mirror of
https://github.com/encode/django-rest-framework.git
synced 2024-11-14 05:36:50 +03:00
127 lines
6.1 KiB
Markdown
127 lines
6.1 KiB
Markdown
<a class="github" href="authentication.py"></a>
|
|
|
|
# Authentication
|
|
|
|
> Auth needs to be pluggable.
|
|
>
|
|
> — Jacob Kaplan-Moss, ["REST worst practices"][cite]
|
|
|
|
Authentication is the mechanism of associating an incoming request with a set of identifying credentials, such as the user the request came from, or the token that it was signed with. The [permission] and [throttling] policies can then use those credentials to determine if the request should be permitted.
|
|
|
|
REST framework provides a number of authentication policies out of the box, and also allows you to implement custom policies.
|
|
|
|
Authentication will run the first time either the `request.user` or `request.auth` properties are accessed, and determines how those properties are initialized.
|
|
|
|
The `request.user` property will typically be set to an instance of the `contrib.auth` package's `User` class.
|
|
|
|
The `request.auth` property is used for any additional authentication information, for example, it may be used to represent an authentication token that the request was signed with.
|
|
|
|
## How authentication is determined
|
|
|
|
The authentication policy is always defined as a list of classes. REST framework will attempt to authenticate with each class in the list, and will set `request.user` and `request.auth` using the return value of the first class that successfully authenticates.
|
|
|
|
If no class authenticates, `request.user` will be set to an instance of `django.contrib.auth.models.AnonymousUser`, and `request.auth` will be set to `None`.
|
|
|
|
The value of `request.user` and `request.auth` for unauthenticated requests can be modified using the `UNAUTHENTICATED_USER` and `UNAUTHENTICATED_TOKEN` settings.
|
|
|
|
## Setting the authentication policy
|
|
|
|
The default authentication policy may be set globally, using the `DEFAULT_AUTHENTICATION_CLASSES` setting. For example.
|
|
|
|
REST_FRAMEWORK = {
|
|
'DEFAULT_AUTHENTICATION_CLASSES': (
|
|
'rest_framework.authentication.BasicAuthentication',
|
|
'rest_framework.authentication.SessionAuthentication',
|
|
)
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
You can also set the authentication policy on a per-view basis, using the `APIView` class based views.
|
|
|
|
class ExampleView(APIView):
|
|
authentication_classes = (SessionAuthentication, BasicAuthentication)
|
|
permission_classes = (IsAuthenticated,)
|
|
|
|
def get(self, request, format=None):
|
|
content = {
|
|
'user': unicode(request.user), # `django.contrib.auth.User` instance.
|
|
'auth': unicode(request.auth), # None
|
|
}
|
|
return Response(content)
|
|
|
|
Or, if you're using the `@api_view` decorator with function based views.
|
|
|
|
@api_view(['GET'])
|
|
@authentication_classes((SessionAuthentication, BasicAuthentication))
|
|
@permissions_classes((IsAuthenticated,))
|
|
def example_view(request, format=None):
|
|
content = {
|
|
'user': unicode(request.user), # `django.contrib.auth.User` instance.
|
|
'auth': unicode(request.auth), # None
|
|
}
|
|
return Response(content)
|
|
|
|
# API Reference
|
|
|
|
## BasicAuthentication
|
|
|
|
This policy uses [HTTP Basic Authentication][basicauth], signed against a user's username and password. Basic authentication is generally only appropriate for testing.
|
|
|
|
If successfully authenticated, `BasicAuthentication` provides the following credentials.
|
|
|
|
* `request.user` will be a `django.contrib.auth.models.User` instance.
|
|
* `request.auth` will be `None`.
|
|
|
|
**Note:** If you use `BasicAuthentication` in production you must ensure that your API is only available over `https` only. You should also ensure that your API clients will always re-request the username and password at login, and will never store those details to persistent storage.
|
|
|
|
## TokenAuthentication
|
|
|
|
This policy uses a simple token-based HTTP Authentication scheme. Token authentication is appropriate for client-server setups, such as native desktop and mobile clients.
|
|
|
|
To use the `TokenAuthentication` policy, include `rest_framework.authtoken` in your `INSTALLED_APPS` setting.
|
|
|
|
You'll also need to create tokens for your users.
|
|
|
|
from rest_framework.authtoken.models import Token
|
|
|
|
token = Token.objects.create(user=...)
|
|
print token.key
|
|
|
|
For clients to authenticate, the token key should be included in the `Authorization` HTTP header. The key should be prefixed by the string literal "Token", with whitespace separating the two strings. For example:
|
|
|
|
Authorization: Token 9944b09199c62bcf9418ad846dd0e4bbdfc6ee4b
|
|
|
|
If successfully authenticated, `TokenAuthentication` provides the following credentials.
|
|
|
|
* `request.user` will be a `django.contrib.auth.models.User` instance.
|
|
* `request.auth` will be a `rest_framework.tokenauth.models.BasicToken` instance.
|
|
|
|
**Note:** If you use `TokenAuthentication` in production you must ensure that your API is only available over `https` only.
|
|
|
|
## OAuthAuthentication
|
|
|
|
This policy uses the [OAuth 2.0][oauth] protocol to authenticate requests. OAuth is appropriate for server-server setups, such as when you want to allow a third-party service to access your API on a user's behalf.
|
|
|
|
If successfully authenticated, `OAuthAuthentication` provides the following credentials.
|
|
|
|
* `request.user` will be a `django.contrib.auth.models.User` instance.
|
|
* `request.auth` will be a `rest_framework.models.OAuthToken` instance.
|
|
|
|
## SessionAuthentication
|
|
|
|
This policy uses Django's default session backend for authentication. Session authentication is appropriate for AJAX clients that are running in the same session context as your website.
|
|
|
|
If successfully authenticated, `SessionAuthentication` provides the following credentials.
|
|
|
|
* `request.user` will be a `django.contrib.auth.models.User` instance.
|
|
* `request.auth` will be `None`.
|
|
|
|
# Custom authentication
|
|
|
|
To implement a custom authentication policy, subclass `BaseAuthentication` and override the `.authenticate(self, request)` method. The method should return a two-tuple of `(user, auth)` if authentication succeeds, or `None` otherwise.
|
|
|
|
[cite]: http://jacobian.org/writing/rest-worst-practices/
|
|
[basicauth]: http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc2617
|
|
[oauth]: http://oauth.net/2/
|
|
[permission]: permissions.md
|
|
[throttling]: throttling.md
|