user, index) password = inject.getValue(query, inband=False) if kb.dbms == DBMS.SYBASE: conf.verbose = popValue() password = "0x%s" % strToHex(password) infoMsg = "retrieved: %s" % password logger.info(infoMsg) password = parsePasswordHash(password) passwords.append(password) if passwords: kb.data.cachedUsersPasswords[user] = passwords else: warnMsg = "unable to retrieve the password " warnMsg += "hashes for user '%s'" % user logger.warn(warnMsg) retrievedUsers.add(user) if not kb.data.cachedUsersPasswords: errMsg = "unable to retrieve the password " errMsg += "hashes for the database users" raise sqlmapNoneDataException, errMsg return kb.data.cachedUsersPasswords def __isAdminFromPrivileges(self, privileges): # In PostgreSQL the usesuper privilege means that the # user is DBA dbaCondition = ( kb.dbms == DBMS.POSTGRESQL and "super" in privileges ) # In Oracle the DBA privilege means that the # user is DBA dbaCondition |= ( kb.dbms == DBMS.ORACLE and "DBA" in privileges ) # In MySQL >= 5.0 the SUPER privilege means # that the user is DBA dbaCondition |= ( kb.dbms == DBMS.MYSQL and kb.data.has_information_schema and "SUPER" in privileges ) # In MySQL < 5.0 the super_priv privilege means # that the user is DBA dbaCondition |= ( kb.dbms == DBMS.MYSQL and not kb.data.has_information_schema and "super_priv" in privileges ) # In Firebird there is no specific privilege that means # that the user is DBA # TODO: confirm dbaCondition |= ( kb.dbms == DBMS.FIREBIRD and "SELECT" in privileges and "INSERT" in privileges and "UPDATE" in privileges and "DELETE" in privileges and "REFERENCES" in privileges and "EXECUTE" in privileges ) return dbaCondition def getPrivileges(self, query2=False): infoMsg = "fetching database users privileges" rootQuery = queries[kb.dbms].privileges if conf.user == "CU": infoMsg += " for current user" conf.user = self.getCurrentUser() logger.info(infoMsg) # Set containing the list of DBMS administrators areAdmins = set() mysqlPrivs = ( ( 1, "select_priv" ), ( 2, "insert_priv" ), ( 3, "update_priv" ), ( 4, "delete_priv" ), ( 5, "create_priv" ), ( 6, "drop_priv" ), ( 7, "reload_priv" ), ( 8, "shutdown_priv" ), ( 9, "process_priv" ), ( 10, "file_priv" ), ( 11, "grant_priv" ), ( 12, "references_priv" ), ( 13, "index_priv" ), ( 14, "alter_priv" ), ( 15, "show_db_priv" ), ( 16, "super_priv" ), ( 17, "create_tmp_table_priv" ), ( 18, "lock_tables_priv" ), ( 19, "execute_priv" ), ( 20, "repl_slave_priv" ), ( 21, "repl_client_priv" ), ( 22, "create_view_priv" ), ( 23, "show_view_priv" ), ( 24, "create_routine_priv" ), ( 25, "alter_routine_priv" ), ( 26, "create_user_priv" ), ) pgsqlPrivs = ( ( 1, "createdb" ), ( 2, "super" ), ( 3, "catupd" ), ) firebirdPrivs = { "S": "SELECT", "I": "INSERT", "U": "UPDATE", "D": "DELETE", "R": "REFERENCES", "E": "EXECUTE" } if kb.unionPosition is not None or conf.direct: if kb.dbms == DBMS.MYSQL and not kb.data.has_information_schema: query = rootQuery.inband.query2 condition = rootQuery.inband.condition2 elif kb.dbms == DBMS.ORACLE and query2: query = rootQuery.inband.query2 condition = rootQuery.inband.condition2 else: query = rootQuery.inband.query condition = rootQuery.inband.condition if conf.user: users = conf.user.split(",") query += " WHERE " # NOTE: I assume that the user provided is not in # MySQL >= 5.0 syntax 'user'@'host' if kb.dbms == DBMS.MYSQL and kb.data.has_information_schema: queryUser = "%" + conf.user + "%" query += " OR ".join("%s LIKE '%s'" % (condition, "%" + user + "%") for user in users) else: query += " OR ".join("%s = '%s'" % (condition, user) for user in users) values = inject.getValue(query, blind=False, error=False) if not values and kb.dbms == DBMS.ORACLE and not query2: infoMsg = "trying with table USER_SYS_PRIVS" logger.info(infoMsg) return self.getPrivileges(query2=True) if values: for value in values: user = None privileges = set() for count in xrange(0, len(value)): # The first column is always the username if count == 0: user = value[count] # The other columns are the privileges else: privilege = value[count] # In PostgreSQL we get 1 if the privilege is # True, 0 otherwise if kb.dbms == DBMS.POSTGRESQL and getUnicode(privilege).isdigit(): for position, pgsqlPriv in pgsqlPrivs: if count == position and int(privilege) == 1: privileges.add(pgsqlPriv) # In MySQL >= 5.0 and Oracle we get the list # of privileges as string elif kb.dbms == DBMS.ORACLE or ( kb.dbms == DBMS.MYSQL and kb.data.has_information_schema ): privileges.add(privilege) # In MySQL < 5.0 we get Y if the privilege is # True, N otherwise elif kb.dbms == DBMS.MYSQL and not kb.data.has_information_schema: for position, mysqlPriv in mysqlPrivs: if count == position and privilege.upper() == "Y": privileges.add(mysqlPriv) if self.__isAdminFromPrivileges(privileges): areAdmins.add(user) if kb.data.cachedUsersPrivileges.has_key(user): kb.data.cachedUsersPrivileges[user].extend(privileges) else: kb.data.cachedUsersPrivileges[user] = list(privileges) if not kb.data.cachedUsersPrivileges and not conf.direct: conditionChar = "=" if conf.user: if kb.dbms == DBMS.MYSQL and kb.data.has_information_schema: conditionChar = " LIKE " if "," in conf.user: users = set() for user in conf.user.split(","): users.add("%" + user + "%") else: parsedUser = re.search("[\047]*(.*?)[\047]*\@", conf.user) if parsedUser: conf.user = parsedUser.groups()[0] users = [ "%" + conf.user + "%" ] else: users = conf.user.split(",") else: if not len(kb.data.cachedUsers): users = self.getUsers() else: users = kb.data.cachedUsers retrievedUsers = set() for user in users: unescapedUser = None if kb.dbms == DBMS.MYSQL and kb.data.has_information_schema: unescapedUser = unescaper.unescape(user, quote=False) if user in retrievedUsers: continue infoMsg = "fetching number of privileges " infoMsg += "for user '%s'" % user logger.info(infoMsg) if unescapedUser: queryUser = unescapedUser else: queryUser = user if kb.dbms == DBMS.MYSQL and not kb.data.has_information_schema: query = rootQuery.blind.count2 % queryUser elif kb.dbms == DBMS.MYSQL and kb.data.has_information_schema: query = rootQuery.blind.count % (conditionChar, queryUser) elif kb.dbms == DBMS.ORACLE and query2: query = rootQuery.blind.count2 % queryUser else: query = rootQuery.blind.count % queryUser count = inject.getValue(query, inband=False, expected="int", charsetType=2) if not count.isdigit() or not len(count) or count == "0": if not count.isdigit() and kb.dbms == DBMS.ORACLE and not query2: infoMsg = "trying with table USER_SYS_PRIVS" logger.info(infoMsg) return self.getPrivileges(query2=True) warnMsg = "unable to retrieve the number of " warnMsg += "privileges for user '%s'" % user logger.warn(warnMsg) continue infoMsg = "fetching privileges for user '%s'" % user logger.info(infoMsg) privileges = set() if kb.dbms == DBMS.ORACLE: plusOne = True else: plusOne = False indexRange = getRange(count, plusOne=plusOne) for index in indexRange: if kb.dbms == DBMS.MYSQL and not kb.data.has_information_schema: query = rootQuery.blind.query2 % (queryUser, index) elif kb.dbms == DBMS.MYSQL and kb.data.has_information_schema: query = rootQuery.blind.query % (conditionChar, queryUser, index) elif kb.dbms == DBMS.ORACLE and query2: query = rootQuery.blind.query2 % (queryUser, index) elif kb.dbms == DBMS.FIREBIRD: query = rootQuery.blind.query % (index, queryUser) else: query = rootQuery.blind.query % (queryUser, index) privilege = inject.getValue(query, inband=False) # In PostgreSQL we get 1 if the privilege is True, # 0 otherwise if kb.dbms == DBMS.POSTGRESQL and ", " in privilege: privilege = privilege.replace(", ", ",") privs = privilege.split(",") i = 1 for priv in privs: if priv.isdigit() and int(priv) == 1: for position, pgsqlPriv in pgsqlPrivs: if position == i: privileges.add(pgsqlPriv) i += 1 # In MySQL >= 5.0 and Oracle we get the list # of privileges as string elif kb.dbms == DBMS.ORACLE or ( kb.dbms == DBMS.MYSQL and kb.data.has_information_schema ): privileges.add(privilege) # In MySQL < 5.0 we get Y if the privilege is # True, N otherwise elif kb.dbms == DBMS.MYSQL and not kb.data.has_information_schema: privilege = privilege.replace(", ", ",") privs = privilege.split(",") i = 1 for priv in privs: if priv.upper() == "Y": for position, mysqlPriv in mysqlPrivs: if position == i: privileges.add(mysqlPriv) i += 1 # In Firebird we get one letter for each privilege elif kb.dbms == DBMS.FIREBIRD: privileges.add(firebirdPrivs[privilege.strip()]) if self.__isAdminFromPrivileges(privileges): areAdmins.add(user) # In MySQL < 5.0 we break the cycle after the first # time we get the user's privileges otherwise we # duplicate the same query if kb.dbms == DBMS.MYSQL and not kb.data.has_information_schema: break if privileges: kb.data.cachedUsersPrivileges[user] = list(privileges) else: warnMsg = "unable to retrieve the privileges " warnMsg += "for user '%s'" % user logger.warn(warnMsg) retrievedUsers.add(user) if not kb.data.cachedUsersPrivileges: errMsg = "unable to retrieve the privileges " errMsg += "for the database users" raise sqlmapNoneDataException, errMsg return ( kb.data.cachedUsersPrivileges, areAdmins ) def getRoles(self, query2=False): warnMsg = "on %s the concept of roles does not " % kb.dbms warnMsg += "exist. sqlmap will enumerate privileges instead" logger.warn(warnMsg) return self.getPrivileges(query2) def getDbs(self): if kb.dbms == DBMS.MYSQL and not kb.data.has_information_schema: warnMsg = "information_schema not available, " warnMsg += "back-end DBMS is MySQL < 5. database " warnMsg += "names will be fetched from 'mysql' database" logger.warn(warnMsg) infoMsg = "fetching database names" logger.info(infoMsg) rootQuery = queries[kb.dbms].dbs if kb.unionPosition is not None or conf.direct: if kb.dbms == DBMS.MYSQL and not kb.data.has_information_schema: query = rootQuery.inband.query2 else: query = rootQuery.inband.query value = inject.getValue(query, blind=False, error=False) if value: kb.data.cachedDbs = value if not kb.data.cachedDbs and not conf.direct: infoMsg = "fetching number of databases" logger.info(infoMsg) if kb.dbms == DBMS.MYSQL and not kb.data.has_information_schema: query = rootQuery.blind.count2 else: query = rootQuery.blind.count count = inject.getValue(query, inband=False, expected="int", charsetType=2) if not count.isdigit() or not len(count) or count == "0": errMsg = "unable to retrieve the number of databases" raise sqlmapNoneDataException, errMsg indexRange = getRange(count) for index in indexRange: if kb.dbms == DBMS.SYBASE: query = rootQuery.blind.query % (kb.data.cachedDbs[-1] if kb.data.cachedDbs else " ") elif kb.dbms == DBMS.MYSQL and not kb.data.has_information_schema: query = rootQuery.blind.query2 % index else: query = rootQuery.blind.query % index db = inject.getValue(query, inband=False) if db: kb.data.cachedDbs.append(db) if not kb.data.cachedDbs: errMsg = "unable to retrieve the database names" raise sqlmapNoneDataException, errMsg return kb.data.cachedDbs def getTables(self): bruteForce = False if kb.dbms == DBMS.MYSQL and not kb.data.has_information_schema: errMsg = "information_schema not available, " errMsg += "back-end DBMS is MySQL < 5.0" logger.error(errMsg) bruteForce = True elif kb.dbms == DBMS.ACCESS: errMsg = "cannot retrieve table names, " errMsg += "back-end DBMS is Access" logger.error(errMsg) bruteForce = True if bruteForce: message = "do you want to use common table existance check? [Y/n/q]" test = readInput(message, default="Y") if test[0] in ("n", "N"): return elif test[0] in ("q", "Q"): raise sqlmapUserQuitException else: return tableExists(paths.COMMON_TABLES) self.forceDbmsEnum() infoMsg = "fetching tables" if conf.db: infoMsg += " for database '%s'" % conf.db logger.info(infoMsg) rootQuery = queries[kb.dbms].tables if kb.unionPosition is not None or conf.direct: query = rootQuery.inband.query condition = rootQuery.inband.condition if conf.db and kb.dbms != DBMS.SQLITE: if "," in conf.db: dbs = conf.db.split(",") query += " WHERE " query += " OR ".join("%s = '%s'" % (condition, db) for db in dbs) else: query += " WHERE %s='%s'" % (condition, conf.db) elif conf.excludeSysDbs: query += " WHERE " query += " AND ".join("%s != '%s'" % (condition, db) for db in self.excludeDbsList) infoMsg = "skipping system databases '%s'" % ", ".join(db for db in self.excludeDbsList) logger.info(infoMsg) value = inject.getValue(query, blind=False, error=False) if value: if kb.dbms == DBMS.SQLITE: if isinstance(value, basestring): value = [[ DBMS.SQLITE, value ]] elif isinstance(value, (list, tuple, set)): newValue = [] for v in value: newValue.append([ DBMS.SQLITE, v]) value = newValue for db, table in value: if not kb.data.cachedTables.has_key(db): kb.data.cachedTables[db] = [table] else: kb.data.cachedTables[db].append(table) if not kb.data.cachedTables and not conf.direct: if conf.db: if "," in conf.db: dbs = conf.db.split(",") else: dbs = [conf.db] else: if not len(kb.data.cachedDbs): dbs = self.getDbs() else: dbs = kb.data.cachedDbs for db in dbs: if conf.excludeSysDbs and db in self.excludeDbsList: infoMsg = "skipping system database '%s'" % db logger.info(infoMsg) continue infoMsg = "fetching number of tables for " infoMsg += "database '%s'" % db logger.info(infoMsg) if kb.dbms in (DBMS.SQLITE, DBMS.FIREBIRD, DBMS.MAXDB): query = rootQuery.blind.count else: query = rootQuery.blind.count % db count = inject.getValue(query, inband=False, expected="int", charsetType=2) if not count.isdigit() or not len(count) or count == "0": warnMsg = "unable to retrieve the number of " warnMsg += "tables for database '%s'" % db logger.warn(warnMsg) continue tables = [] if kb.dbms in ( DBMS.MSSQL, DBMS.ORACLE ): plusOne = True else: plusOne = False indexRange = getRange(count, plusOne=plusOne) for index in indexRange: if kb.dbms == DBMS.SYBASE: query = rootQuery.blind.query % (db, (kb.data.cachedTables[-1] if kb.data.cachedTables else " ")) elif kb.dbms == DBMS.MAXDB: query = rootQuery.blind.query % (kb.data.cachedTables[-1] if kb.data.cachedTables else " ") elif kb.dbms in (DBMS.SQLITE, DBMS.FIREBIRD): query = rootQuery.blind.query % index else: query = rootQuery.blind.query % (db, index) table = inject.getValue(query, inband=False) tables.append(table) kb.hintValue = table if tables: kb.data.cachedTables[db] = tables else: warnMsg = "unable to retrieve the tables " warnMsg += "for database '%s'" % db logger.warn(warnMsg) if not kb.data.cachedTables: errMsg = "unable to retrieve the tables for any database" raise sqlmapNoneDataException, errMsg return kb.data.cachedTables def getColumns(self, onlyColNames=False): bruteForce = False if kb.dbms == DBMS.MYSQL and not kb.data.has_information_schema: errMsg = "information_schema not available, " errMsg += "back-end DBMS is MySQL < 5.0" logger.error(errMsg) bruteForce = True elif kb.dbms == DBMS.ACCESS: errMsg = "cannot retrieve column names, " errMsg += "back-end DBMS is Access" logger.error(errMsg) bruteForce = True if bruteForce: message = "do you want to use common columns existance check? [Y/n/q]" test = readInput(message, default="Y") if test[0] in ("n", "N"): return elif test[0] in ("q", "Q"): raise sqlmapUserQuitException else: return columnExists(paths.COMMON_COLUMNS) if not conf.tbl: errMsg = "missing table parameter" raise sqlmapMissingMandatoryOptionException, errMsg if "." in conf.tbl: conf.db, conf.tbl = conf.tbl.split(".") self.forceDbmsEnum() if not conf.db: warnMsg = "missing database parameter, sqlmap is going to " warnMsg += "use the current database to enumerate table " warnMsg += "'%s' columns" % conf.tbl logger.warn(warnMsg) conf.db = self.getCurrentDb() firebirdTypes = { "261":"BLOB", "14":"CHAR", "40":"CSTRING", "11":"D_FLOAT", "27":"DOUBLE", "10":"FLOAT", "16":"INT64", "8":"INTEGER", "9":"QUAD", "7":"SMALLINT", "12":"DATE", "13":"TIME", "35":"TIMESTAMP", "37":"VARCHAR" } rootQuery = queries[kb.dbms].columns condition = rootQuery.blind.condition infoMsg = "fetching columns " if conf.col: if kb.dbms == DBMS.ORACLE: conf.col = conf.col.upper() colList = conf.col.split(",") condQuery = " AND (" + " OR ".join("%s LIKE '%s'" % (condition, "%" + col + "%") for col in colList) + ")" infoMsg += "like '%s' " % ", ".join(col for col in colList) else: condQuery = "" infoMsg += "for table '%s' " % conf.tbl infoMsg += "on database '%s'" % conf.db logger.info(infoMsg) if kb.unionPosition is not None or conf.direct: if kb.dbms in ( DBMS.MYSQL, DBMS.POSTGRESQL ): query = rootQuery.inband.query % (conf.tbl, conf.db) query += condQuery elif kb.dbms == DBMS.ORACLE: query = rootQuery.inband.query % conf.tbl.upper() query += condQuery elif kb.dbms == DBMS.MSSQL: query = rootQuery.inband.query % (conf.db, conf.db, conf.db, conf.db, conf.db, conf.db, conf.db, conf.tbl) query += condQuery.replace("[DB]", conf.db) elif kb.dbms == DBMS.SQLITE: query = rootQuery.inband.query % conf.tbl value = inject.getValue(query, blind=False, error=False) if value: table = {} columns = {} if kb.dbms == DBMS.SQLITE: for match in re.finditer(getCompiledRegex(r"(\w+) ([A-Z]+)[,\r\n]"), value): columns[match.group(1)] = match.group(2) else: for column, colType in value: columns[column] = colType table[conf.tbl] = columns kb.data.cachedColumns[conf.db] = table if not kb.data.cachedColumns and not conf.direct: infoMsg = "fetching number of columns " infoMsg += "for table '%s'" % conf.tbl infoMsg += " on database '%s'" % conf.db logger.info(infoMsg) if kb.dbms in ( DBMS.MYSQL, DBMS.POSTGRESQL ): query = rootQuery.blind.count % (conf.tbl, conf.db) query += condQuery elif kb.dbms == DBMS.ORACLE: query = rootQuery.blind.count % conf.tbl.upper() query += condQuery elif kb.dbms == DBMS.MSSQL: query = rootQuery.blind.count % (conf.db, conf.db, conf.tbl) query += condQuery.replace("[DB]", conf.db) elif kb.dbms == DBMS.FIREBIRD: query = rootQuery.blind.count % (conf.tbl) query += condQuery count = inject.getValue(query, inband=False, expected="int", charsetType=2) if not count.isdigit() or not len(count) or count == "0": errMsg = "unable to retrieve the number of columns " errMsg += "for table '%s' " % conf.tbl errMsg += "on database '%s'" % conf.db raise sqlmapNoneDataException, errMsg table = {} columns = {} indexRange = getRange(count) for index in indexRange: if kb.dbms in ( DBMS.MYSQL, DBMS.POSTGRESQL ): query = rootQuery.blind.query % (conf.tbl, conf.db) query += condQuery field = None elif kb.dbms == DBMS.ORACLE: query = rootQuery.blind.query % (conf.tbl.upper()) query += condQuery field = None elif kb.dbms == DBMS.MSSQL: query = rootQuery.blind.query % (conf.db, conf.db, conf.db, conf.db, conf.db, conf.db, conf.tbl) query += condQuery.replace("[DB]", conf.db) field = condition.replace("[DB]", conf.db) elif kb.dbms == DBMS.FIREBIRD: query = rootQuery.blind.query % (conf.tbl) query += condQuery field = None query = agent.limitQuery(index, query, field) column = inject.getValue(query, inband=False) if not onlyColNames: if kb.dbms in ( DBMS.MYSQL, DBMS.POSTGRESQL ): query = rootQuery.blind.query2 % (conf.tbl, column, conf.db) elif kb.dbms == DBMS.ORACLE: query = rootQuery.blind.query2 % (conf.tbl.upper(), column) elif kb.dbms == DBMS.MSSQL: query = rootQuery.blind.query2 % (conf.db, conf.db, conf.db, conf.db, column, conf.db, conf.db, conf.db, conf.tbl) elif kb.dbms == DBMS.FIREBIRD: query = rootQuery.blind.query2 % (conf.tbl, column) colType = inject.getValue(query, inband=False) if kb.dbms == DBMS.FIREBIRD: colType = firebirdTypes[colType] if colType in firebirdTypes else colType columns[column] = colType else: columns[column] = None if columns: table[conf.tbl] = columns kb.data.cachedColumns[conf.db] = table if not kb.data.cachedColumns: errMsg = "unable to retrieve the columns " errMsg += "for table '%s' " % conf.tbl errMsg += "on database '%s'" % conf.db raise sqlmapNoneDataException, errMsg return kb.data.cachedColumns def dumpTable(self): if not conf.tbl and not conf.col: errMsg = "missing table parameter" raise sqlmapMissingMandatoryOptionException, errMsg if conf.col and not conf.tbl: warnMsg = "missing table parameter. You only provided " warnMsg += "column(s). sqlmap will search for all databases' " warnMsg += "tables containing the provided column(s)" logger.warn(warnMsg) self.searchColumn() return if "." in conf.tbl: conf.db, conf.tbl = conf.tbl.split(".") self.forceDbmsEnum() if not conf.db: warnMsg = "missing database parameter, sqlmap is going to " warnMsg += "use the current database to dump table " warnMsg += "'%s' entries" % conf.tbl logger.warn(warnMsg) conf.db = self.getCurrentDb() rootQuery = queries[kb.dbms].dump_table if conf.col: colList = conf.col.split(",") kb.data.cachedColumns[conf.db] = {} kb.data.cachedColumns[conf.db][conf.tbl] = {} for column in colList: kb.data.cachedColumns[conf.db][conf.tbl][column] = None elif not kb.data.cachedColumns: if kb.dbms == DBMS.MYSQL and not kb.data.has_information_schema: errMsg = "information_schema not available, " errMsg += "back-end DBMS is MySQL < 5.0" raise sqlmapUnsupportedFeatureException, errMsg kb.data.cachedColumns = self.getColumns(onlyColNames=True) colList = kb.data.cachedColumns[conf.db][conf.tbl].keys() colList.sort(key=lambda x: x.lower()) colString = ", ".join(column for column in colList) infoMsg = "fetching" if conf.col: infoMsg += " columns '%s'" % colString infoMsg += " entries for table '%s'" % conf.tbl infoMsg += " on database '%s'" % conf.db logger.info(infoMsg) entriesCount = 0 if kb.unionPosition is not None or conf.direct: if kb.dbms == DBMS.ORACLE: query = rootQuery.inband.query % (colString, conf.tbl.upper()) elif kb.dbms == DBMS.SQLITE: query = rootQuery.inband.query % (colString, conf.tbl) else: query = rootQuery.inband.query % (colString, conf.db, conf.tbl) entries = inject.getValue(query, blind=False, error=False, dump=True) if entries: if isinstance(entries, basestring): entries = [ entries ] entriesCount = len(entries) index = 0 for column in colList: colLen = len(column) if not kb.data.dumpedTable.has_key(column): kb.data.dumpedTable[column] = { "length": 0, "values": [] } for entry in entries: if entry is None or len(entry) == 0: continue if isinstance(entry, basestring): colEntry = entry else: colEntry = entry[index] if index < len(entry) else u'' colEntryLen = len(getUnicode(colEntry)) maxLen = max(colLen, colEntryLen) if maxLen > kb.data.dumpedTable[column]["length"]: kb.data.dumpedTable[column]["length"] = maxLen kb.data.dumpedTable[column]["values"].append(colEntry) index += 1 if not kb.data.dumpedTable and not conf.direct: infoMsg = "fetching number of " if conf.col: infoMsg += "columns '%s' " % colString infoMsg += "entries for table '%s' " % conf.tbl infoMsg += "on database '%s'" % conf.db logger.info(infoMsg) if kb.dbms == DBMS.ORACLE: query = rootQuery.blind.count % conf.tbl.upper() elif kb.dbms in (DBMS.SQLITE, DBMS.ACCESS): query = rootQuery.blind.count % conf.tbl else: query = rootQuery.blind.count % (conf.db, conf.tbl) count = inject.getValue(query, inband=False, expected="int", charsetType=2) if not count.isdigit() or not len(count) or count == "0": warnMsg = "unable to retrieve the number of " if conf.col: warnMsg += "columns '%s' " % colString warnMsg += "entries for table '%s' " % conf.tbl warnMsg += "on database '%s'" % conf.db logger.warn(warnMsg) return None lengths = {} entries = {} if kb.dbms in (DBMS.ORACLE, DBMS.MSSQL, DBMS.SYBASE): plusOne = True else: plusOne = False indexRange = getRange(count, dump=True, plusOne=plusOne) for index in indexRange: for column in colList: if column not in lengths: lengths[column] = 0 if column not in entries: entries[column] = [] if kb.dbms in ( DBMS.MYSQL, DBMS.POSTGRESQL ): query = rootQuery.blind.query % (column, conf.db, conf.tbl, index) elif kb.dbms == DBMS.ORACLE: query = rootQuery.blind.query % (column, column, conf.tbl.upper(), index) elif kb.dbms in (DBMS.MSSQL, DBMS.SYBASE): query = rootQuery.blind.query % (column, index, conf.db, conf.tbl, colList[0], colList[0], colList[0]) elif kb.dbms == DBMS.SQLITE: query = rootQuery.blind.query % (column, conf.tbl, index) value = inject.getValue(query, inband=False) lengths[column] = max(lengths[column], len(value)) entries[column].append(value) for column, columnEntries in entries.items(): if lengths[column] < len(column): length = len(column) else: length = lengths[column] kb.data.dumpedTable[column] = { "length": length, "values": columnEntries } entriesCount = len(columnEntries) if kb.data.dumpedTable: kb.data.dumpedTable["__infos__"] = { "count": entriesCount, "table": conf.tbl, "db": conf.db } else: warnMsg = "unable to retrieve the entries of " if conf.col: warnMsg += "columns '%s' " % colString warnMsg += "for table '%s' " % conf.tbl warnMsg += "on database '%s'" % conf.db logger.warn(warnMsg) return None return kb.data.dumpedTable def dumpAll(self): if kb.dbms == DBMS.MYSQL and not kb.data.has_information_schema: errMsg = "information_schema not available, " errMsg += "back-end DBMS is MySQL < 5.0" raise sqlmapUnsupportedFeatureException, errMsg conf.db = None conf.tbl = None conf.col = None kb.data.cachedDbs = [] kb.data.cachedTables = self.getTables() if kb.data.cachedTables: if isinstance(kb.data.cachedTables, list): kb.data.cachedTables = { None : kb.data.cachedTables } for db, tables in kb.data.cachedTables.items(): conf.db = db for table in tables: conf.tbl = table kb.data.cachedColumns = {} kb.data.dumpedTable = {} data = self.dumpTable() if data: conf.dumper.dbTableValues(data) def dumpFoundColumn(self, dbs, foundCols, colConsider): if not dbs: warnMsg = "no databases have tables containing any of the " warnMsg += "provided columns" logger.warn(warnMsg) return conf.dumper.dbColumns(foundCols, colConsider, dbs) message = "do you want to dump entries? [Y/n] " output = readInput(message, default="Y") if output and output[0] not in ("y", "Y"): return dumpFromDbs = [] message = "which database(s)?\n[a]ll (default)\n" for db, tblData in dbs.items(): if tblData: message += "[%s]\n" % db message += "[q]uit" test = readInput(message, default="a") if not test or test in ("a", "A"): dumpFromDbs = dbs.keys() elif test in ("q", "Q"): return else: dumpFromDbs = test.replace(" ", "").split(",") for db, tblData in dbs.items(): if db not in dumpFromDbs or not tblData: continue conf.db = db dumpFromTbls = [] message = "which table(s) of database '%s'?\n" % db message += "[a]ll (default)\n" for tbl in tblData: message += "[%s]\n" % tbl message += "[s]kip\n" message += "[q]uit" test = readInput(message, default="a") if not test or test in ("a", "A"): dumpFromTbls = tblData elif test in ("s", "S"): continue elif test in ("q", "Q"): return else: dumpFromTbls = test.replace(" ", "").split(",") for table, columns in tblData.items(): if table not in dumpFromTbls: continue conf.tbl = table conf.col = ",".join(column for column in columns) kb.data.cachedColumns = {} kb.data.dumpedTable = {} data = self.dumpTable() if data: conf.dumper.dbTableValues(data) def searchDb(self): foundDbs = [] rootQuery = queries[kb.dbms].search_db dbList = conf.db.split(",") if kb.dbms == DBMS.MYSQL and not kb.data.has_information_schema: dbCond = rootQuery.inband.condition2 else: dbCond = rootQuery.inband.condition dbConsider, dbCondParam = self.likeOrExact("database") for db in dbList: infoMsg = "searching database" if dbConsider == "1": infoMsg += "s like" infoMsg += " '%s'" % db logger.info(infoMsg) if conf.excludeSysDbs: exclDbsQuery = "".join(" AND '%s' != %s" % (db, dbCond) for db in self.excludeDbsList) infoMsg = "skipping system databases '%s'" % ", ".join(db for db in self.excludeDbsList) logger.info(infoMsg) else: exclDbsQuery = "" dbQuery = "%s%s" % (dbCond, dbCondParam) dbQuery = dbQuery % db if kb.unionPosition is not None or conf.direct: if kb.dbms == DBMS.MYSQL and not kb.data.has_information_schema: query = rootQuery.inband.query2 else: query = rootQuery.inband.query query += dbQuery query += exclDbsQuery values = inject.getValue(query, blind=False, error=False) if values: if isinstance(values, basestring): values = [ values ] for value in values: foundDbs.append(value) else: infoMsg = "fetching number of databases" if dbConsider == "1": infoMsg += "s like" infoMsg += " '%s'" % db logger.info(infoMsg) if kb.dbms == DBMS.MYSQL and not kb.data.has_information_schema: query = rootQuery.blind.count2 else: query = rootQuery.blind.count query += dbQuery query += exclDbsQuery count = inject.getValue(query, inband=False, expected="int", charsetType=2) if not count.isdigit() or not len(count) or count == "0": warnMsg = "no database" if dbConsider == "1": warnMsg += "s like" warnMsg += " '%s' found" % db logger.warn(warnMsg) continue indexRange = getRange(count) for index in indexRange: if kb.dbms == DBMS.MYSQL and not kb.data.has_information_schema: query = rootQuery.blind.query2 else: query = rootQuery.blind.query query += dbQuery query += exclDbsQuery query = agent.limitQuery(index, query, dbCond) foundDbs.append(inject.getValue(query, inband=False)) return foundDbs def searchTable(self): if kb.dbms == DBMS.MYSQL and not kb.data.has_information_schema: errMsg = "information_schema not available, " errMsg += "back-end DBMS is MySQL < 5.0" raise sqlmapUnsupportedFeatureException, errMsg rootQuery = queries[kb.dbms].search_table foundTbls = {} tblList = conf.tbl.split(",") tblCond = rootQuery.inband.condition dbCond = rootQuery.inband.condition2 tblConsider, tblCondParam = self.likeOrExact("table") for tbl in tblList: if kb.dbms == DBMS.ORACLE: tbl = tbl.upper() infoMsg = "searching table" if tblConsider == "1": infoMsg += "s like" infoMsg += " '%s'" % tbl logger.info(infoMsg) if conf.excludeSysDbs: exclDbsQuery = "".join(" AND '%s' != %s" % (db, dbCond) for db in self.excludeDbsList) infoMsg = "skipping system databases '%s'" % ", ".join(db for db in self.excludeDbsList) logger.info(infoMsg) else: exclDbsQuery = "" tblQuery = "%s%s" % (tblCond, tblCondParam) tblQuery = tblQuery % tbl if kb.unionPosition is not None or conf.direct: query = rootQuery.inband.query query += tblQuery query += exclDbsQuery values = inject.getValue(query, blind=False, error=False) if values: if isinstance(values, basestring): values = [ values ] for foundDb, foundTbl in values: if foundDb in foundTbls: foundTbls[foundDb].append(foundTbl) else: foundTbls[foundDb] = [ foundTbl ] else: infoMsg = "fetching number of databases with table" if tblConsider == "1": infoMsg += "s like" infoMsg += " '%s'" % tbl logger.info(infoMsg) query = rootQuery.blind.count query += tblQuery query += exclDbsQuery count = inject.getValue(query, inband=False, expected="int", charsetType=2) if not count.isdigit() or not len(count) or count == "0": warnMsg = "no databases have table" if tblConsider == "1": warnMsg += "s like" warnMsg += " '%s'" % tbl logger.warn(warnMsg) continue indexRange = getRange(count) for index in indexRange: query = rootQuery.blind.query query += tblQuery query += exclDbsQuery query = agent.limitQuery(index, query) foundDb = inject.getValue(query, inband=False) foundTbls[foundDb] = [] if tblConsider == "2": foundTbls[foundDb].append(tbl) if tblConsider == "2": continue for db in foundTbls.keys(): infoMsg = "fetching number of table" if tblConsider == "1": infoMsg += "s like" infoMsg += " '%s' in database '%s'" % (tbl, db) logger.info(infoMsg) query = rootQuery.blind.count2 query = query % db query += " AND %s" % tblQuery count = inject.getValue(query, inband=False, expected="int", charsetType=2) if not count.isdigit() or not len(count) or count == "0": warnMsg = "no table" if tblConsider == "1": warnMsg += "s like" warnMsg += " '%s' " % tbl warnMsg += "in database '%s'" % db logger.warn(warnMsg) continue indexRange = getRange(count) for index in indexRange: query = rootQuery.blind.query2 query = query % db query += " AND %s" % tblQuery query = agent.limitQuery(index, query) foundTbl = inject.getValue(query, inband=False) kb.hintValue = foundTbl foundTbls[db].append(foundTbl) return foundTbls def searchColumn(self): if kb.dbms == DBMS.MYSQL and not kb.data.has_information_schema: errMsg = "information_schema not available, " errMsg += "back-end DBMS is MySQL < 5.0" raise sqlmapUnsupportedFeatureException, errMsg rootQuery = queries[kb.dbms].search_column foundCols = {} dbs = {} colList = conf.col.split(",") colCond = rootQuery.inband.condition dbCond = rootQuery.inband.condition2 colConsider, colCondParam = self.likeOrExact("column") for column in colList: infoMsg = "searching column" if colConsider == "1": infoMsg += "s like" infoMsg += " '%s'" % column logger.info(infoMsg) foundCols[column] = {} if conf.excludeSysDbs: exclDbsQuery = "".join(" AND '%s' != %s" % (db, dbCond) for db in self.excludeDbsList) infoMsg = "skipping system databases '%s'" % ", ".join(db for db in self.excludeDbsList) logger.info(infoMsg) else: exclDbsQuery = "" colQuery = "%s%s" % (colCond, colCondParam) colQuery = colQuery % column if kb.unionPosition is not None or conf.direct: query = rootQuery.inband.query query += colQuery query += exclDbsQuery values = inject.getValue(query, blind=False, error=False) if values: if isinstance(values, basestring): values = [ values ] for foundDb, foundTbl in values: if foundDb not in dbs: dbs[foundDb] = {} if foundTbl not in dbs[foundDb]: dbs[foundDb][foundTbl] = {} if colConsider == "1": conf.db = foundDb conf.tbl = foundTbl conf.col = column self.getColumns(onlyColNames=True) dbs[foundDb][foundTbl].update(kb.data.cachedColumns[foundDb][foundTbl]) kb.data.cachedColumns = {} else: dbs[foundDb][foundTbl][column] = None if foundDb in foundCols[column]: foundCols[column][foundDb].append(foundTbl) else: foundCols[column][foundDb] = [ foundTbl ] else: infoMsg = "fetching number of databases with tables containing column" if colConsider == "1": infoMsg += "s like" infoMsg += " '%s'" % column logger.info(infoMsg) query = rootQuery.blind.count query += colQuery query += exclDbsQuery count = inject.getValue(query, inband=False, expected="int", charsetType=2) if not count.isdigit() or not len(count) or count == "0": warnMsg = "no databases have tables containing column" if colConsider == "1": warnMsg += "s like" warnMsg += " '%s'" % column logger.warn(warnMsg) continue indexRange = getRange(count) for index in indexRange: query = rootQuery.blind.query query += colQuery query += exclDbsQuery query = agent.limitQuery(index, query) db = inject.getValue(query, inband=False) if db not in dbs: dbs[db] = {} if db not in foundCols[column]: foundCols[column][db] = [] for column, dbData in foundCols.items(): colQuery = "%s%s" % (colCond, colCondParam) colQuery = colQuery % column for db in dbData: infoMsg = "fetching number of tables containing column" if colConsider == "1": infoMsg += "s like" infoMsg += " '%s' in database '%s'" % (column, db) logger.info(infoMsg) query = rootQuery.blind.count2 query = query % db query += " AND %s" % colQuery count = inject.getValue(query, inband=False, expected="int", charsetType=2) if not count.isdigit() or not len(count) or count == "0": warnMsg = "no tables contain column" if colConsider == "1": warnMsg += "s like" warnMsg += " '%s' " % column warnMsg += "in database '%s'" % db logger.warn(warnMsg) continue indexRange = getRange(count) for index in indexRange: query = rootQuery.blind.query2 query = query % db query += " AND %s" % colQuery query = agent.limitQuery(index, query) tbl = inject.getValue(query, inband=False) kb.hintValue = tbl if tbl not in dbs[db]: dbs[db][tbl] = {} if colConsider == "1": conf.db = db conf.tbl = tbl conf.col = column self.getColumns(onlyColNames=True) dbs[db][tbl].update(kb.data.cachedColumns[db][tbl]) kb.data.cachedColumns = {} else: dbs[db][tbl][column] = None foundCols[column][db].append(tbl) self.dumpFoundColumn(dbs, foundCols, colConsider) def search(self): if conf.db: conf.dumper.lister("found databases", self.searchDb()) if conf.tbl: conf.dumper.dbTables(self.searchTable()) if conf.col: self.searchColumn() if not conf.db and not conf.tbl and not conf.col: errMsg = "missing parameter, provide -D, -T or -C together " errMsg += "with --search" raise sqlmapMissingMandatoryOptionException, errMsg def sqlQuery(self, query): output = None sqlType = None for sqlTitle, sqlStatements in SQL_STATEMENTS.items(): for sqlStatement in sqlStatements: if query.lower().startswith(sqlStatement): sqlType = sqlTitle break message = "do you want to retrieve the SQL statement output? " message += "[Y/n] " getOutput = readInput(message, default="Y") if not getOutput or getOutput in ("y", "Y"): infoMsg = "fetching %s query output: '%s'" % (sqlType if sqlType is not None else "SQL", query) logger.info(infoMsg) output = inject.getValue(query, fromUser=True) return output else: if kb.stackedTest is None: stackedTest() if not kb.stackedTest and not conf.direct: warnMsg = "execution of custom SQL queries is only " warnMsg += "available when stacked queries are supported" logger.warn(warnMsg) return None else: if sqlType: infoMsg = "executing %s query: '%s'" % (sqlType if sqlType is not None else "SQL", query) else: infoMsg = "executing unknown SQL type query: '%s'" % query logger.info(infoMsg) inject.goStacked(query) infoMsg = "done" logger.info(infoMsg) output = False return output def sqlShell(self): infoMsg = "calling %s shell. To quit type " % kb.dbms infoMsg += "'x' or 'q' and press ENTER" logger.info(infoMsg) autoCompletion(sqlShell=True) while True: query = None try: query = raw_input("sql-shell> ") query = utf8decode(query) except KeyboardInterrupt: print errMsg = "user aborted" logger.error(errMsg) except EOFError: print errMsg = "exit" logger.error(errMsg) break if not query: continue if query.lower() in ( "x", "q", "exit", "quit" ): break output = self.sqlQuery(query) if output and output != "Quit": conf.dumper.query(query, output) elif not output: pass elif output != "Quit": dataToStdout("No output\n")