spaCy/website/docs/api/cli.md

---
title: Command Line Interface
teaser: Download, train and package models, and debug spaCy
source: spacy/cli
menu:
  - ['Download', 'download']
  - ['Info', 'info']
  - ['Validate', 'validate']
  - ['Init', 'init']
  - ['Convert', 'convert']
  - ['Debug', 'debug']
  - ['Train', 'train']
  - ['Pretrain', 'pretrain']
  - ['Evaluate', 'evaluate']
  - ['Package', 'package']
  - ['Project', 'project']
---

For a list of available commands, type `spacy --help`.

<!-- TODO: add notes on autocompletion etc. -->

## Download {#download}

Download [models](/usage/models) for spaCy. The downloader finds the
best-matching compatible version and uses `pip install` to download the model as
a package. Direct downloads don't perform any compatibility checks and require
the model name to be specified with its version (e.g. `en_core_web_sm-2.2.0`).

> #### Downloading best practices
>
> The `download` command is mostly intended as a convenient, interactive wrapper
> – it performs compatibility checks and prints detailed messages in case things
> go wrong. It's **not recommended** to use this command as part of an automated
> process. If you know which model your project needs, you should consider a
> [direct download via pip](/usage/models#download-pip), or uploading the model
> to a local PyPi installation and fetching it straight from there. This will
> also allow you to add it as a versioned package dependency to your project.

```bash
$ python -m spacy download [model] [--direct] [pip args]
```

| Argument                              | Type       | Description                                                                                                                                                                                                    |
| ------------------------------------- | ---------- | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
| `model`                               | positional | Model name, e.g. [`en_core_web_sm`](/models/en#en_core_web_sm).                                                                                                                                                |
| `--direct`, `-d`                      | flag       | Force direct download of exact model version.                                                                                                                                                                  |
| pip args <Tag variant="new">2.1</Tag> | -          | Additional installation options to be passed to `pip install` when installing the model package. For example, `--user` to install to the user home directory or `--no-deps` to not install model dependencies. |
| `--help`, `-h`                        | flag       | Show help message and available arguments.                                                                                                                                                                     |
| **CREATES**                           | directory  | The installed model package in your `site-packages` directory.                                                                                                                                                 |

## Info {#info}

Print information about your spaCy installation, models and local setup, and
generate [Markdown](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Markdown)-formatted markup to
copy-paste into [GitHub issues](https://github.com/explosion/spaCy/issues).

```bash
$ python -m spacy info [--markdown] [--silent]
```

```bash
$ python -m spacy info [model] [--markdown] [--silent]
```

| Argument                                         | Type       | Description                                    |
| ------------------------------------------------ | ---------- | ---------------------------------------------- |
| `model`                                          | positional | A model, i.e. package name or path (optional). |
| `--markdown`, `-md`                              | flag       | Print information as Markdown.                 |
| `--silent`, `-s` <Tag variant="new">2.0.12</Tag> | flag       | Don't print anything, just return the values.  |
| `--help`, `-h`                                   | flag       | Show help message and available arguments.     |
| **PRINTS**                                       | `stdout`   | Information about your spaCy installation.     |

## Validate {#validate new="2"}

Find all models installed in the current environment and check whether they are
compatible with the currently installed version of spaCy. Should be run after
upgrading spaCy via `pip install -U spacy` to ensure that all installed models
are can be used with the new version. It will show a list of models and their
installed versions. If any model is out of date, the latest compatible versions
and command for updating are shown.

> #### Automated validation
>
> You can also use the `validate` command as part of your build process or test
> suite, to ensure all models are up to date before proceeding. If incompatible
> models are found, it will return `1`.

```bash
$ python -m spacy validate
```

| Argument   | Type     | Description                                               |
| ---------- | -------- | --------------------------------------------------------- |
| **PRINTS** | `stdout` | Details about the compatibility of your installed models. |

## Init {#init new="3"}

The `spacy init` CLI includes helpful commands for initializing training config
files and model directories.

### init config {#init-config new="3"}

Initialize and export a [`config.cfg` file](/usage/training#config) for training
and update it with all default values, if possible. Config files used for
training should always be complete and not contain any hidden defaults or
missing values, so this command helps you create your final config. It takes
**one** of the following options:

- `--base`: Base **config** to auto-fill, e.g. created using the
  [training quickstart](/usage/training#quickstart) widget.
- `--lang`: Base **language** code to use for blank config.
- `--model`: Base **model** to copy config from.

> ```bash
> ### with base config {wrap="true"}
> $ python -m spacy init config config.cfg --base base.cfg
> ```
>
> ```bash
> ### blank language {wrap="true"}
> $ python -m spacy init config config.cfg --lang en --pipeline tagger,parser
> ```

```bash
$ python -m spacy init config [output] [--base] [--lang] [--model] [--pipeline]
```

| Argument           | Type       | Description                                                                                                                                                           |
| ------------------ | ---------- | --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
| `output`           | positional | Path to output `.cfg` file. If not set, the config is written to stdout so you can pipe it forward to a file.                                                         |
| `--base`, `-b`     | option     | Optional base config file to auto-fill with defaults.                                                                                                                 |
| `--lang`, `-l`     | option     | Optional language code to use for blank config. If a `--pipeline` is specified, the components will be added in order.                                                |
| `--model`, `-m`    | option     | Optional base model to copy config from. If a `--pipeline` is specified, only those components will be kept, and all other components not in the model will be added. |
| `--pipeline`, `-p` | option     | Optional comma-separated pipeline of components to add to blank language or model.                                                                                    |
| **CREATES**        | config     | Complete and auto-filled config file for training.                                                                                                                    |

### init model {#init-model new="2"}

<!-- TODO: update for v3 -->

Create a new model directory from raw data, like word frequencies, Brown
clusters and word vectors. This command is similar to the `spacy model` command
in v1.x. Note that in order to populate the model's vocab, you need to pass in a
JSONL-formatted [vocabulary file](/api/data-formats#vocab-jsonl) as
`--jsonl-loc` with optional `id` values that correspond to the vectors table.
Just loading in vectors will not automatically populate the vocab.

<Infobox title="New in v3.0" variant="warning">

The `init-model` command is now available as a subcommand of `spacy init`.

</Infobox>

```bash
$ python -m spacy init model [lang] [output_dir] [--jsonl-loc] [--vectors-loc]
[--prune-vectors]
```

| Argument                                                | Type       | Description                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            |
| ------------------------------------------------------- | ---------- | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ |
| `lang`                                                  | positional | Model language [ISO code](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_ISO_639-1_codes), e.g. `en`.                                                                                                                                                           |
| `output_dir`                                            | positional | Model output directory. Will be created if it doesn't exist.                                                                                                                                                                                           |
| `--jsonl-loc`, `-j`                                     | option     | Optional location of JSONL-formatted [vocabulary file](/api/data-formats#vocab-jsonl) with lexical attributes.                                                                                                                                         |
| `--vectors-loc`, `-v`                                   | option     | Optional location of vectors. Should be a file where the first row contains the dimensions of the vectors, followed by a space-separated Word2Vec table. File can be provided in `.txt` format or as a zipped text file in `.zip` or `.tar.gz` format. |
| `--truncate-vectors`, `-t` <Tag variant="new">2.3</Tag> | option     | Number of vectors to truncate to when reading in vectors file. Defaults to `0` for no truncation.                                                                                                                                                      |
| `--prune-vectors`, `-V`                                 | option     | Number of vectors to prune the vocabulary to. Defaults to `-1` for no pruning.                                                                                                                                                                         |
| `--vectors-name`, `-vn`                                 | option     | Name to assign to the word vectors in the `meta.json`, e.g. `en_core_web_md.vectors`.                                                                                                                                                                  |
| **CREATES**                                             | model      | A spaCy model containing the vocab and vectors.                                                                                                                                                                                                        |

## Convert {#convert}

Convert files into spaCy's
[binary training data format](/api/data-formats#binary-training), a serialized
[`DocBin`](/api/docbin), for use with the `train` command and other experiment
management functions. The converter can be specified on the command line, or
chosen based on the file extension of the input file.

```bash
$ python -m spacy convert [input_file] [output_dir] [--converter]
[--file-type] [--n-sents] [--seg-sents] [--model] [--morphology]
[--merge-subtokens] [--ner-map] [--lang]
```

| Argument                                         | Type       | Description                                                                                                              |
| ------------------------------------------------ | ---------- | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ |
| `input_file`                                     | positional | Input file.                                                                                                              |
| `output_dir`                                     | positional | Output directory for converted file. Defaults to `"-"`, meaning data will be written to `stdout`.                        |
| `--converter`, `-c` <Tag variant="new">2</Tag>   | option     | Name of converter to use (see below).                                                                                    |
| `--file-type`, `-t` <Tag variant="new">2.1</Tag> | option     | Type of file to create. Either `spacy` (default) for binary [`DocBin`](/api/docbin) data or `json` for v2.x JSON format. |
| `--n-sents`, `-n`                                | option     | Number of sentences per document.                                                                                        |
| `--seg-sents`, `-s` <Tag variant="new">2.2</Tag> | flag       | Segment sentences (for `-c ner`)                                                                                         |
| `--model`, `-b` <Tag variant="new">2.2</Tag>     | option     | Model for parser-based sentence segmentation (for `-s`)                                                                  |
| `--morphology`, `-m`                             | option     | Enable appending morphology to tags.                                                                                     |
| `--ner-map`, `-nm`                               | option     | NER tag mapping (as JSON-encoded dict of entity types).                                                                  |
| `--lang`, `-l` <Tag variant="new">2.1</Tag>      | option     | Language code (if tokenizer required).                                                                                   |
| `--help`, `-h`                                   | flag       | Show help message and available arguments.                                                                               |
| **CREATES**                                      | binary     | Binary [`DocBin`](/api/docbin) training data that can be used with [`spacy train`](/api/cli#train).                      |

### Converters

| ID      | Description                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    |
| ------- | ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
| `auto`  | Automatically pick converter based on file extension and file content (default).                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               |
| `json`  | JSON-formatted training data used in spaCy v2.x.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               |
| `conll` | Universal Dependencies `.conllu` or `.conll` format.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           |
| `ner`   | NER with IOB/IOB2 tags, one token per line with columns separated by whitespace. The first column is the token and the final column is the IOB tag. Sentences are separated by blank lines and documents are separated by the line `-DOCSTART- -X- O O`. Supports CoNLL 2003 NER format. See [sample data](https://github.com/explosion/spaCy/tree/master/examples/training/ner_example_data). |
| `iob`   | NER with IOB/IOB2 tags, one sentence per line with tokens separated by whitespace and annotation separated by `|`, either `word|B-ENT` or `word|POS|B-ENT`. See [sample data](https://github.com/explosion/spaCy/tree/master/examples/training/ner_example_data).                                                                                                                              |

## Debug {#debug new="3"}

The `spacy debug` CLI includes helpful commands for debugging and profiling your
configs, data and implementations.

### debug config {#debug-config}

Debug a [`config.cfg` file](/usage/training#config) and show validation errors.
The command will create all objects in the tree and validate them. Note that
some config validation errors are blocking and will prevent the rest of the
config from being resolved. This means that you may not see all validation
errors at once and some issues are only shown once previous errors have been
fixed. To auto-fill a partial config and save the result, you can use the
[`init config`](/api/cli#init-config) command.

```bash
$ python -m spacy debug config [config_path] [--code_path] [--output] [--auto_fill] [--diff] [overrides]
```

> #### Example
>
> ```bash
> $ python -m spacy debug config ./config.cfg
> ```

<Accordion title="Example output" spaced>

<!-- TODO: update examples with validation error of final config -->

```
✘ Config validation error

training -> use_gpu              field required
training -> omit_extra_lookups   field required
training -> batch_by             field required
training -> raw_text             field required
training -> tag_map              field required
training -> evaluation_batch_size   extra fields not permitted
training -> vectors              extra fields not permitted
training -> width                extra fields not permitted

{'gold_preproc': False, 'max_length': 3000, 'limit': 0, 'orth_variant_level': 0.0, 'dropout': 0.1, 'patience': 6000, 'max_epochs': 0, 'max_steps': 100000, 'eval_frequency': 400, 'seed': 0, 'accumulate_gradient': 4, 'width': 768, 'use_pytorch_for_gpu_memory': True, 'scores': ['speed', 'tags_acc', 'uas', 'las', 'ents_f'], 'score_weights': {'las': 0.4, 'ents_f': 0.4, 'tags_acc': 0.2}, 'init_tok2vec': None, 'vectors': None, 'discard_oversize': True, 'evaluation_batch_size': 16, 'batch_size': {'@schedules': 'compounding.v1', 'start': 800, 'stop': 800, 'compound': 1.001}, 'optimizer': {'@optimizers': 'Adam.v1', 'beta1': 0.9, 'beta2': 0.999, 'L2_is_weight_decay': True, 'L2': 0.01, 'grad_clip': 1.0, 'use_averages': False, 'eps': 1e-08, 'learn_rate': {'@schedules': 'warmup_linear.v1', 'warmup_steps': 250, 'total_steps': 20000, 'initial_rate': 5e-05}}}
```

</Accordion>

| Argument              | Type       | Default | Description                                                                                                                                                          |
| --------------------- | ---------- | ------- | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
| `config_path`         | positional | -       | Path to [training config](/api/data-formats#config) file containing all settings and hyperparameters.                                                                |
| `--code_path`, `-c`   | option     | `None`  | Path to Python file with additional code to be imported. Allows [registering custom functions](/usage/training#custom-models) for new architectures.                 |
| `--auto_fill`, `-F`   | option     | `False` | Whether or not to auto-fill the config with built-in defaults if possible. If `False`, the provided config needs to be complete.                                     |
| `--output_path`, `-o` | option     | `None`  | Output path where the filled config can be stored. Use '-' for standard output.                                                                                      |
| `--diff`, `-D`        | option     | `False` | Show a visual diff if config was auto-filled.                                                                                                                        |
| `--help`, `-h`        | flag       | `False` | Show help message and available arguments.                                                                                                                           |
| overrides             |            | `None`  | Config parameters to override. Should be options starting with `--` that correspond to the config section and value to override, e.g. `--paths.train ./train.spacy`. |

### debug data {#debug-data}

Analyze, debug, and validate your training and development data. Get useful
stats, and find problems like invalid entity annotations, cyclic dependencies,
low data labels and more.

<Infobox title="New in v3.0" variant="warning">

The `debug data` command is now available as a subcommand of `spacy debug`. It
takes the same arguments as `train` and reads settings off the
[`config.cfg` file](/usage/training#config) and optional
[overrides](/usage/training#config-overrides) on the CLI.

</Infobox>

```bash
$ python -m spacy debug data [config_path] [--code] [--ignore-warnings]
[--verbose] [--no-format] [overrides]
```

> #### Example
>
> ```bash
> $ python -m spacy debug data ./config.cfg
> ```

<Accordion title="Example output" spaced>

```
=========================== Data format validation ===========================
✔ Corpus is loadable

=============================== Training stats ===============================
Training pipeline: tagger, parser, ner
Starting with blank model 'en'
18127 training docs
2939 evaluation docs
⚠ 34 training examples also in evaluation data

============================== Vocab & Vectors ==============================
ℹ 2083156 total words in the data (56962 unique)
⚠ 13020 misaligned tokens in the training data
⚠ 2423 misaligned tokens in the dev data
10 most common words: 'the' (98429), ',' (91756), '.' (87073), 'to' (50058),
'of' (49559), 'and' (44416), 'a' (34010), 'in' (31424), 'that' (22792), 'is'
(18952)
ℹ No word vectors present in the model

========================== Named Entity Recognition ==========================
ℹ 18 new labels, 0 existing labels
528978 missing values (tokens with '-' label)
New: 'ORG' (23860), 'PERSON' (21395), 'GPE' (21193), 'DATE' (18080), 'CARDINAL'
(10490), 'NORP' (9033), 'MONEY' (5164), 'PERCENT' (3761), 'ORDINAL' (2122),
'LOC' (2113), 'TIME' (1616), 'WORK_OF_ART' (1229), 'QUANTITY' (1150), 'FAC'
(1134), 'EVENT' (974), 'PRODUCT' (935), 'LAW' (444), 'LANGUAGE' (338)
✔ Good amount of examples for all labels
✔ Examples without occurences available for all labels
✔ No entities consisting of or starting/ending with whitespace

=========================== Part-of-speech Tagging ===========================
ℹ 49 labels in data (57 labels in tag map)
'NN' (266331), 'IN' (227365), 'DT' (185600), 'NNP' (164404), 'JJ' (119830),
'NNS' (110957), '.' (101482), ',' (92476), 'RB' (90090), 'PRP' (90081), 'VB'
(74538), 'VBD' (68199), 'CC' (62862), 'VBZ' (50712), 'VBP' (43420), 'VBN'
(42193), 'CD' (40326), 'VBG' (34764), 'TO' (31085), 'MD' (25863), 'PRP$'
(23335), 'HYPH' (13833), 'POS' (13427), 'UH' (13322), 'WP' (10423), 'WDT'
(9850), 'RP' (8230), 'WRB' (8201), ':' (8168), '''' (7392), '``' (6984), 'NNPS'
(5817), 'JJR' (5689), '$' (3710), 'EX' (3465), 'JJS' (3118), 'RBR' (2872),
'-RRB-' (2825), '-LRB-' (2788), 'PDT' (2078), 'XX' (1316), 'RBS' (1142), 'FW'
(794), 'NFP' (557), 'SYM' (440), 'WP$' (294), 'LS' (293), 'ADD' (191), 'AFX'
(24)
✔ All labels present in tag map for language 'en'

============================= Dependency Parsing =============================
ℹ Found 111703 sentences with an average length of 18.6 words.
ℹ Found 2251 nonprojective train sentences
ℹ Found 303 nonprojective dev sentences
ℹ 47 labels in train data
ℹ 211 labels in projectivized train data
'punct' (236796), 'prep' (188853), 'pobj' (182533), 'det' (172674), 'nsubj'
(169481), 'compound' (116142), 'ROOT' (111697), 'amod' (107945), 'dobj' (93540),
'aux' (86802), 'advmod' (86197), 'cc' (62679), 'conj' (59575), 'poss' (36449),
'ccomp' (36343), 'advcl' (29017), 'mark' (27990), 'nummod' (24582), 'relcl'
(21359), 'xcomp' (21081), 'attr' (18347), 'npadvmod' (17740), 'acomp' (17204),
'auxpass' (15639), 'appos' (15368), 'neg' (15266), 'nsubjpass' (13922), 'case'
(13408), 'acl' (12574), 'pcomp' (10340), 'nmod' (9736), 'intj' (9285), 'prt'
(8196), 'quantmod' (7403), 'dep' (4300), 'dative' (4091), 'agent' (3908), 'expl'
(3456), 'parataxis' (3099), 'oprd' (2326), 'predet' (1946), 'csubj' (1494),
'subtok' (1147), 'preconj' (692), 'meta' (469), 'csubjpass' (64), 'iobj' (1)
⚠ Low number of examples for label 'iobj' (1)
⚠ Low number of examples for 130 labels in the projectivized dependency
trees used for training. You may want to projectivize labels such as punct
before training in order to improve parser performance.
⚠ Projectivized labels with low numbers of examples: appos||attr: 12
advmod||dobj: 13 prep||ccomp: 12 nsubjpass||ccomp: 15 pcomp||prep: 14
amod||dobj: 9 attr||xcomp: 14 nmod||nsubj: 17 prep||advcl: 2 prep||prep: 5
nsubj||conj: 12 advcl||advmod: 18 ccomp||advmod: 11 ccomp||pcomp: 5 acl||pobj:
10 npadvmod||acomp: 7 dobj||pcomp: 14 nsubjpass||pcomp: 1 nmod||pobj: 8
amod||attr: 6 nmod||dobj: 12 aux||conj: 1 neg||conj: 1 dative||xcomp: 11
pobj||dative: 3 xcomp||acomp: 19 advcl||pobj: 2 nsubj||advcl: 2 csubj||ccomp: 1
advcl||acl: 1 relcl||nmod: 2 dobj||advcl: 10 advmod||advcl: 3 nmod||nsubjpass: 6
amod||pobj: 5 cc||neg: 1 attr||ccomp: 16 advcl||xcomp: 3 nmod||attr: 4
advcl||nsubjpass: 5 advcl||ccomp: 4 ccomp||conj: 1 punct||acl: 1 meta||acl: 1
parataxis||acl: 1 prep||acl: 1 amod||nsubj: 7 ccomp||ccomp: 3 acomp||xcomp: 5
dobj||acl: 5 prep||oprd: 6 advmod||acl: 2 dative||advcl: 1 pobj||agent: 5
xcomp||amod: 1 dep||advcl: 1 prep||amod: 8 relcl||compound: 1 advcl||csubj: 3
npadvmod||conj: 2 npadvmod||xcomp: 4 advmod||nsubj: 3 ccomp||amod: 7
advcl||conj: 1 nmod||conj: 2 advmod||nsubjpass: 2 dep||xcomp: 2 appos||ccomp: 1
advmod||dep: 1 advmod||advmod: 5 aux||xcomp: 8 dep||advmod: 1 dative||ccomp: 2
prep||dep: 1 conj||conj: 1 dep||ccomp: 4 cc||ROOT: 1 prep||ROOT: 1 nsubj||pcomp:
3 advmod||prep: 2 relcl||dative: 1 acl||conj: 1 advcl||attr: 4 prep||npadvmod: 1
nsubjpass||xcomp: 1 neg||advmod: 1 xcomp||oprd: 1 advcl||advcl: 1 dobj||dep: 3
nsubjpass||parataxis: 1 attr||pcomp: 1 ccomp||parataxis: 1 advmod||attr: 1
nmod||oprd: 1 appos||nmod: 2 advmod||relcl: 1 appos||npadvmod: 1 appos||conj: 1
prep||expl: 1 nsubjpass||conj: 1 punct||pobj: 1 cc||pobj: 1 conj||pobj: 1
punct||conj: 1 ccomp||dep: 1 oprd||xcomp: 3 ccomp||xcomp: 1 ccomp||nsubj: 1
nmod||dep: 1 xcomp||ccomp: 1 acomp||advcl: 1 intj||advmod: 1 advmod||acomp: 2
relcl||oprd: 1 advmod||prt: 1 advmod||pobj: 1 appos||nummod: 1 relcl||npadvmod:
3 mark||advcl: 1 aux||ccomp: 1 amod||nsubjpass: 1 npadvmod||advmod: 1 conj||dep:
1 nummod||pobj: 1 amod||npadvmod: 1 intj||pobj: 1 nummod||npadvmod: 1
xcomp||xcomp: 1 aux||dep: 1 advcl||relcl: 1
⚠ The following labels were found only in the train data: xcomp||amod,
advcl||relcl, prep||nsubjpass, acl||nsubj, nsubjpass||conj, xcomp||oprd,
advmod||conj, advmod||advmod, iobj, advmod||nsubjpass, dobj||conj, ccomp||amod,
meta||acl, xcomp||xcomp, prep||attr, prep||ccomp, advcl||acomp, acl||dobj,
advcl||advcl, pobj||agent, prep||advcl, nsubjpass||xcomp, prep||dep,
acomp||xcomp, aux||ccomp, ccomp||dep, conj||dep, relcl||compound,
nsubjpass||ccomp, nmod||dobj, advmod||advcl, advmod||acl, dobj||advcl,
dative||xcomp, prep||nsubj, ccomp||ccomp, nsubj||ccomp, xcomp||acomp,
prep||acomp, dep||advmod, acl||pobj, appos||dobj, npadvmod||acomp, cc||ROOT,
relcl||nsubj, nmod||pobj, acl||nsubjpass, ccomp||advmod, pcomp||prep,
amod||dobj, advmod||attr, advcl||csubj, appos||attr, dobj||pcomp, prep||ROOT,
relcl||pobj, advmod||pobj, amod||nsubj, ccomp||xcomp, prep||oprd,
npadvmod||advmod, appos||nummod, advcl||pobj, neg||advmod, acl||attr,
appos||nsubjpass, csubj||ccomp, amod||nsubjpass, intj||pobj, dep||advcl,
cc||neg, xcomp||ccomp, dative||ccomp, nmod||oprd, pobj||dative, prep||dobj,
dep||ccomp, relcl||attr, ccomp||nsubj, advcl||xcomp, nmod||dep, advcl||advmod,
ccomp||conj, pobj||prep, advmod||acomp, advmod||relcl, attr||pcomp,
ccomp||parataxis, oprd||xcomp, intj||advmod, nmod||nsubjpass, prep||npadvmod,
parataxis||acl, prep||pobj, advcl||dobj, amod||pobj, prep||acl, conj||pobj,
advmod||dep, punct||pobj, ccomp||acomp, acomp||advcl, nummod||npadvmod,
dobj||dep, npadvmod||xcomp, advcl||conj, relcl||npadvmod, punct||acl,
relcl||dobj, dobj||xcomp, nsubjpass||parataxis, dative||advcl, relcl||nmod,
advcl||ccomp, appos||npadvmod, ccomp||pcomp, prep||amod, mark||advcl,
prep||advmod, prep||xcomp, appos||nsubj, attr||ccomp, advmod||prt, dobj||ccomp,
aux||conj, advcl||nsubj, conj||conj, advmod||ccomp, advcl||nsubjpass,
attr||xcomp, nmod||conj, npadvmod||conj, relcl||dative, prep||expl,
nsubjpass||pcomp, advmod||xcomp, advmod||dobj, appos||pobj, nsubj||conj,
relcl||nsubjpass, advcl||attr, appos||ccomp, advmod||prep, prep||conj,
nmod||attr, punct||conj, neg||conj, dep||xcomp, aux||xcomp, dobj||acl,
nummod||pobj, amod||npadvmod, nsubj||pcomp, advcl||acl, appos||nmod,
relcl||oprd, prep||prep, cc||pobj, nmod||nsubj, amod||attr, aux||dep,
appos||conj, advmod||nsubj, nsubj||advcl, acl||conj
To train a parser, your data should include at least 20 instances of each label.
⚠ Multiple root labels (ROOT, nsubj, aux, npadvmod, prep) found in
training data. spaCy's parser uses a single root label ROOT so this distinction
will not be available.

================================== Summary ==================================
✔ 5 checks passed
⚠ 8 warnings
```

</Accordion>

| Argument                   | Type       | Description                                                                                                                                                          |
| -------------------------- | ---------- | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
| `config_path`              | positional | Path to [training config](/api/data-formats#config) file containing all settings and hyperparameters.                                                                |
| `--code`, `-c`             | option     | Path to Python file with additional code to be imported. Allows [registering custom functions](/usage/training#custom-models) for new architectures.                 |
| `--ignore-warnings`, `-IW` | flag       | Ignore warnings, only show stats and errors.                                                                                                                         |
| `--verbose`, `-V`          | flag       | Print additional information and explanations.                                                                                                                       |
| `--no-format`, `-NF`       | flag       | Don't pretty-print the results. Use this if you want to write to a file.                                                                                             |
| `--help`, `-h`             | flag       | Show help message and available arguments.                                                                                                                           |
| overrides                  |            | Config parameters to override. Should be options starting with `--` that correspond to the config section and value to override, e.g. `--paths.train ./train.spacy`. |

### debug profile {#debug-profile}

Profile which functions take the most time in a spaCy pipeline. Input should be
formatted as one JSON object per line with a key `"text"`. It can either be
provided as a JSONL file, or be read from `sys.sytdin`. If no input file is
specified, the IMDB dataset is loaded via
[`ml_datasets`](https://github.com/explosion/ml_datasets).

<Infobox title="New in v3.0" variant="warning">

The `profile` command is now available as a subcommand of `spacy debug`.

</Infobox>

```bash
$ python -m spacy debug profile [model] [inputs] [--n-texts]
```

| Argument          | Type                                                              | Description                                             |
| ----------------- | ----------------------------------------------------------------- | ------------------------------------------------------- |
| `model`           | positional                                                        | A loadable spaCy model.                                 |
| `inputs`          | positional                                                        | Optional path to input file, or `-` for standard input. |
| `--n-texts`, `-n` | Maximum number of texts to use if available. Defaults to `10000`. |

### debug model {#debug-model}

Debug a Thinc [`Model`](https://thinc.ai/docs/api-model) by running it on a
sample text and checking how it updates its internal weights and parameters.

```bash
$ python -m spacy debug model [config_path] [component] [--layers] [-DIM]
[-PAR] [-GRAD] [-ATTR] [-P0] [-P1] [-P2] [P3] [--gpu-id]
```

<Accordion title="Example outputs" spaced>

In this example log, we just print the name of each layer after creation of the
model ("Step 0"), which helps us to understand the internal structure of the
Neural Network, and to focus on specific layers that we want to inspect further
(see next example).

```bash
$ python -m spacy debug model ./config.cfg tagger -P0
```

```
ℹ Using CPU
ℹ Fixing random seed: 0
ℹ Analysing model with ID 62

========================== STEP 0 - before training ==========================
ℹ Layer 0: model ID 62:
'extract_features>>list2ragged>>with_array-ints-getitem>>hashembed|ints-getitem>>hashembed|ints-getitem>>hashembed|ints-getitem>>hashembed>>with_array-maxout>>layernorm>>dropout>>ragged2list>>with_array-residual>>residual>>residual>>residual>>with_array-softmax'
ℹ Layer 1: model ID 59:
'extract_features>>list2ragged>>with_array-ints-getitem>>hashembed|ints-getitem>>hashembed|ints-getitem>>hashembed|ints-getitem>>hashembed>>with_array-maxout>>layernorm>>dropout>>ragged2list>>with_array-residual>>residual>>residual>>residual'
ℹ Layer 2: model ID 61: 'with_array-softmax'
ℹ Layer 3: model ID 24:
'extract_features>>list2ragged>>with_array-ints-getitem>>hashembed|ints-getitem>>hashembed|ints-getitem>>hashembed|ints-getitem>>hashembed>>with_array-maxout>>layernorm>>dropout>>ragged2list'
ℹ Layer 4: model ID 58: 'with_array-residual>>residual>>residual>>residual'
ℹ Layer 5: model ID 60: 'softmax'
ℹ Layer 6: model ID 13: 'extract_features'
ℹ Layer 7: model ID 14: 'list2ragged'
ℹ Layer 8: model ID 16:
'with_array-ints-getitem>>hashembed|ints-getitem>>hashembed|ints-getitem>>hashembed|ints-getitem>>hashembed'
ℹ Layer 9: model ID 22: 'with_array-maxout>>layernorm>>dropout'
ℹ Layer 10: model ID 23: 'ragged2list'
ℹ Layer 11: model ID 57: 'residual>>residual>>residual>>residual'
ℹ Layer 12: model ID 15:
'ints-getitem>>hashembed|ints-getitem>>hashembed|ints-getitem>>hashembed|ints-getitem>>hashembed'
ℹ Layer 13: model ID 21: 'maxout>>layernorm>>dropout'
ℹ Layer 14: model ID 32: 'residual'
ℹ Layer 15: model ID 40: 'residual'
ℹ Layer 16: model ID 48: 'residual'
ℹ Layer 17: model ID 56: 'residual'
ℹ Layer 18: model ID 3: 'ints-getitem>>hashembed'
ℹ Layer 19: model ID 6: 'ints-getitem>>hashembed'
ℹ Layer 20: model ID 9: 'ints-getitem>>hashembed'
...
```

In this example log, we see how initialization of the model (Step 1) propagates
the correct values for the `nI` (input) and `nO` (output) dimensions of the
various layers. In the `softmax` layer, this step also defines the `W` matrix as
an all-zero matrix determined by the `nO` and `nI` dimensions. After a first
training step (Step 2), this matrix has clearly updated its values through the
training feedback loop.

```bash
$ python -m spacy debug model ./config.cfg tagger -l "5,15" -DIM -PAR -P0 -P1 -P2
```

```
ℹ Using CPU
ℹ Fixing random seed: 0
ℹ Analysing model with ID 62

========================= STEP 0 - before training =========================
ℹ Layer 5: model ID 60: 'softmax'
ℹ  - dim nO: None
ℹ  - dim nI: 96
ℹ  - param W: None
ℹ  - param b: None
ℹ Layer 15: model ID 40: 'residual'
ℹ  - dim nO: None
ℹ  - dim nI: None

======================= STEP 1 - after initialization =======================
ℹ Layer 5: model ID 60: 'softmax'
ℹ  - dim nO: 4
ℹ  - dim nI: 96
ℹ  - param W: (4, 96) - sample: [0. 0. 0. 0. 0.]
ℹ  - param b: (4,) - sample: [0. 0. 0. 0.]
ℹ Layer 15: model ID 40: 'residual'
ℹ  - dim nO: 96
ℹ  - dim nI: None

========================== STEP 2 - after training ==========================
ℹ Layer 5: model ID 60: 'softmax'
ℹ  - dim nO: 4
ℹ  - dim nI: 96
ℹ  - param W: (4, 96) - sample: [ 0.00283958 -0.00294119  0.00268396 -0.00296219
-0.00297141]
ℹ  - param b: (4,) - sample: [0.00300002 0.00300002 0.00300002 0.00300002]
ℹ Layer 15: model ID 40: 'residual'
ℹ  - dim nO: 96
ℹ  - dim nI: None
```

</Accordion>

| Argument                | Type       | Description                                                                                           | Default |
| ----------------------- | ---------- | ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | ------- |
| `config_path`           | positional | Path to [training config](/api/data-formats#config) file containing all settings and hyperparameters. |         |
| `component`             | positional | Name of the pipeline component of which the model should be analyzed.                                 |         |
| `--layers`, `-l`        | option     | Comma-separated names of layer IDs to print.                                                          |         |
| `--dimensions`, `-DIM`  | option     | Show dimensions of each layer.                                                                        | `False` |
| `--parameters`, `-PAR`  | option     | Show parameters of each layer.                                                                        | `False` |
| `--gradients`, `-GRAD`  | option     | Show gradients of each layer.                                                                         | `False` |
| `--attributes`, `-ATTR` | option     | Show attributes of each layer.                                                                        | `False` |
| `--print-step0`, `-P0`  | option     | Print model before training.                                                                          | `False` |
| `--print-step1`, `-P1`  | option     | Print model after initialization.                                                                     | `False` |
| `--print-step2`, `-P2`  | option     | Print model after training.                                                                           | `False` |
| `--print-step3`, `-P3`  | option     | Print final predictions.                                                                              | `False` |
| `--help`, `-h`          | flag       | Show help message and available arguments.                                                            |         |

## Train {#train}

Train a model. Expects data in spaCy's
[binary format](/api/data-formats#training) and a
[config file](/api/data-formats#config) with all settings and hyperparameters.
Will save out the best model from all epochs, as well as the final model. The
`--code` argument can be used to provide a Python file that's imported before
the training process starts. This lets you register
[custom functions](/usage/training#custom-models) and architectures and refer to
them in your config, all while still using spaCy's built-in `train` workflow. If
you need to manage complex multi-step training workflows, check out the new
[spaCy projects](/usage/projects).

<Infobox title="New in v3.0" variant="warning">

The `train` command doesn't take a long list of command-line arguments anymore
and instead expects a single [`config.cfg` file](/usage/training#config)
containing all settings for the pipeline, training process and hyperparameters.
Config values can be [overwritten](/usage/training#config-overrides) on the CLI
if needed. For example, `--paths.train ./train.spacy` sets the variable `train`
in the section `[paths]`.

</Infobox>

```bash
$ python -m spacy train [config_path] [--output] [--code] [--verbose] [overrides]
```

| Argument          | Type       | Description                                                                                                                                                          |
| ----------------- | ---------- | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
| `config_path`     | positional | Path to [training config](/api/data-formats#config) file containing all settings and hyperparameters.                                                                |
| `--output`, `-o`  | positional | Directory to store model in. Will be created if it doesn't exist.                                                                                                    |
| `--code`, `-c`    | option     | Path to Python file with additional code to be imported. Allows [registering custom functions](/usage/training#custom-models) for new architectures.                 |
| `--verbose`, `-V` | flag       | Show more detailed messages during training.                                                                                                                         |
| `--help`, `-h`    | flag       | Show help message and available arguments.                                                                                                                           |
| overrides         |            | Config parameters to override. Should be options starting with `--` that correspond to the config section and value to override, e.g. `--paths.train ./train.spacy`. |
| **CREATES**       | model      | The final model and the best model.                                                                                                                                  |

## Pretrain {#pretrain new="2.1" tag="experimental"}

Pretrain the "token to vector" ([`Tok2vec`](/api/tok2vec)) layer of pipeline
components on [raw text](/api/data-formats#pretrain), using an approximate
language-modeling objective. Specifically, we load pretrained vectors, and train
a component like a CNN, BiLSTM, etc to predict vectors which match the
pretrained ones. The weights are saved to a directory after each epoch. You can
then include a **path to one of these pretrained weights files** in your
[training config](/usage/training#config) as the `init_tok2vec` setting when you
train your model. This technique may be especially helpful if you have little
labelled data. See the usage docs on [pretraining](/usage/training#pretraining)
for more info.

<Infobox title="Changed in v3.0" variant="warning">

As of spaCy v3.0, the `pretrain` command takes the same
[config file](/usage/training#config) as the `train` command. This ensures that
settings are consistent between pretraining and training. Settings for
pretraining can be defined in the `[pretraining]` block of the config file. See
the [data format](/api/data-formats#config) for details.

</Infobox>

```bash
$ python -m spacy pretrain [texts_loc] [output_dir] [config_path]
[--code] [--resume-path] [--epoch-resume] [overrides]
```

| Argument                | Type       | Description                                                                                                                                                                  |
| ----------------------- | ---------- | ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
| `texts_loc`             | positional | Path to JSONL file with raw texts to learn from, with text provided as the key `"text"` or tokens as the key `"tokens"`. [See here](/api/data-formats#pretrain) for details. |
| `output_dir`            | positional | Directory to write models to on each epoch.                                                                                                                                  |
| `config_path`           | positional | Path to [training config](/api/data-formats#config) file containing all settings and hyperparameters.                                                                        |
| `--code`, `-c`          | option     | Path to Python file with additional code to be imported. Allows [registering custom functions](/usage/training#custom-models) for new architectures.                         |
| `--resume-path`, `-r`   | option     | Path to pretrained weights from which to resume pretraining.                                                                                                                 |
| `--epoch-resume`, `-er` | option     | The epoch to resume counting from when using `--resume-path`. Prevents unintended overwriting of existing weight files.                                                      |
| `--help`, `-h`          | flag       | Show help message and available arguments.                                                                                                                                   |
| overrides               |            | Config parameters to override. Should be options starting with `--` that correspond to the config section and value to override, e.g. `--training.use_gpu 1`.                |
| **CREATES**             | weights    | The pretrained weights that can be used to initialize `spacy train`.                                                                                                         |

## Evaluate {#evaluate new="2"}

Evaluate a model. Expects a loadable spaCy model and evaluation data in the
[binary `.spacy` format](/api/data-formats#binary-training). The
`--gold-preproc` option sets up the evaluation examples with gold-standard
sentences and tokens for the predictions. Gold preprocessing helps the
annotations align to the tokenization, and may result in sequences of more
consistent length. However, it may reduce runtime accuracy due to train/test
skew. To render a sample of dependency parses in a HTML file using the
[displaCy visualizations](/usage/visualizers), set as output directory as the
`--displacy-path` argument.

```bash
$ python -m spacy evaluate [model] [data_path] [--output] [--gold-preproc]
[--gpu-id] [--displacy-path] [--displacy-limit]
```

| Argument                  | Type                 | Description                                                                                                                                              |
| ------------------------- | -------------------- | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
| `model`                   | positional           | Model to evaluate. Can be a package or a path to a model data directory.                                                                                 |
| `data_path`               | positional           | Location of evaluation data in spaCy's [binary format](/api/data-formats#training).                                                                      |
| `--output`, `-o`          | option               | Output JSON file for metrics. If not set, no metrics will be exported.                                                                                   |
| `--gold-preproc`, `-G`    | flag                 | Use gold preprocessing.                                                                                                                                  |
| `--gpu-id`, `-g`          | option               | GPU to use, if any. Defaults to `-1` for CPU.                                                                                                            |
| `--displacy-path`, `-dp`  | option               | Directory to output rendered parses as HTML. If not set, no visualizations will be generated.                                                            |
| `--displacy-limit`, `-dl` | option               | Number of parses to generate per file. Defaults to `25`. Keep in mind that a significantly higher number might cause the `.html` files to render slowly. |
| **CREATES**               | `stdout`, JSON, HTML | Training results and optional metrics and visualizations.                                                                                                |

## Package {#package}

Generate an installable
[model Python package](/usage/training#models-generating) from an existing model
data directory. All data files are copied over. If the path to a `meta.json` is
supplied, or a `meta.json` is found in the input directory, this file is used.
Otherwise, the data can be entered directly from the command line. spaCy will
then create a `.tar.gz` archive file that you can distribute and install with
`pip install`.

<Infobox title="New in v3.0" variant="warning">

The `spacy package` command now also builds the `.tar.gz` archive automatically,
so you don't have to run `python setup.py sdist` separately anymore. To disable
this, you can set the `--no-sdist` flag.

</Infobox>

```bash
$ python -m spacy package [input_dir] [output_dir] [--meta-path] [--create-meta]
[--no-sdist] [--version] [--force]
```

> #### Example
>
> ```bash
> python -m spacy package /input /output
> cd /output/en_model-0.0.0
> pip install dist/en_model-0.0.0.tar.gz
> ```

| Argument                                         | Type       | Description                                                                                                                                                                                     |
| ------------------------------------------------ | ---------- | ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
| `input_dir`                                      | positional | Path to directory containing model data.                                                                                                                                                        |
| `output_dir`                                     | positional | Directory to create package folder in.                                                                                                                                                          |
| `--meta-path`, `-m` <Tag variant="new">2</Tag>   | option     | Path to `meta.json` file (optional).                                                                                                                                                            |
| `--create-meta`, `-C` <Tag variant="new">2</Tag> | flag       | Create a `meta.json` file on the command line, even if one already exists in the directory. If an existing file is found, its entries will be shown as the defaults in the command line prompt. |
| `--no-sdist`, `-NS`,                             | flag       | Don't build the `.tar.gz` sdist automatically. Can be set if you want to run this step manually.                                                                                                |
| `--version`, `-v` <Tag variant="new">3</Tag>     | option     | Package version to override in meta. Useful when training new versions, as it doesn't require editing the meta template.                                                                        |
| `--force`, `-f`                                  | flag       | Force overwriting of existing folder in output directory.                                                                                                                                       |
| `--help`, `-h`                                   | flag       | Show help message and available arguments.                                                                                                                                                      |
| **CREATES**                                      | directory  | A Python package containing the spaCy model.                                                                                                                                                    |

## Project {#project new="3"}

The `spacy project` CLI includes subcommands for working with
[spaCy projects](/usage/projects), end-to-end workflows for building and
deploying custom spaCy models.

### project clone {#project-clone}

Clone a project template from a Git repository. Calls into `git` under the hood
and uses the sparse checkout feature, so you're only downloading what you need.
By default, spaCy's
[project templates repo](https://github.com/explosion/projects) is used, but you
can provide any other repo (public or private) that you have access to using the
`--repo` option.

<!-- TODO: update example once we've decided on repo structure -->

```bash
$ python -m spacy project clone [name] [dest] [--repo]
```

> #### Example
>
> ```bash
> $ python -m spacy project clone some_example
> ```
>
> Clone from custom repo:
>
> ```bash
> $ python -m spacy project clone template --repo https://github.com/your_org/your_repo
> ```

| Argument       | Type       | Description                                                                                                                  |
| -------------- | ---------- | ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
| `name`         | positional | The name of the template to clone, relative to the repo. Can be a top-level directory or a subdirectory like `dir/template`. |
| `dest`         | positional | Where to clone the project. Defaults to current working directory.                                                           |
| `--repo`, `-r` | option     | The repository to clone from. Can be any public or private Git repo you have access to.                                      |
| `--help`, `-h` | flag       | Show help message and available arguments.                                                                                   |
| **CREATES**    | directory  | The cloned [project directory](/usage/projects#project-files).                                                               |

### project assets {#project-assets}

Fetch project assets like datasets and pretrained weights. Assets are defined in
the `assets` section of the [`project.yml`](/usage/projects#project-yml). If a
`checksum` is provided, the file is only downloaded if no local file with the
same checksum exists and spaCy will show an error if the checksum of the
downloaded file doesn't match. If assets don't specify a `url` they're
considered "private" and you have to take care of putting them into the
destination directory yourself. If a local path is provided, the asset is copied
into the current project.

```bash
$ python -m spacy project assets [project_dir]
```

> #### Example
>
> ```bash
> $ python -m spacy project assets
> ```

| Argument       | Type       | Description                                                       |
| -------------- | ---------- | ----------------------------------------------------------------- |
| `project_dir`  | positional | Path to project directory. Defaults to current working directory. |
| `--help`, `-h` | flag       | Show help message and available arguments.                        |
| **CREATES**    | files      | Downloaded or copied assets defined in the `project.yml`.         |

### project run {#project-run}

Run a named command or workflow defined in the
[`project.yml`](/usage/projects#project-yml). If a workflow name is specified,
all commands in the workflow are run, in order. If commands define
[dependencies or outputs](/usage/projects#deps-outputs), they will only be
re-run if state has changed. For example, if the input dataset changes, a
preprocessing command that depends on those files will be re-run.

```bash
$ python -m spacy project run [subcommand] [project_dir] [--force] [--dry]
```

> #### Example
>
> ```bash
> $ python -m spacy project run train
> ```

| Argument        | Type       | Description                                                       |
| --------------- | ---------- | ----------------------------------------------------------------- |
| `subcommand`    | positional | Name of the command or workflow to run.                           |
| `project_dir`   | positional | Path to project directory. Defaults to current working directory. |
| `--force`, `-F` | flag       | Force re-running steps, even if nothing changed.                  |
| `--dry`, `-D`   | flag       |  Perform a dry run and don't execute scripts.                     |
| `--help`, `-h`  | flag       | Show help message and available arguments.                        |

### project dvc {#project-dvc}

Auto-generate [Data Version Control](https://dvc.org) (DVC) config file. Calls
[`dvc run`](https://dvc.org/doc/command-reference/run) with `--no-exec` under
the hood to generate the `dvc.yaml`. A DVC project can only define one pipeline,
so you need to specify one workflow defined in the
[`project.yml`](/usage/projects#project-yml). If no workflow is specified, the
first defined workflow is used. The DVC config will only be updated if the
`project.yml` changed. For details, see the
[DVC integration](/usage/projects#dvc) docs.

<Infobox variant="warning">

This command requires DVC to be installed and initialized in the project
directory, e.g. via [`dvc init`](https://dvc.org/doc/command-reference/init).
You'll also need to add the assets you want to track with
[`dvc add`](https://dvc.org/doc/command-reference/add).

</Infobox>

```bash
$ python -m spacy project dvc [project_dir] [workflow] [--force] [--verbose]
```

> #### Example
>
> ```bash
> git init
> dvc init
> python -m spacy project dvc all
> ```

| Argument          | Type       | Description                                                                       |
| ----------------- | ---------- | --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
| `project_dir`     | positional | Path to project directory. Defaults to current working directory.                 |
| `workflow`        | positional | Name of workflow defined in `project.yml`. Defaults to first workflow if not set. |
| `--force`, `-F`   | flag       | Force-updating config file.                                                       |
| `--verbose`, `-V` | flag       |  Print more output generated by DVC.                                              |
| `--help`, `-h`    | flag       | Show help message and available arguments.                                        |