Merge pull request #154 from ets-labs/dev-3.4

Dev 3.4

docs/main/changelog.rst

@@ -11,6 +11,13 @@ Development version
 -------------------
 - No features.
 
+3.4.0
+-----
+- Add ``AbstractCallable`` provider.
+- Add ``AbstractFactory`` provider.
+- Add ``AbstractSingleton`` provider.
+- Optimize calling of overridden providers (~15% faster).
+
 3.3.7
 -----
 - Fix minor bug related to patch of ``Configuration`` provider in version

docs/providers/callable.rst

@@ -54,8 +54,18 @@ any kind of injection.
 Delegation of :py:class:`Callable` providers is the same as 
 :py:class:`Factory` providers delegation, please follow 
 :ref:`factory_providers_delegation` section for examples (with exception 
-about using :py:class:`DelegatedCallable` instead of 
+of using :py:class:`DelegatedCallable` instead of
 :py:class:`DelegatedFactory`).
 
+Abstract callable providers
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+:py:class:`AbstractCallable` provider is a :py:class:`Callable` provider that
+must be explicitly overridden before calling.
+
+Behaviour of :py:class:`AbstractCallable` providers is the same as of
+:py:class:`AbstractFactory`, please follow :ref:`abstract_factory_providers`
+section for examples (with exception of using :py:class:`AbstractCallable`
+provider instead of :py:class:`AbstractFactory`).
 
 .. disqus::

docs/providers/factory.rst

@@ -106,5 +106,45 @@ provided type:
    :language: python
    :linenos:
 
+.. _abstract_factory_providers:
+
+Abstract factory providers
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+:py:class:`AbstractFactory` provider is a :py:class:`Factory` provider that
+must be explicitly overridden before calling.
+
+.. note::
+
+    Overriding of :py:class:`AbstractFactory` provider is possible only by
+    another :py:class:`Factory` provider.
+
+:py:class:`AbstractFactory` provider is useful when it is needed to specify
+explicitly that it only provides abstraction, but not an implementation.
+Client code must override such factories with factories that provide particular
+implementations. Otherwise, :py:class:`AbstractFactory` will raise an error
+on attempt of calling it. At the same time, :py:class:`AbstractFactory` is
+regular provider that could be injected into other providers (or used for
+any other kind of bindings) without being overridden. After
+:py:class:`AbstractFactory` provider has been overridden, its behaviour is
+identical to regular :py:class:`Factory` provider.
+
+Example:
+
+.. image:: /images/providers/abstract_factory.png
+    :width: 100%
+    :align: center
+
+Listing of ``cache.py``:
+
+.. literalinclude:: ../../examples/providers/abstract_factory/cache.py
+   :language: python
+   :linenos:
+
+Listing of ``example.py``:
+
+.. literalinclude:: ../../examples/providers/abstract_factory/example.py
+   :language: python
+   :linenos:
 
 .. disqus::

docs/providers/singleton.rst

@@ -65,7 +65,7 @@ any kind of injection.
 Delegation of :py:class:`Singleton` providers is the same as 
 :py:class:`Factory` providers delegation, please follow 
 :ref:`factory_providers_delegation` section for examples (with exception 
-about using :py:class:`DelegatedSingleton` instead of 
+of using :py:class:`DelegatedSingleton` instead of
 :py:class:`DelegatedFactory`).
 
 Singleton providers specialization
@@ -78,6 +78,17 @@ Specialization of :py:class:`Singleton` providers is the same as
 :py:class:`Factory` providers specialization, please follow 
 :ref:`factory_providers_specialization` section for examples.
 
+Abstract singleton providers
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+:py:class:`AbstractSingleton` provider is a :py:class:`Singleton` provider that
+must be explicitly overridden before calling.
+
+Behaviour of :py:class:`AbstractSingleton` providers is the same as of
+:py:class:`AbstractFactory`, please follow :ref:`abstract_factory_providers`
+section for examples (with exception of using :py:class:`AbstractSingleton`
+provider instead of :py:class:`AbstractFactory`).
+
 Singleton providers and multi-threading
 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
 

examples/providers/abstract_factory/cache.py

@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+"""Example hierarchy of cache clients with abstract base class."""
+
+
+class AbstractCacheClient(object):
+    """Abstract cache client."""
+
+
+class RedisCacheClient(AbstractCacheClient):
+    """Cache client implementation based on Redis."""
+
+    def __init__(self, host, port, db):
+        """Initializer."""
+        self.host = host
+        self.port = port
+        self.db = db
+
+
+class MemcacheCacheClient(AbstractCacheClient):
+    """Cache client implementation based on Memcached."""
+
+    def __init__(self, hosts, port, prefix):
+        """Initializer."""
+        self.hosts = hosts
+        self.port = port
+        self.prefix = prefix

examples/providers/abstract_factory/example.py

@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+"""`AbstractFactory` providers example."""
+
+import cache
+
+import dependency_injector.providers as providers
+
+
+# Define abstract cache client factory:
+cache_client_factory = providers.AbstractFactory(cache.AbstractCacheClient)
+
+if __name__ == '__main__':
+    # Override abstract factory with redis client factory:
+    cache_client_factory.override(providers.Factory(cache.RedisCacheClient,
+                                                    host='localhost',
+                                                    port=6379,
+                                                    db=0))
+    redis_cache = cache_client_factory()
+    print(redis_cache)  # <cache.RedisCacheClient object at 0x10975bc50>
+
+    # Override abstract factory with memcache client factory:
+    cache_client_factory.override(providers.Factory(cache.MemcacheCacheClient,
+                                                    hosts=['10.0.1.1',
+                                                           '10.0.1.2',
+                                                           '10.0.1.3'],
+                                                    port=11211,
+                                                    prefix='my_app'))
+    memcache_cache = cache_client_factory()
+    print(memcache_cache)  # <cache.MemcacheCacheClient object at 0x10975bc90>

src/dependency_injector/__init__.py

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 """Dependency injector top-level package."""
 
-__version__ = '3.3.7'
+__version__ = '3.4.0'
 """Version number that follows semantic versioning.
 
 :type: str

src/dependency_injector/providers.pxd

@@ -9,10 +9,9 @@ cimport cython
 # Base providers
 cdef class Provider(object):
     cdef tuple __overridden
-    cdef int __overridden_len
+    cdef Provider __last_overriding
 
     cpdef object _provide(self, tuple args, dict kwargs)
-    cpdef object _call_last_overriding(self, tuple args, dict kwargs)
 
 
 cdef class Object(Provider):
@@ -51,6 +50,10 @@ cdef class DelegatedCallable(Callable):
     pass
 
 
+cdef class AbstractCallable(Callable):
+    cpdef object _provide(self, tuple args, dict kwargs)
+
+
 # Configuration providers
 cdef class Configuration(Provider):
     cdef str __name
@@ -77,6 +80,10 @@ cdef class DelegatedFactory(Factory):
     pass
 
 
+cdef class AbstractFactory(Factory):
+    cpdef object _provide(self, tuple args, dict kwargs)
+
+
 # Singleton providers
 cdef class BaseSingleton(Provider):
     cdef Factory __instantiator
@@ -113,6 +120,10 @@ cdef class DelegatedThreadLocalSingleton(ThreadLocalSingleton):
     pass
 
 
+cdef class AbstractSingleton(BaseSingleton):
+    pass
+
+
 # Injections
 cdef class Injection(object):
     cdef object __value

src/dependency_injector/providers.pyx

@@ -83,7 +83,7 @@ cdef class Provider(object):
     def __init__(self):
         """Initializer."""
         self.__overridden = tuple()
-        self.__overridden_len = 0
+        self.__last_overriding = None
         super(Provider, self).__init__()
 
     def __call__(self, *args, **kwargs):
@@ -91,8 +91,8 @@ cdef class Provider(object):
 
         Callable interface implementation.
         """
-        if self.__overridden_len != 0:
+        if self.__last_overriding is not None:
-            return self._call_last_overriding(args, kwargs)
+            return self.__last_overriding._provide(args, kwargs)
         return self._provide(args, kwargs)
 
     def __deepcopy__(self, memo):
@@ -146,12 +146,10 @@ cdef class Provider(object):
             provider = Object(provider)
 
         self.__overridden += (provider,)
-        self.__overridden_len += 1
+        self.__last_overriding = provider
 
         return OverridingContext(self, provider)
 
-    @cython.boundscheck(False)
-    @cython.wraparound(False)
     def reset_last_overriding(self):
         """Reset last overriding provider.
 
@@ -160,11 +158,14 @@ cdef class Provider(object):
 
         :rtype: None
         """
-        if self.__overridden_len == 0:
+        if len(self.__overridden) == 0:
             raise Error('Provider {0} is not overridden'.format(str(self)))
 
-        self.__overridden = self.__overridden[:self.__overridden_len - 1]
+        self.__overridden = self.__overridden[:-1]
-        self.__overridden_len -= 1
+        try:
+            self.__last_overriding = self.__overridden[-1]
+        except IndexError:
+            self.__last_overriding = None
 
     def reset_override(self):
         """Reset all overriding providers.
@@ -172,7 +173,7 @@ cdef class Provider(object):
         :rtype: None
         """
         self.__overridden = tuple()
-        self.__overridden_len = 0
+        self.__last_overriding = None
 
     def delegate(self):
         """Return provider's delegate.
@@ -190,13 +191,6 @@ cdef class Provider(object):
         """
         raise NotImplementedError()
 
-    @cython.boundscheck(False)
-    @cython.wraparound(False)
-    cpdef object _call_last_overriding(self, tuple args, dict kwargs):
-        """Call last overriding provider and return result."""
-        return  <object>self.__overridden[self.__overridden_len - 1](*args,
-                                                                     **kwargs)
-
 
 cdef class Object(Provider):
     """Object provider returns provided instance "as is".
@@ -332,10 +326,10 @@ cdef class ExternalDependency(Provider):
         """
         cdef object instance
 
-        if self.__overridden_len == 0:
+        if self.__last_overriding is None:
             raise Error('Dependency is not defined')
 
-        instance = self._call_last_overriding(args, kwargs)
+        instance = self.__last_overriding._provide(args, kwargs)
 
         if not isinstance(instance, self.instance_of):
             raise Error('{0} is not an '.format(instance) +
@@ -599,6 +593,47 @@ cdef class DelegatedCallable(Callable):
     __IS_DELEGATED__ = True
 
 
+cdef class AbstractCallable(Callable):
+    """Abstract callable provider.
+
+    :py:class:`AbstractCallable` is a :py:class:`Callable` provider that must
+    be explicitly overridden before calling.
+
+    Overriding of :py:class:`AbstractCallable` is possible only by another
+    :py:class:`Callable` provider.
+    """
+
+    def __call__(self, *args, **kwargs):
+        """Return provided object.
+
+        Callable interface implementation.
+        """
+        if self.__last_overriding is None:
+            raise Error('{0} must be overridden before calling'.format(self))
+        return self.__last_overriding._provide(args, kwargs)
+
+    def override(self, provider):
+        """Override provider with another provider.
+
+        :param provider: Overriding provider.
+        :type provider: :py:class:`Provider`
+
+        :raise: :py:exc:`dependency_injector.errors.Error`
+
+        :return: Overriding context.
+        :rtype: :py:class:`OverridingContext`
+        """
+        if not isinstance(provider, Callable):
+            raise Error('{0} must be overridden only by '
+                        '{1} providers'.format(self, Callable))
+        return super(AbstractCallable, self).override(provider)
+
+    cpdef object _provide(self, tuple args, dict kwargs):
+        """Return result of provided callable's call."""
+        raise NotImplementedError('Abstract provider forward providing logic '
+                                  'to overriding provider')
+
+
 cdef class Configuration(Provider):
     """Configuration provider.
 
@@ -973,6 +1008,46 @@ cdef class DelegatedFactory(Factory):
     __IS_DELEGATED__ = True
 
 
+cdef class AbstractFactory(Factory):
+    """Abstract factory provider.
+
+    :py:class:`AbstractFactory` is a :py:class:`Factory` provider that must
+    be explicitly overridden before calling.
+
+    Overriding of :py:class:`AbstractFactory` is possible only by another
+    :py:class:`Factory` provider.
+    """
+
+    def __call__(self, *args, **kwargs):
+        """Return provided object.
+
+        Callable interface implementation.
+        """
+        if self.__last_overriding is None:
+            raise Error('{0} must be overridden before calling'.format(self))
+        return self.__last_overriding._provide(args, kwargs)
+
+    def override(self, provider):
+        """Override provider with another provider.
+
+        :param provider: Overriding provider.
+        :type provider: :py:class:`Provider`
+
+        :raise: :py:exc:`dependency_injector.errors.Error`
+
+        :return: Overriding context.
+        :rtype: :py:class:`OverridingContext`
+        """
+        if not isinstance(provider, Factory):
+            raise Error('{0} must be overridden only by '
+                        '{1} providers'.format(self, Factory))
+        return super(AbstractFactory, self).override(provider)
+
+    cpdef object _provide(self, tuple args, dict kwargs):
+        """Return result of provided callable's call."""
+        raise NotImplementedError('Abstract provider forward providing logic '
+                                  'to overriding provider')
+
 cdef class BaseSingleton(Provider):
     """Base class of singleton providers."""
 
@@ -1359,6 +1434,51 @@ cdef class DelegatedThreadLocalSingleton(ThreadLocalSingleton):
     __IS_DELEGATED__ = True
 
 
+cdef class AbstractSingleton(BaseSingleton):
+    """Abstract singleton provider.
+
+    :py:class:`AbstractSingleton` is a :py:class:`Singleton` provider that must
+    be explicitly overridden before calling.
+
+    Overriding of :py:class:`AbstractSingleton` is possible only by another
+    :py:class:`BaseSingleton` provider.
+    """
+
+    def __call__(self, *args, **kwargs):
+        """Return provided object.
+
+        Callable interface implementation.
+        """
+        if self.__last_overriding is None:
+            raise Error('{0} must be overridden before calling'.format(self))
+        return self.__last_overriding._provide(args, kwargs)
+
+    def override(self, provider):
+        """Override provider with another provider.
+
+        :param provider: Overriding provider.
+        :type provider: :py:class:`Provider`
+
+        :raise: :py:exc:`dependency_injector.errors.Error`
+
+        :return: Overriding context.
+        :rtype: :py:class:`OverridingContext`
+        """
+        if not isinstance(provider, BaseSingleton):
+            raise Error('{0} must be overridden only by '
+                        '{1} providers'.format(self, BaseSingleton))
+        return super(AbstractSingleton, self).override(provider)
+
+    def reset(self):
+        """Reset cached instance, if any.
+
+        :rtype: None
+        """
+        if self.__last_overriding is None:
+            raise Error('{0} must be overridden before calling'.format(self))
+        return self.__last_overriding.reset()
+
+
 cdef class Injection(object):
     """Abstract injection class."""
 

tests/performance/test.py

@@ -74,7 +74,7 @@ class Tester(object):
 #         for x in xrange(int(5000000 * self.duration_factor)):
 #             test_factory(1, 2, 3)
 
-    def test_instance_3_kw_injections(self, providers):
+    def test_raw_3_kw_injections(self, providers):
         """Test 3 keyword argument injections."""
         class A(object):
             pass
@@ -92,7 +92,7 @@ class Tester(object):
         for x in xrange(int(5000000 * self.duration_factor)):
             Test(a=A(), b=B(), c=C())
 
-    def test_instance_factory_3_factory_kw_injections(self, providers):
+    def test_factory_3_factory_kw_injections(self, providers):
         """Test factory with 3 keyword argument injections via factories."""
         class A(object):
             pass
@@ -117,6 +117,32 @@ class Tester(object):
         for x in xrange(int(5000000 * self.duration_factor)):
             test_factory()
 
+    def test_abstract_factory_3_factory_kw_injections(self, providers):
+        """Test factory with 3 keyword argument injections via factories."""
+        class A(object):
+            pass
+
+        class B(object):
+            pass
+
+        class C(object):
+            pass
+
+        class Test(object):
+            def __init__(self, a, b, c):
+                pass
+
+        a_factory = providers.Factory(A)
+        b_factory = providers.Factory(B)
+        c_factory = providers.Factory(C)
+        test_factory = providers.AbstractFactory(object)
+        test_factory.override(providers.Factory(Test,
+                                                a=a_factory,
+                                                b=b_factory,
+                                                c=c_factory))
+        for x in xrange(int(5000000 * self.duration_factor)):
+            test_factory()
+
 #     def test_factory_subcls_3_factory_subcls_kw_injections(self, providers):
 #         """Test factory with 3 keyword argument injections via factories."""
 #         class MyFactory(providers.Factory):

tests/unit/providers/test_callables.py

@@ -8,13 +8,14 @@ from dependency_injector import (
 )
 
 
-class CallableTests(unittest.TestCase):
+def _example(arg1, arg2, arg3, arg4):
-
-    def example(self, arg1, arg2, arg3, arg4):
     return arg1, arg2, arg3, arg4
 
+
+class CallableTests(unittest.TestCase):
+
     def test_init_with_callable(self):
-        self.assertTrue(providers.Callable(self.example))
+        self.assertTrue(providers.Callable(_example))
 
     def test_init_with_not_callable(self):
         self.assertRaises(errors.Error, providers.Callable, 123)
@@ -24,66 +25,66 @@ class CallableTests(unittest.TestCase):
         self.assertTrue(provider())
 
     def test_call_with_positional_args(self):
-        provider = providers.Callable(self.example,
+        provider = providers.Callable(_example,
                                       1, 2, 3, 4)
         self.assertTupleEqual(provider(), (1, 2, 3, 4))
 
     def test_call_with_keyword_args(self):
-        provider = providers.Callable(self.example,
+        provider = providers.Callable(_example,
                                       arg1=1, arg2=2, arg3=3, arg4=4)
         self.assertTupleEqual(provider(), (1, 2, 3, 4))
 
     def test_call_with_positional_and_keyword_args(self):
-        provider = providers.Callable(self.example,
+        provider = providers.Callable(_example,
                                       1, 2,
                                       arg3=3, arg4=4)
         self.assertTupleEqual(provider(), (1, 2, 3, 4))
 
     def test_call_with_context_args(self):
-        provider = providers.Callable(self.example, 1, 2)
+        provider = providers.Callable(_example, 1, 2)
         self.assertTupleEqual(provider(3, 4), (1, 2, 3, 4))
 
     def test_call_with_context_kwargs(self):
-        provider = providers.Callable(self.example, arg1=1)
+        provider = providers.Callable(_example, arg1=1)
         self.assertTupleEqual(provider(arg2=2, arg3=3, arg4=4), (1, 2, 3, 4))
 
     def test_call_with_context_args_and_kwargs(self):
-        provider = providers.Callable(self.example, 1)
+        provider = providers.Callable(_example, 1)
         self.assertTupleEqual(provider(2, arg3=3, arg4=4), (1, 2, 3, 4))
 
     def test_fluent_interface(self):
-        provider = providers.Singleton(self.example) \
+        provider = providers.Singleton(_example) \
             .add_args(1, 2) \
             .add_kwargs(arg3=3, arg4=4)
 
         self.assertTupleEqual(provider(), (1, 2, 3, 4))
 
     def test_set_args(self):
-        provider = providers.Callable(self.example) \
+        provider = providers.Callable(_example) \
             .add_args(1, 2) \
             .set_args(3, 4)
         self.assertEqual(provider.args, tuple([3, 4]))
 
     def test_set_kwargs(self):
-        provider = providers.Callable(self.example) \
+        provider = providers.Callable(_example) \
             .add_kwargs(init_arg3=3, init_arg4=4) \
             .set_kwargs(init_arg3=4, init_arg4=5)
         self.assertEqual(provider.kwargs, dict(init_arg3=4, init_arg4=5))
 
     def test_clear_args(self):
-        provider = providers.Callable(self.example) \
+        provider = providers.Callable(_example) \
             .add_args(1, 2) \
             .clear_args()
         self.assertEqual(provider.args, tuple())
 
     def test_clear_kwargs(self):
-        provider = providers.Callable(self.example) \
+        provider = providers.Callable(_example) \
             .add_kwargs(init_arg3=3, init_arg4=4) \
             .clear_kwargs()
         self.assertEqual(provider.kwargs, dict())
 
     def test_call_overridden(self):
-        provider = providers.Callable(self.example)
+        provider = providers.Callable(_example)
 
         provider.override(providers.Object((4, 3, 2, 1)))
         provider.override(providers.Object((1, 2, 3, 4)))
@@ -91,7 +92,7 @@ class CallableTests(unittest.TestCase):
         self.assertTupleEqual(provider(), (1, 2, 3, 4))
 
     def test_deepcopy(self):
-        provider = providers.Callable(self.example)
+        provider = providers.Callable(_example)
 
         provider_copy = providers.deepcopy(provider)
 
@@ -100,8 +101,8 @@ class CallableTests(unittest.TestCase):
         self.assertIsInstance(provider, providers.Callable)
 
     def test_deepcopy_from_memo(self):
-        provider = providers.Callable(self.example)
+        provider = providers.Callable(_example)
-        provider_copy_memo = providers.Callable(self.example)
+        provider_copy_memo = providers.Callable(_example)
 
         provider_copy = providers.deepcopy(
             provider, memo={id(provider): provider_copy_memo})
@@ -109,7 +110,7 @@ class CallableTests(unittest.TestCase):
         self.assertIs(provider_copy, provider_copy_memo)
 
     def test_deepcopy_args(self):
-        provider = providers.Callable(self.example)
+        provider = providers.Callable(_example)
         dependent_provider1 = providers.Callable(list)
         dependent_provider2 = providers.Callable(dict)
 
@@ -130,7 +131,7 @@ class CallableTests(unittest.TestCase):
         self.assertIsNot(dependent_provider2, dependent_provider_copy2)
 
     def test_deepcopy_kwargs(self):
-        provider = providers.Callable(self.example)
+        provider = providers.Callable(_example)
         dependent_provider1 = providers.Callable(list)
         dependent_provider2 = providers.Callable(dict)
 
@@ -151,7 +152,7 @@ class CallableTests(unittest.TestCase):
         self.assertIsNot(dependent_provider2, dependent_provider_copy2)
 
     def test_deepcopy_overridden(self):
-        provider = providers.Callable(self.example)
+        provider = providers.Callable(_example)
         object_provider = providers.Object(object())
 
         provider.override(object_provider)
@@ -167,34 +168,86 @@ class CallableTests(unittest.TestCase):
         self.assertIsInstance(object_provider_copy, providers.Object)
 
     def test_repr(self):
-        provider = providers.Callable(self.example)
+        provider = providers.Callable(_example)
 
         self.assertEqual(repr(provider),
                          '<dependency_injector.providers.'
                          'Callable({0}) at {1}>'.format(
-                             repr(self.example),
+                             repr(_example),
                              hex(id(provider))))
 
 
 class DelegatedCallableTests(unittest.TestCase):
 
     def test_inheritance(self):
-        self.assertIsInstance(providers.DelegatedCallable(len),
+        self.assertIsInstance(providers.DelegatedCallable(_example),
                               providers.Callable)
 
     def test_is_provider(self):
         self.assertTrue(
-            providers.is_provider(providers.DelegatedCallable(len)))
+            providers.is_provider(providers.DelegatedCallable(_example)))
 
     def test_is_delegated_provider(self):
-        provider = providers.DelegatedCallable(len)
+        provider = providers.DelegatedCallable(_example)
         self.assertTrue(providers.is_delegated(provider))
 
     def test_repr(self):
-        provider = providers.DelegatedCallable(len)
+        provider = providers.DelegatedCallable(_example)
 
         self.assertEqual(repr(provider),
                          '<dependency_injector.providers.'
                          'DelegatedCallable({0}) at {1}>'.format(
-                             repr(len),
+                             repr(_example),
+                             hex(id(provider))))
+
+
+class AbstractCallableTests(unittest.TestCase):
+
+    def test_inheritance(self):
+        self.assertIsInstance(providers.AbstractCallable(_example),
+                              providers.Callable)
+
+    def test_call_overridden_by_callable(self):
+        def _abstract_example():
+            pass
+
+        provider = providers.AbstractCallable(_abstract_example)
+        provider.override(providers.Callable(_example))
+
+        self.assertTrue(provider(1, 2, 3, 4), (1, 2, 3, 4))
+
+    def test_call_overridden_by_delegated_callable(self):
+        def _abstract_example():
+            pass
+
+        provider = providers.AbstractCallable(_abstract_example)
+        provider.override(providers.DelegatedCallable(_example))
+
+        self.assertTrue(provider(1, 2, 3, 4), (1, 2, 3, 4))
+
+    def test_call_not_overridden(self):
+        provider = providers.AbstractCallable(_example)
+
+        with self.assertRaises(errors.Error):
+            provider(1, 2, 3, 4)
+
+    def test_override_by_not_callable(self):
+        provider = providers.AbstractCallable(_example)
+
+        with self.assertRaises(errors.Error):
+            provider.override(providers.Factory(object))
+
+    def test_provide_not_implemented(self):
+        provider = providers.AbstractCallable(_example)
+
+        with self.assertRaises(NotImplementedError):
+            provider._provide((1, 2, 3, 4), dict())
+
+    def test_repr(self):
+        provider = providers.AbstractCallable(_example)
+
+        self.assertEqual(repr(provider),
+                         '<dependency_injector.providers.'
+                         'AbstractCallable({0}) at {1}>'.format(
+                             repr(_example),
                              hex(id(provider))))

tests/unit/providers/test_factories.py

@@ -353,3 +353,49 @@ class DelegatedFactoryTests(unittest.TestCase):
                          'DelegatedFactory({0}) at {1}>'.format(
                              repr(Example),
                              hex(id(provider))))
+
+
+class AbstractFactoryTests(unittest.TestCase):
+
+    def test_inheritance(self):
+        self.assertIsInstance(providers.AbstractFactory(Example),
+                              providers.Factory)
+
+    def test_call_overridden_by_factory(self):
+        provider = providers.AbstractFactory(object)
+        provider.override(providers.Factory(Example))
+
+        self.assertIsInstance(provider(), Example)
+
+    def test_call_overridden_by_delegated_factory(self):
+        provider = providers.AbstractFactory(object)
+        provider.override(providers.DelegatedFactory(Example))
+
+        self.assertIsInstance(provider(), Example)
+
+    def test_call_not_overridden(self):
+        provider = providers.AbstractFactory(object)
+
+        with self.assertRaises(errors.Error):
+            provider()
+
+    def test_override_by_not_factory(self):
+        provider = providers.AbstractFactory(object)
+
+        with self.assertRaises(errors.Error):
+            provider.override(providers.Callable(object))
+
+    def test_provide_not_implemented(self):
+        provider = providers.AbstractFactory(Example)
+
+        with self.assertRaises(NotImplementedError):
+            provider._provide(tuple(), dict())
+
+    def test_repr(self):
+        provider = providers.AbstractFactory(Example)
+
+        self.assertEqual(repr(provider),
+                         '<dependency_injector.providers.'
+                         'AbstractFactory({0}) at {1}>'.format(
+                             repr(Example),
+                             hex(id(provider))))

tests/unit/providers/test_singletons.py

@@ -432,3 +432,63 @@ class DelegatedThreadSafeSingletonTests(_BaseSingletonTestCase,
                          'DelegatedThreadSafeSingleton({0}) at {1}>'.format(
                              repr(Example),
                              hex(id(provider))))
+
+
+class AbstractSingletonTests(unittest.TestCase):
+
+    def test_inheritance(self):
+        self.assertIsInstance(providers.AbstractSingleton(Example),
+                              providers.BaseSingleton)
+
+    def test_call_overridden_by_singleton(self):
+        provider = providers.AbstractSingleton(object)
+        provider.override(providers.Singleton(Example))
+
+        self.assertIsInstance(provider(), Example)
+
+    def test_call_overridden_by_delegated_singleton(self):
+        provider = providers.AbstractSingleton(object)
+        provider.override(providers.DelegatedSingleton(Example))
+
+        self.assertIsInstance(provider(), Example)
+
+    def test_call_not_overridden(self):
+        provider = providers.AbstractSingleton(object)
+
+        with self.assertRaises(errors.Error):
+            provider()
+
+    def test_reset_overridden(self):
+        provider = providers.AbstractSingleton(object)
+        provider.override(providers.Singleton(Example))
+
+        instance1 = provider()
+
+        provider.reset()
+
+        instance2 = provider()
+
+        self.assertIsNot(instance1, instance2)
+        self.assertIsInstance(instance1, Example)
+        self.assertIsInstance(instance2, Example)
+
+    def test_reset_not_overridden(self):
+        provider = providers.AbstractSingleton(object)
+
+        with self.assertRaises(errors.Error):
+            provider.reset()
+
+    def test_override_by_not_singleton(self):
+        provider = providers.AbstractSingleton(object)
+
+        with self.assertRaises(errors.Error):
+            provider.override(providers.Factory(object))
+
+    def test_repr(self):
+        provider = providers.AbstractSingleton(Example)
+
+        self.assertEqual(repr(provider),
+                         '<dependency_injector.providers.'
+                         'AbstractSingleton({0}) at {1}>'.format(
+                             repr(Example),
+                             hex(id(provider))))