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263 lines
9.8 KiB
Markdown
263 lines
9.8 KiB
Markdown
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# Django REST framework 3.5
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The 3.5 release is the second in a planned series that is addressing schema
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generation, hypermedia support, API client libraries, and finally realtime support.
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---
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## Funding
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The 3.5 release would not have been possible without our [collaborative funding model][funding].
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If you use REST framework commercially and would like to see this work continue,
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we strongly encourage you to invest in its continued development by
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**[signing up for a paid plan][funding]**.
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<ul class="premium-promo promo">
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<li><a href="https://www.rover.com/careers/" style="background-image: url(https://fund-rest-framework.s3.amazonaws.com/rover_130x130.png)">Rover.com</a></li>
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<li><a href="https://sentry.io/welcome/" style="background-image: url(https://fund-rest-framework.s3.amazonaws.com/sentry130.png)">Sentry</a></li>
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<li><a href="https://getstream.io/?utm_source=drf&utm_medium=banner&utm_campaign=drf" style="background-image: url(https://fund-rest-framework.s3.amazonaws.com/stream-130.png)">Stream</a></li>
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<li><a href="https://www.machinalis.com/#services" style="background-image: url(https://fund-rest-framework.s3.amazonaws.com/Machinalis130.png)">Machinalis</a></li>
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</ul>
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<div style="clear: both; padding-bottom: 20px;"></div>
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*Many thanks to all our [sponsors][sponsors], and in particular to our premium backers, [Rover](https://www.rover.com/careers/), [Sentry](https://sentry.io/welcome/), [Stream](https://getstream.io/?utm_source=drf&utm_medium=banner&utm_campaign=drf), and [Machinalis](https://www.machinalis.com/#services).*
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---
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## Improved schema generation
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Docstrings on views are now pulled through into schema definitions, allowing
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you to [use the schema definition to document your API][schema-docs].
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There is now also a shortcut function, `get_schema_view()`, which makes it easier to
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[adding schema views][schema-view] to your API.
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For example, to include a swagger schema to your API, you would do the following:
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* Run `pip install django-rest-swagger`.
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* Add `'rest_framework_swagger'` to your `INSTALLED_APPS` setting.
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* Include the schema view in your URL conf:
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```py
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from rest_framework.schemas import get_schema_view
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from rest_framework_swagger.renderers import OpenAPIRenderer, SwaggerUIRenderer
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schema_view = get_schema_view(
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title="Example API", renderer_classes=[OpenAPIRenderer, SwaggerUIRenderer]
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)
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urlpatterns = [path("swagger/", schema_view), ...]
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```
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There have been a large number of fixes to the schema generation. These should
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resolve issues for anyone using the latest version of the `django-rest-swagger`
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package.
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Some of these changes do affect the resulting schema structure,
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so if you're already using schema generation you should make sure to review
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[the deprecation notes](#deprecations), particularly if you're currently using
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a dynamic client library to interact with your API.
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Finally, we're also now exposing the schema generation as a
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[publicly documented API][schema-generation-api], allowing you to more easily
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override the behaviour.
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## Requests test client
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You can now test your project using the `requests` library.
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This exposes exactly the same interface as if you were using a standard
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requests session instance.
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client = RequestsClient()
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response = client.get('http://testserver/users/')
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assert response.status_code == 200
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Rather than sending any HTTP requests to the network, this interface will
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coerce all outgoing requests into WSGI, and call into your application directly.
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## Core API client
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You can also now test your project by interacting with it using the `coreapi`
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client library.
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# Fetch the API schema
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client = CoreAPIClient()
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schema = client.get('http://testserver/schema/')
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# Create a new organisation
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params = {'name': 'MegaCorp', 'status': 'active'}
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client.action(schema, ['organisations', 'create'], params)
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# Ensure that the organisation exists in the listing
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data = client.action(schema, ['organisations', 'list'])
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assert(len(data) == 1)
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assert(data == [{'name': 'MegaCorp', 'status': 'active'}])
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Again, this will call directly into the application using the WSGI interface,
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rather than making actual network calls.
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This is a good option if you are planning for clients to mainly interact with
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your API using the `coreapi` client library, or some other auto-generated client.
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## Live tests
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One interesting aspect of both the `requests` client and the `coreapi` client
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is that they allow you to write tests in such a way that they can also be made
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to run against a live service.
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By switching the WSGI based client instances to actual instances of `requests.Session`
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or `coreapi.Client` you can have the test cases make actual network calls.
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Being able to write test cases that can exercise your staging or production
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environment is a powerful tool. However in order to do this, you'll need to pay
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close attention to how you handle setup and teardown to ensure a strict isolation
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of test data from other live or staging data.
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## RAML support
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We now have preliminary support for [RAML documentation generation][django-rest-raml].
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![RAML Example][raml-image]
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Further work on the encoding and documentation generation is planned, in order to
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make features such as the 'Try it now' support available at a later date.
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This work also now means that you can use the Core API client libraries to interact
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with APIs that expose a RAML specification. The [RAML codec][raml-codec] gives some examples of
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interacting with the Spotify API in this way.
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## Validation codes
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Exceptions raised by REST framework now include short code identifiers.
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When used together with our customizable error handling, this now allows you to
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modify the style of API error messages.
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As an example, this allows for the following style of error responses:
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{
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"message": "You do not have permission to perform this action.",
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"code": "permission_denied"
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}
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This is particularly useful with validation errors, which use appropriate
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codes to identify differing kinds of failure...
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{
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"name": {"message": "This field is required.", "code": "required"},
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"age": {"message": "A valid integer is required.", "code": "invalid"}
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}
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## Client upload & download support
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The Python `coreapi` client library and the Core API command line tool both
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now fully support file [uploads][uploads] and [downloads][downloads].
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---
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## Deprecations
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### Generating schemas from Router
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The router arguments for generating a schema view, such as `schema_title`,
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are now pending deprecation.
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Instead of using `DefaultRouter(schema_title='Example API')`, you should use
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the `get_schema_view()` function, and include the view in your URL conf.
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Make sure to include the view before your router urls. For example:
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from rest_framework.schemas import get_schema_view
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from my_project.routers import router
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schema_view = get_schema_view(title='Example API')
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urlpatterns = [
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path('', schema_view),
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path('', include(router.urls)),
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]
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### Schema path representations
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The `'pk'` identifier in schema paths is now mapped onto the actually model field
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name by default. This will typically be `'id'`.
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This gives a better external representation for schemas, with less implementation
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detail being exposed. It also reflects the behaviour of using a ModelSerializer
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class with `fields = '__all__'`.
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You can revert to the previous behaviour by setting `'SCHEMA_COERCE_PATH_PK': False`
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in the REST framework settings.
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### Schema action name representations
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The internal `retrieve()` and `destroy()` method names are now coerced to an
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external representation of `read` and `delete`.
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You can revert to the previous behaviour by setting `'SCHEMA_COERCE_METHOD_NAMES': {}`
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in the REST framework settings.
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### DjangoFilterBackend
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The functionality of the built-in `DjangoFilterBackend` is now completely
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included by the `django-filter` package.
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You should change your imports and REST framework filter settings as follows:
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* `rest_framework.filters.DjangoFilterBackend` becomes `django_filters.rest_framework.DjangoFilterBackend`.
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* `rest_framework.filters.FilterSet` becomes `django_filters.rest_framework.FilterSet`.
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The existing imports will continue to work but are now pending deprecation.
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### CoreJSON media type
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The media type for `CoreJSON` is now `application/json+coreapi`, rather than
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the previous `application/vnd.json+coreapi`. This brings it more into line with
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other custom media types, such as those used by Swagger and RAML.
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The clients currently accept either media type. The old style-media type will
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be deprecated at a later date.
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### ModelSerializer 'fields' and 'exclude'
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ModelSerializer and HyperlinkedModelSerializer must include either a fields
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option, or an exclude option. The `fields = '__all__'` shortcut may be used to
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explicitly include all fields.
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Failing to set either `fields` or `exclude` raised a pending deprecation warning
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in version 3.3 and raised a deprecation warning in 3.4. Its usage is now mandatory.
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---
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[sponsors]: https://fund.django-rest-framework.org/topics/funding/#our-sponsors
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[funding]: funding.md
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[uploads]: https://core-api.github.io/python-client/api-guide/utils/#file
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[downloads]: https://core-api.github.io/python-client/api-guide/codecs/#downloadcodec
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[schema-generation-api]: ../api-guide/schemas/#schemagenerator
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[schema-docs]: ../api-guide/schemas/#schemas-as-documentation
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[schema-view]: ../api-guide/schemas/#the-get_schema_view-shortcut
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[django-rest-raml]: https://github.com/encode/django-rest-raml
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[raml-image]: ../img/raml.png
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[raml-codec]: https://github.com/core-api/python-raml-codec
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