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211 lines
8.6 KiB
Markdown
211 lines
8.6 KiB
Markdown
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# Django REST framework 3.9
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The 3.9 release gives access to _extra actions_ in the Browsable API, introduces composable permissions and built-in [OpenAPI][openapi] schema support. (Formerly known as Swagger)
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---
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## Funding
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If you use REST framework commercially and would like to see this work continue, we strongly encourage you to invest in its continued development by
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**[signing up for a paid plan][funding]**.
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<ul class="premium-promo promo">
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<li><a href="https://www.rover.com/careers/" style="background-image: url(https://fund-rest-framework.s3.amazonaws.com/rover_130x130.png)">Rover.com</a></li>
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<li><a href="https://sentry.io/welcome/" style="background-image: url(https://fund-rest-framework.s3.amazonaws.com/sentry130.png)">Sentry</a></li>
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<li><a href="https://getstream.io/try-the-api/?utm_source=drf&utm_medium=banner&utm_campaign=drf" style="background-image: url(https://fund-rest-framework.s3.amazonaws.com/stream-130.png)">Stream</a></li>
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<li><a href="https://auklet.io" style="background-image: url(https://fund-rest-framework.s3.amazonaws.com/auklet-new.png)">Auklet</a></li>
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<li><a href="https://rollbar.com" style="background-image: url(https://fund-rest-framework.s3.amazonaws.com/rollbar2.png)">Rollbar</a></li>
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<li><a href="https://cadre.com" style="background-image: url(https://fund-rest-framework.s3.amazonaws.com/cadre.png)">Cadre</a></li>
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<li><a href="https://loadimpact.com/?utm_campaign=Sponsorship%20links&utm_source=drf&utm_medium=drf" style="background-image: url(https://fund-rest-framework.s3.amazonaws.com/load-impact.png)">Load Impact</a></li>
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<li><a href="https://hubs.ly/H0f30Lf0" style="background-image: url(https://fund-rest-framework.s3.amazonaws.com/kloudless.png)">Kloudless</a></li>
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</ul>
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<div style="clear: both; padding-bottom: 20px;"></div>
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*Many thanks to all our [wonderful sponsors][sponsors], and in particular to our premium backers, [Rover](https://www.rover.com/careers/), [Sentry](https://sentry.io/welcome/), [Stream](https://getstream.io/?utm_source=drf&utm_medium=banner&utm_campaign=drf), [Auklet](https://auklet.io/), [Rollbar](https://rollbar.com), [Cadre](https://cadre.com), [Load Impact](https://loadimpact.com/?utm_campaign=Sponsorship%20links&utm_source=drf&utm_medium=drf), and [Kloudless](https://hubs.ly/H0f30Lf0).*
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---
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## Built-in OpenAPI schema support
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REST framework now has a first-pass at directly including OpenAPI schema support. (Formerly known as Swagger)
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Specifically:
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* There are now `OpenAPIRenderer`, and `JSONOpenAPIRenderer` classes that deal with encoding `coreapi.Document` instances into OpenAPI YAML or OpenAPI JSON.
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* The `get_schema_view(...)` method now defaults to OpenAPI YAML, with CoreJSON as a secondary
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option if it is selected via HTTP content negotiation.
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* There is a new management command `generateschema`, which you can use to dump
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the schema into your repository.
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Here's an example of adding an OpenAPI schema to the URL conf:
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```python
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from rest_framework.schemas import get_schema_view
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from rest_framework.renderers import JSONOpenAPIRenderer
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from django.urls import path
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schema_view = get_schema_view(
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title="Server Monitoring API",
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url="https://www.example.org/api/",
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renderer_classes=[JSONOpenAPIRenderer],
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)
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urlpatterns = [path("schema.json", schema_view), ...]
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```
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And here's how you can use the `generateschema` management command:
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```shell
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$ python manage.py generateschema --format openapi > schema.yml
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```
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There's lots of different tooling that you can use for working with OpenAPI
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schemas. One option that we're working on is the [API Star](https://docs.apistar.com/)
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command line tool.
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You can use `apistar` to validate your API schema:
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```shell
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$ apistar validate --path schema.json --format openapi
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✓ Valid OpenAPI schema.
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```
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Or to build API documentation:
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```shell
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$ apistar docs --path schema.json --format openapi
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✓ Documentation built at "build/index.html".
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```
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API Star also includes a [dynamic client library](https://docs.apistar.com/client-library/)
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that uses an API schema to automatically provide a client library interface for making requests.
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## Composable permission classes
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You can now compose permission classes using the and/or operators, `&` and `|`.
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For example...
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```python
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permission_classes = [IsAuthenticated & (ReadOnly | IsAdminUser)]
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```
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If you're using custom permission classes then make sure that you are subclassing
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from `BasePermission` in order to enable this support.
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## ViewSet _Extra Actions_ available in the Browsable API
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Following the introduction of the `action` decorator in v3.8, _extra actions_ defined on a ViewSet are now available
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from the Browsable API.
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When defined, a dropdown of "Extra Actions", appropriately filtered to detail/non-detail actions, is displayed.
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---
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## Supported Versions
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REST framework 3.9 supports Django versions 1.11, 2.0, and 2.1.
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---
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## Deprecations
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### `DjangoObjectPermissionsFilter` moved to third-party package.
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The `DjangoObjectPermissionsFilter` class is pending deprecation, will be deprecated in 3.10 and removed entirely in 3.11.
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It has been moved to the third-party [`djangorestframework-guardian`](https://github.com/rpkilby/django-rest-framework-guardian)
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package. Please use this instead.
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### Router argument/method renamed to use `basename` for consistency.
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* The `Router.register` `base_name` argument has been renamed in favor of `basename`.
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* The `Router.get_default_base_name` method has been renamed in favor of `Router.get_default_basename`. [#5990][gh5990]
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See [#5990][gh5990].
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[gh5990]: https://github.com/encode/django-rest-framework/pull/5990
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`base_name` and `get_default_base_name()` are pending deprecation. They will be deprecated in 3.10 and removed entirely in 3.11.
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### `action` decorator replaces `list_route` and `detail_route`
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Both `list_route` and `detail_route` are now deprecated in favour of the single `action` decorator.
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They will be removed entirely in 3.10.
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The `action` decorator takes a boolean `detail` argument.
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* Replace `detail_route` uses with `@action(detail=True)`.
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* Replace `list_route` uses with `@action(detail=False)`.
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### `exclude_from_schema`
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Both `APIView.exclude_from_schema` and the `exclude_from_schema` argument to the `@api_view` have now been removed.
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For `APIView` you should instead set a `schema = None` attribute on the view class.
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For function-based views the `@schema` decorator can be used to exclude the view from the schema, by using `@schema(None)`.
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---
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## Minor fixes and improvements
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There are a large number of minor fixes and improvements in this release. See the [release notes](release-notes.md) page for a complete listing.
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## What's next
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We're planning to iteratively work towards OpenAPI becoming the standard schema
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representation. This will mean that the `coreapi` dependency will gradually become
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removed, and we'll instead generate the schema directly, rather than building
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a CoreAPI `Document` object.
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OpenAPI has clearly become the standard for specifying Web APIs, so there's not
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much value any more in our schema-agnostic document model. Making this change
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will mean that we'll more easily be able to take advantage of the full set of
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OpenAPI functionality.
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This will also make a wider range of tooling available.
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We'll focus on continuing to develop the [API Star](https://docs.apistar.com/)
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library and client tool into a recommended option for generating API docs,
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validating API schemas, and providing a dynamic client library.
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There's also a huge amount of ongoing work on maturing the ASGI landscape,
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with the possibility that some of this work will eventually [feed back into
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Django](https://www.aeracode.org/2018/06/04/django-async-roadmap/).
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There will be further work on the [Uvicorn](https://www.uvicorn.org/)
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web server, as well as lots of functionality planned for the [Starlette](https://www.starlette.io/)
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web framework, which is building a foundational set of tooling for working with
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ASGI.
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[funding]: funding.md
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[gh5886]: https://github.com/encode/django-rest-framework/issues/5886
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[gh5705]: https://github.com/encode/django-rest-framework/issues/5705
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[openapi]: https://www.openapis.org/
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[sponsors]: https://fund.django-rest-framework.org/topics/funding/#our-sponsors
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