mirror of
https://github.com/encode/django-rest-framework.git
synced 2024-11-14 13:46:59 +03:00
180 lines
6.2 KiB
Markdown
180 lines
6.2 KiB
Markdown
# Quickstart
|
|
|
|
We're going to create a simple API to allow admin users to view and edit the users and groups in the system.
|
|
|
|
## Project setup
|
|
|
|
Create a new Django project named `tutorial`, then start a new app called `quickstart`.
|
|
|
|
# Set up a new project
|
|
django-admin.py startproject tutorial
|
|
cd tutorial
|
|
|
|
# Create a virtualenv to isolate our package dependencies locally
|
|
virtualenv env
|
|
source env/bin/activate # On Windows use `env\Scripts\activate`
|
|
|
|
# Install Django and Django REST framework into the virtualenv
|
|
pip install django
|
|
pip install djangorestframework
|
|
|
|
# Create a new app
|
|
python manage.py startapp quickstart
|
|
|
|
Next you'll need to get a database set up and synced. If you just want to use SQLite for now, then you'll want to edit your `tutorial/settings.py` module to include something like this:
|
|
|
|
DATABASES = {
|
|
'default': {
|
|
'ENGINE': 'django.db.backends.sqlite3',
|
|
'NAME': 'database.sql',
|
|
'USER': '',
|
|
'PASSWORD': '',
|
|
'HOST': '',
|
|
'PORT': ''
|
|
}
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
The run `syncdb` like so:
|
|
|
|
python manage.py syncdb
|
|
|
|
Once you've set up a database and got everything synced and ready to go, open up the app's directory and we'll get coding...
|
|
|
|
## Serializers
|
|
|
|
First up we're going to define some serializers in `quickstart/serializers.py` that we'll use for our data representations.
|
|
|
|
from django.contrib.auth.models import User, Group
|
|
from rest_framework import serializers
|
|
|
|
|
|
class UserSerializer(serializers.HyperlinkedModelSerializer):
|
|
class Meta:
|
|
model = User
|
|
fields = ('url', 'username', 'email', 'groups')
|
|
|
|
|
|
class GroupSerializer(serializers.HyperlinkedModelSerializer):
|
|
class Meta:
|
|
model = Group
|
|
fields = ('url', 'name')
|
|
|
|
Notice that we're using hyperlinked relations in this case, with `HyperlinkedModelSerializer`. You can also use primary key and various other relationships, but hyperlinking is good RESTful design.
|
|
|
|
## Views
|
|
|
|
Right, we'd better write some views then. Open `quickstart/views.py` and get typing.
|
|
|
|
from django.contrib.auth.models import User, Group
|
|
from rest_framework import viewsets
|
|
from quickstart.serializers import UserSerializer, GroupSerializer
|
|
|
|
|
|
class UserViewSet(viewsets.ModelViewSet):
|
|
"""
|
|
API endpoint that allows users to be viewed or edited.
|
|
"""
|
|
queryset = User.objects.all()
|
|
serializer_class = UserSerializer
|
|
|
|
|
|
class GroupViewSet(viewsets.ModelViewSet):
|
|
"""
|
|
API endpoint that allows groups to be viewed or edited.
|
|
"""
|
|
queryset = Group.objects.all()
|
|
serializer_class = GroupSerializer
|
|
|
|
Rather than write multiple views we're grouping together all the common behavior into classes called `ViewSets`.
|
|
|
|
We can easily break these down into individual views if we need to, but using viewsets keeps the view logic nicely organized as well as being very concise.
|
|
|
|
Notice that our viewset classes here are a little different from those in the [frontpage example][readme-example-api], as they include `queryset` and `serializer_class` attributes, instead of a `model` attribute.
|
|
|
|
For trivial cases you can simply set a `model` attribute on the `ViewSet` class and the serializer and queryset will be automatically generated for you. Setting the `queryset` and/or `serializer_class` attributes gives you more explicit control of the API behaviour, and is the recommended style for most applications.
|
|
|
|
## URLs
|
|
|
|
Okay, now let's wire up the API URLs. On to `tutorial/urls.py`...
|
|
|
|
from django.conf.urls import patterns, url, include
|
|
from rest_framework import routers
|
|
from quickstart import views
|
|
|
|
router = routers.DefaultRouter()
|
|
router.register(r'users', views.UserViewSet)
|
|
router.register(r'groups', views.GroupViewSet)
|
|
|
|
# Wire up our API using automatic URL routing.
|
|
# Additionally, we include login URLs for the browseable API.
|
|
urlpatterns = patterns('',
|
|
url(r'^', include(router.urls)),
|
|
url(r'^api-auth/', include('rest_framework.urls', namespace='rest_framework'))
|
|
)
|
|
|
|
Because we're using viewsets instead of views, we can automatically generate the URL conf for our API, by simply registering the viewsets with a router class.
|
|
|
|
Again, if we need more control over the API URLs we can simply drop down to using regular class based views, and writing the URL conf explicitly.
|
|
|
|
Finally, we're including default login and logout views for use with the browsable API. That's optional, but useful if your API requires authentication and you want to use the browsable API.
|
|
|
|
## Settings
|
|
|
|
We'd also like to set a few global settings. We'd like to turn on pagination, and we want our API to only be accessible to admin users. The settings module will be in `tutorial/settings.py`
|
|
|
|
INSTALLED_APPS = (
|
|
...
|
|
'rest_framework',
|
|
)
|
|
|
|
REST_FRAMEWORK = {
|
|
'DEFAULT_PERMISSION_CLASSES': ('rest_framework.permissions.IsAdminUser',),
|
|
'PAGINATE_BY': 10
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
Okay, we're done.
|
|
|
|
---
|
|
|
|
## Testing our API
|
|
|
|
We're now ready to test the API we've built. Let's fire up the server from the command line.
|
|
|
|
python ./manage.py runserver
|
|
|
|
We can now access our API, both from the command-line, using tools like `curl`...
|
|
|
|
bash: curl -H 'Accept: application/json; indent=4' -u admin:password http://127.0.0.1:8000/users/
|
|
{
|
|
"count": 2,
|
|
"next": null,
|
|
"previous": null,
|
|
"results": [
|
|
{
|
|
"email": "admin@example.com",
|
|
"groups": [],
|
|
"url": "http://127.0.0.1:8000/users/1/",
|
|
"username": "admin"
|
|
},
|
|
{
|
|
"email": "tom@example.com",
|
|
"groups": [ ],
|
|
"url": "http://127.0.0.1:8000/users/2/",
|
|
"username": "tom"
|
|
}
|
|
]
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
Or directly through the browser...
|
|
|
|
![Quick start image][image]
|
|
|
|
Great, that was easy!
|
|
|
|
If you want to get a more in depth understanding of how REST framework fits together head on over to [the tutorial][tutorial], or start browsing the [API guide][guide].
|
|
|
|
[readme-example-api]: ../#example
|
|
[image]: ../img/quickstart.png
|
|
[tutorial]: 1-serialization.md
|
|
[guide]: ../#api-guide
|