mirror of
https://github.com/encode/django-rest-framework.git
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174 lines
6.1 KiB
Markdown
174 lines
6.1 KiB
Markdown
# Quickstart
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We're going to create a simple API to allow admin users to view and edit the users and groups in the system.
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## Project setup
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Create a new Django project named `tutorial`, then start a new app called `quickstart`.
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# Create the project directory
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mkdir tutorial
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cd tutorial
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# Create a virtualenv to isolate our package dependencies locally
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virtualenv env
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source env/bin/activate # On Windows use `env\Scripts\activate`
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# Install Django and Django REST framework into the virtualenv
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pip install django
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pip install djangorestframework
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# Set up a new project with a single application
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django-admin.py startproject tutorial .
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cd tutorial
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django-admin.py startapp quickstart
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cd ..
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Now sync your database for the first time:
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python manage.py syncdb
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Make sure to create an initial user named `admin` with a password of `password`. We'll authenticate as that user later in our example.
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Once you've set up a database and got everything synced and ready to go, open up the app's directory and we'll get coding...
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## Serializers
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First up we're going to define some serializers. Let's create a new module named `tutorial/quickstart/serializers.py` that we'll use for our data representations.
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from django.contrib.auth.models import User, Group
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from rest_framework import serializers
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class UserSerializer(serializers.HyperlinkedModelSerializer):
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class Meta:
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model = User
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fields = ('url', 'username', 'email', 'groups')
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class GroupSerializer(serializers.HyperlinkedModelSerializer):
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class Meta:
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model = Group
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fields = ('url', 'name')
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Notice that we're using hyperlinked relations in this case, with `HyperlinkedModelSerializer`. You can also use primary key and various other relationships, but hyperlinking is good RESTful design.
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## Views
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Right, we'd better write some views then. Open `tutorial/quickstart/views.py` and get typing.
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from django.contrib.auth.models import User, Group
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from rest_framework import viewsets
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from tutorial.quickstart.serializers import UserSerializer, GroupSerializer
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class UserViewSet(viewsets.ModelViewSet):
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"""
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API endpoint that allows users to be viewed or edited.
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"""
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queryset = User.objects.all()
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serializer_class = UserSerializer
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class GroupViewSet(viewsets.ModelViewSet):
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"""
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API endpoint that allows groups to be viewed or edited.
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"""
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queryset = Group.objects.all()
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serializer_class = GroupSerializer
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Rather than write multiple views we're grouping together all the common behavior into classes called `ViewSets`.
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We can easily break these down into individual views if we need to, but using viewsets keeps the view logic nicely organized as well as being very concise.
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Notice that our viewset classes here are a little different from those in the [frontpage example][readme-example-api], as they include `queryset` and `serializer_class` attributes, instead of a `model` attribute.
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For trivial cases you can simply set a `model` attribute on the `ViewSet` class and the serializer and queryset will be automatically generated for you. Setting the `queryset` and/or `serializer_class` attributes gives you more explicit control of the API behaviour, and is the recommended style for most applications.
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## URLs
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Okay, now let's wire up the API URLs. On to `tutorial/urls.py`...
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from django.conf.urls import url, include
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from rest_framework import routers
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from tutorial.quickstart import views
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router = routers.DefaultRouter()
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router.register(r'users', views.UserViewSet)
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router.register(r'groups', views.GroupViewSet)
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# Wire up our API using automatic URL routing.
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# Additionally, we include login URLs for the browseable API.
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urlpatterns = [
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url(r'^', include(router.urls)),
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url(r'^api-auth/', include('rest_framework.urls', namespace='rest_framework'))
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]
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Because we're using viewsets instead of views, we can automatically generate the URL conf for our API, by simply registering the viewsets with a router class.
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Again, if we need more control over the API URLs we can simply drop down to using regular class based views, and writing the URL conf explicitly.
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Finally, we're including default login and logout views for use with the browsable API. That's optional, but useful if your API requires authentication and you want to use the browsable API.
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## Settings
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We'd also like to set a few global settings. We'd like to turn on pagination, and we want our API to only be accessible to admin users. The settings module will be in `tutorial/settings.py`
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INSTALLED_APPS = (
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...
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'rest_framework',
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)
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REST_FRAMEWORK = {
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'DEFAULT_PERMISSION_CLASSES': ('rest_framework.permissions.IsAdminUser',),
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'PAGINATE_BY': 10
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}
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Okay, we're done.
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---
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## Testing our API
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We're now ready to test the API we've built. Let's fire up the server from the command line.
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python ./manage.py runserver
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We can now access our API, both from the command-line, using tools like `curl`...
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bash: curl -H 'Accept: application/json; indent=4' -u admin:password http://127.0.0.1:8000/users/
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{
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"count": 2,
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"next": null,
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"previous": null,
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"results": [
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{
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"email": "admin@example.com",
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"groups": [],
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"url": "http://127.0.0.1:8000/users/1/",
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"username": "admin"
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},
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{
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"email": "tom@example.com",
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"groups": [ ],
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"url": "http://127.0.0.1:8000/users/2/",
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"username": "tom"
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}
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]
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}
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Or directly through the browser...
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![Quick start image][image]
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If you're working through the browser, make sure to login using the control in the top right corner.
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Great, that was easy!
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If you want to get a more in depth understanding of how REST framework fits together head on over to [the tutorial][tutorial], or start browsing the [API guide][guide].
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[readme-example-api]: ../#example
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[image]: ../img/quickstart.png
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[tutorial]: 1-serialization.md
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[guide]: ../#api-guide
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