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221 lines
8.3 KiB
Markdown
221 lines
8.3 KiB
Markdown
# HTML & Forms
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REST framework is suitable for returning both API style responses, and regular HTML pages. Additionally, serializers can be used as HTML forms and rendered in templates.
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## Rendering HTML
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In order to return HTML responses you'll need to use either `TemplateHTMLRenderer`, or `StaticHTMLRenderer`.
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The `TemplateHTMLRenderer` class expects the response to contain a dictionary of context data, and renders an HTML page based on a template that must be specified either in the view or on the response.
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The `StaticHTMLRender` class expects the response to contain a string of the pre-rendered HTML content.
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Because static HTML pages typically have different behavior from API responses you'll probably need to write any HTML views explicitly, rather than relying on the built-in generic views.
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Here's an example of a view that returns a list of "Profile" instances, rendered in an HTML template:
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**views.py**:
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from my_project.example.models import Profile
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from rest_framework.renderers import TemplateHTMLRenderer
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from rest_framework.response import Response
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from rest_framework.views import APIView
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class ProfileList(APIView):
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renderer_classes = [TemplateHTMLRenderer]
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template_name = 'profile_list.html'
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def get(self, request):
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queryset = Profile.objects.all()
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return Response({'profiles': queryset})
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**profile_list.html**:
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<html><body>
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<h1>Profiles</h1>
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<ul>
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{% for profile in profiles %}
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<li>{{ profile.name }}</li>
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{% endfor %}
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</ul>
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</body></html>
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## Rendering Forms
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Serializers may be rendered as forms by using the `render_form` template tag, and including the serializer instance as context to the template.
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The following view demonstrates an example of using a serializer in a template for viewing and updating a model instance:
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**views.py**:
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from django.shortcuts import get_object_or_404
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from my_project.example.models import Profile
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from rest_framework.renderers import TemplateHTMLRenderer
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from rest_framework.views import APIView
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class ProfileDetail(APIView):
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renderer_classes = [TemplateHTMLRenderer]
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template_name = 'profile_detail.html'
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def get(self, request, pk):
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profile = get_object_or_404(Profile, pk=pk)
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serializer = ProfileSerializer(profile)
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return Response({'serializer': serializer, 'profile': profile})
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def post(self, request, pk):
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profile = get_object_or_404(Profile, pk=pk)
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serializer = ProfileSerializer(profile, data=request.data)
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if not serializer.is_valid():
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return Response({'serializer': serializer, 'profile': profile})
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serializer.save()
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return redirect('profile-list')
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**profile_detail.html**:
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{% load rest_framework %}
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<html><body>
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<h1>Profile - {{ profile.name }}</h1>
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<form action="{% url 'profile-detail' pk=profile.pk %}" method="POST">
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{% csrf_token %}
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{% render_form serializer %}
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<input type="submit" value="Save">
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</form>
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</body></html>
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### Using template packs
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The `render_form` tag takes an optional `template_pack` argument, that specifies which template directory should be used for rendering the form and form fields.
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REST framework includes three built-in template packs, all based on Bootstrap 3. The built-in styles are `horizontal`, `vertical`, and `inline`. The default style is `horizontal`. To use any of these template packs you'll want to also include the Bootstrap 3 CSS.
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The following HTML will link to a CDN hosted version of the Bootstrap 3 CSS:
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<head>
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…
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<link rel="stylesheet" href="https://maxcdn.bootstrapcdn.com/bootstrap/3.3.5/css/bootstrap.min.css">
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</head>
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Third party packages may include alternate template packs, by bundling a template directory containing the necessary form and field templates.
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Let's take a look at how to render each of the three available template packs. For these examples we'll use a single serializer class to present a "Login" form.
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class LoginSerializer(serializers.Serializer):
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email = serializers.EmailField(
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max_length=100,
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style={'placeholder': 'Email', 'autofocus': True}
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)
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password = serializers.CharField(
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max_length=100,
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style={'input_type': 'password', 'placeholder': 'Password'}
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)
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remember_me = serializers.BooleanField()
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---
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#### `rest_framework/vertical`
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Presents form labels above their corresponding control inputs, using the standard Bootstrap layout.
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*This is the default template pack.*
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{% load rest_framework %}
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...
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<form action="{% url 'login' %}" method="post" novalidate>
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{% csrf_token %}
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{% render_form serializer template_pack='rest_framework/vertical' %}
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<button type="submit" class="btn btn-default">Sign in</button>
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</form>
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---
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#### `rest_framework/horizontal`
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Presents labels and controls alongside each other, using a 2/10 column split.
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*This is the form style used in the browsable API and admin renderers.*
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{% load rest_framework %}
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...
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<form class="form-horizontal" action="{% url 'login' %}" method="post" novalidate>
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{% csrf_token %}
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{% render_form serializer %}
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<div class="form-group">
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<div class="col-sm-offset-2 col-sm-10">
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<button type="submit" class="btn btn-default">Sign in</button>
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</div>
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</div>
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</form>
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---
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#### `rest_framework/inline`
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A compact form style that presents all the controls inline.
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{% load rest_framework %}
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...
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<form class="form-inline" action="{% url 'login' %}" method="post" novalidate>
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{% csrf_token %}
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{% render_form serializer template_pack='rest_framework/inline' %}
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<button type="submit" class="btn btn-default">Sign in</button>
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</form>
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## Field styles
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Serializer fields can have their rendering style customized by using the `style` keyword argument. This argument is a dictionary of options that control the template and layout used.
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The most common way to customize the field style is to use the `base_template` style keyword argument to select which template in the template pack should be use.
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For example, to render a `CharField` as an HTML textarea rather than the default HTML input, you would use something like this:
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details = serializers.CharField(
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max_length=1000,
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style={'base_template': 'textarea.html'}
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)
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If you instead want a field to be rendered using a custom template that is *not part of an included template pack*, you can instead use the `template` style option, to fully specify a template name:
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details = serializers.CharField(
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max_length=1000,
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style={'template': 'my-field-templates/custom-input.html'}
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)
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Field templates can also use additional style properties, depending on their type. For example, the `textarea.html` template also accepts a `rows` property that can be used to affect the sizing of the control.
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details = serializers.CharField(
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max_length=1000,
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style={'base_template': 'textarea.html', 'rows': 10}
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)
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The complete list of `base_template` options and their associated style options is listed below.
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base_template | Valid field types | Additional style options
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----|----|----
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input.html | Any string, numeric or date/time field | input_type, placeholder, hide_label, autofocus
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textarea.html | `CharField` | rows, placeholder, hide_label
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select.html | `ChoiceField` or relational field types | hide_label
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radio.html | `ChoiceField` or relational field types | inline, hide_label
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select_multiple.html | `MultipleChoiceField` or relational fields with `many=True` | hide_label
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checkbox_multiple.html | `MultipleChoiceField` or relational fields with `many=True` | inline, hide_label
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checkbox.html | `BooleanField` | hide_label
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fieldset.html | Nested serializer | hide_label
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list_fieldset.html | `ListField` or nested serializer with `many=True` | hide_label
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