* add lemma option to displacy 'dep' visualiser
* more compact list comprehension
* add option to doc
* fix test and add lemmas to util.get_doc
* fix capital
* remove lemma from get_doc
* cleanup
* Add default to util.get_entry_point
* Tidy up entry points
* Read lookups from entry points
* Remove lookup tables and related tests
* Add lookups install option
* Remove lemmatizer tests
* Remove logic to process language data files
* Update setup.cfg
* Fix typo in rule-based matching docs
* Improve token pattern checking without validation
Add more detailed token pattern checks without full JSON pattern validation and
provide more detailed error messages.
Addresses #4070 (also related: #4063, #4100).
* Check whether top-level attributes in patterns and attr for PhraseMatcher are
in token pattern schema
* Check whether attribute value types are supported in general (as opposed to
per attribute with full validation)
* Report various internal error types (OverflowError, AttributeError, KeyError)
as ValueError with standard error messages
* Check for tagger/parser in PhraseMatcher pipeline for attributes TAG, POS,
LEMMA, and DEP
* Add error messages with relevant details on how to use validate=True or nlp()
instead of nlp.make_doc()
* Support attr=TEXT for PhraseMatcher
* Add NORM to schema
* Expand tests for pattern validation, Matcher, PhraseMatcher, and EntityRuler
* Remove unnecessary .keys()
* Rephrase error messages
* Add another type check to Matcher
Add another type check to Matcher for more understandable error messages
in some rare cases.
* Support phrase_matcher_attr=TEXT for EntityRuler
* Don't use spacy.errors in examples and bin scripts
* Fix error code
* Auto-format
Also try get Azure pipelines to finally start a build :(
* Update errors.py
Co-authored-by: Ines Montani <ines@ines.io>
Co-authored-by: Matthew Honnibal <honnibal+gh@gmail.com>
* customizable template for entities display, allowing to pass additional parameters along each entity
* contributor agreement
* simpler naming for the additional parameters given to the span entities renderer
Co-Authored-By: Ines Montani <ines@ines.io>
* change of default parameter, as suggested
Co-Authored-By: Ines Montani <ines@ines.io>
Closes#2091.
## Description
With the new `vocab.writing_system` property introduced in #3390 (exposed via the language defaults), I was able to finally fix this (I think!). Based on the `Doc`, dispaCy now detects whether it's a RTL or LTR language and adjusts the visualization accordingly. Wherever possible, I've also added `direction` and `lang` attributes.
Entity visualization now looks like this:
<img width="318" alt="Screenshot 2019-03-11 at 16 06 51" src="https://user-images.githubusercontent.com/13643239/54136866-d97afd80-441c-11e9-8c27-3d46994cc833.png">
And dependencies like this (ignore the most likely incorrect tags and dependencies):
<img width="621" alt="Screenshot 2019-03-11 at 16 51 59" src="https://user-images.githubusercontent.com/13643239/54137771-8b66f980-441e-11e9-8460-0682b95eef2a.png">
### Types of change
enhancement, bug fix
## Checklist
<!--- Before you submit the PR, go over this checklist and make sure you can
tick off all the boxes. [] -> [x] -->
- [x] I have submitted the spaCy Contributor Agreement.
- [x] I ran the tests, and all new and existing tests passed.
- [x] My changes don't require a change to the documentation, or if they do, I've added all required information.
<!--- Provide a general summary of your changes in the title. -->
## Description
* tidy up and adjust Cython code to code style
* improve docstrings and make calling `help()` nicer
* add URLs to new docs pages to docstrings wherever possible, mostly to user-facing objects
* fix various typos and inconsistencies in docs
### Types of change
enhancement, docs
## Checklist
<!--- Before you submit the PR, go over this checklist and make sure you can
tick off all the boxes. [] -> [x] -->
- [x] I have submitted the spaCy Contributor Agreement.
- [x] I ran the tests, and all new and existing tests passed.
- [x] My changes don't require a change to the documentation, or if they do, I've added all required information.
Resolves#3208.
Prevent interactions with other libraries (pandas) that also access `get_ipython().config` and its parameters. See #3208 for details. I don't fully understand why this happens, but in spaCy, we can at least make sure we avoid calling into this method.
<!--- Provide a general summary of your changes in the title. -->
## Description
<!--- Use this section to describe your changes. If your changes required
testing, include information about the testing environment and the tests you
ran. If your test fixes a bug reported in an issue, don't forget to include the
issue number. If your PR is still a work in progress, that's totally fine – just
include a note to let us know. -->
### Types of change
<!-- What type of change does your PR cover? Is it a bug fix, an enhancement
or new feature, or a change to the documentation? -->
## Checklist
<!--- Before you submit the PR, go over this checklist and make sure you can
tick off all the boxes. [] -> [x] -->
- [x] I have submitted the spaCy Contributor Agreement.
- [x] I ran the tests, and all new and existing tests passed.
- [x] My changes don't require a change to the documentation, or if they do, I've added all required information.
## Description
- [x] fix auto-detection of Jupyter notebooks (even if `jupyter=True` isn't set)
- [x] add `displacy.set_render_wrapper` method to define a custom function called around the HTML markup generated in all calls to `displacy.render` (can be used to allow custom integrations, callbacks and page formatting)
- [x] add option to customise host for web server
- [x] show warning if `displacy.serve` is called from within Jupyter notebooks
- [x] move error message to `spacy.errors.Errors`.
### Types of change
enhancement
## Checklist
<!--- Before you submit the PR, go over this checklist and make sure you can
tick off all the boxes. [] -> [x] -->
- [x] I have submitted the spaCy Contributor Agreement.
- [x] I ran the tests, and all new and existing tests passed.
- [x] My changes don't require a change to the documentation, or if they do, I've added all required information.
* Support nowrap setting in util.prints
* Tidy up and fix whitespace
* Simplify script and use read_jsonl helper
* Add JSON schemas (see #2928)
* Deprecate Doc.print_tree
Will be replaced with Doc.to_json, which will produce a unified format
* Add Doc.to_json() method (see #2928)
Converts Doc objects to JSON using the same unified format as the training data. Method also supports serializing selected custom attributes in the doc._. space.
* Remove outdated test
* Add write_json and write_jsonl helpers
* WIP: Update spacy train
* Tidy up spacy train
* WIP: Use wasabi for formatting
* Add GoldParse helpers for JSON format
* WIP: add debug-data command
* Fix typo
* Add missing import
* Update wasabi pin
* Add missing import
* 💫 Refactor CLI (#2943)
To be merged into #2932.
## Description
- [x] refactor CLI To use [`wasabi`](https://github.com/ines/wasabi)
- [x] use [`black`](https://github.com/ambv/black) for auto-formatting
- [x] add `flake8` config
- [x] move all messy UD-related scripts to `cli.ud`
- [x] make converters function that take the opened file and return the converted data (instead of having them handle the IO)
### Types of change
enhancement
## Checklist
<!--- Before you submit the PR, go over this checklist and make sure you can
tick off all the boxes. [] -> [x] -->
- [x] I have submitted the spaCy Contributor Agreement.
- [x] I ran the tests, and all new and existing tests passed.
- [x] My changes don't require a change to the documentation, or if they do, I've added all required information.
* Update wasabi pin
* Delete old test
* Update errors
* Fix typo
* Tidy up and format remaining code
* Fix formatting
* Improve formatting of messages
* Auto-format remaining code
* Add tok2vec stuff to spacy.train
* Fix typo
* Update wasabi pin
* Fix path checks for when train() is called as function
* Reformat and tidy up pretrain script
* Update argument annotations
* Raise error if model language doesn't match lang
* Document new train command
<!--- Provide a general summary of your changes in the title. -->
## Description
- [x] Use [`black`](https://github.com/ambv/black) to auto-format all `.py` files.
- [x] Update flake8 config to exclude very large files (lemmatization tables etc.)
- [x] Update code to be compatible with flake8 rules
- [x] Fix various small bugs, inconsistencies and messy stuff in the language data
- [x] Update docs to explain new code style (`black`, `flake8`, when to use `# fmt: off` and `# fmt: on` and what `# noqa` means)
Once #2932 is merged, which auto-formats and tidies up the CLI, we'll be able to run `flake8 spacy` actually get meaningful results.
At the moment, the code style and linting isn't applied automatically, but I'm hoping that the new [GitHub Actions](https://github.com/features/actions) will let us auto-format pull requests and post comments with relevant linting information.
### Types of change
enhancement, code style
## Checklist
<!--- Before you submit the PR, go over this checklist and make sure you can
tick off all the boxes. [] -> [x] -->
- [x] I have submitted the spaCy Contributor Agreement.
- [x] I ran the tests, and all new and existing tests passed.
- [x] My changes don't require a change to the documentation, or if they do, I've added all required information.
* Create aryaprabhudesai.md (#2681)
* Update _install.jade (#2688)
Typo fix: "models" -> "model"
* Add FAC to spacy.explain (resolves#2706)
* Remove docstrings for deprecated arguments (see #2703)
* When calling getoption() in conftest.py, pass a default option (#2709)
* When calling getoption() in conftest.py, pass a default option
This is necessary to allow testing an installed spacy by running:
pytest --pyargs spacy
* Add contributor agreement
* update bengali token rules for hyphen and digits (#2731)
* Less norm computations in token similarity (#2730)
* Less norm computations in token similarity
* Contributor agreement
* Remove ')' for clarity (#2737)
Sorry, don't mean to be nitpicky, I just noticed this when going through the CLI and thought it was a quick fix. That said, if this was intention than please let me know.
* added contributor agreement for mbkupfer (#2738)
* Basic support for Telugu language (#2751)
* Lex _attrs for polish language (#2750)
* Signed spaCy contributor agreement
* Added polish version of english lex_attrs
* Introduces a bulk merge function, in order to solve issue #653 (#2696)
* Fix comment
* Introduce bulk merge to increase performance on many span merges
* Sign contributor agreement
* Implement pull request suggestions
* Describe converters more explicitly (see #2643)
* Add multi-threading note to Language.pipe (resolves#2582) [ci skip]
* Fix formatting
* Fix dependency scheme docs (closes#2705) [ci skip]
* Don't set stop word in example (closes#2657) [ci skip]
* Add words to portuguese language _num_words (#2759)
* Add words to portuguese language _num_words
* Add words to portuguese language _num_words
* Update Indonesian model (#2752)
* adding e-KTP in tokenizer exceptions list
* add exception token
* removing lines with containing space as it won't matter since we use .split() method in the end, added new tokens in exception
* add tokenizer exceptions list
* combining base_norms with norm_exceptions
* adding norm_exception
* fix double key in lemmatizer
* remove unused import on punctuation.py
* reformat stop_words to reduce number of lines, improve readibility
* updating tokenizer exception
* implement is_currency for lang/id
* adding orth_first_upper in tokenizer_exceptions
* update the norm_exception list
* remove bunch of abbreviations
* adding contributors file
* Fixed spaCy+Keras example (#2763)
* bug fixes in keras example
* created contributor agreement
* Adding French hyphenated first name (#2786)
* Fix typo (closes#2784)
* Fix typo (#2795) [ci skip]
Fixed typo on line 6 "regcognizer --> recognizer"
* Adding basic support for Sinhala language. (#2788)
* adding Sinhala language package, stop words, examples and lex_attrs.
* Adding contributor agreement
* Updating contributor agreement
* Also include lowercase norm exceptions
* Fix error (#2802)
* Fix error
ValueError: cannot resize an array that references or is referenced
by another array in this way. Use the resize function
* added spaCy Contributor Agreement
* Add charlax's contributor agreement (#2805)
* agreement of contributor, may I introduce a tiny pl languge contribution (#2799)
* Contributors agreement
* Contributors agreement
* Contributors agreement
* Add jupyter=True to displacy.render in documentation (#2806)
* Revert "Also include lowercase norm exceptions"
This reverts commit 70f4e8adf3.
* Remove deprecated encoding argument to msgpack
* Set up dependency tree pattern matching skeleton (#2732)
* Fix bug when too many entity types. Fixes#2800
* Fix Python 2 test failure
* Require older msgpack-numpy
* Restore encoding arg on msgpack-numpy
* Try to fix version pin for msgpack-numpy
* Update Portuguese Language (#2790)
* Add words to portuguese language _num_words
* Add words to portuguese language _num_words
* Portuguese - Add/remove stopwords, fix tokenizer, add currency symbols
* Extended punctuation and norm_exceptions in the Portuguese language
* Correct error in spacy universe docs concerning spacy-lookup (#2814)
* Update Keras Example for (Parikh et al, 2016) implementation (#2803)
* bug fixes in keras example
* created contributor agreement
* baseline for Parikh model
* initial version of parikh 2016 implemented
* tested asymmetric models
* fixed grevious error in normalization
* use standard SNLI test file
* begin to rework parikh example
* initial version of running example
* start to document the new version
* start to document the new version
* Update Decompositional Attention.ipynb
* fixed calls to similarity
* updated the README
* import sys package duh
* simplified indexing on mapping word to IDs
* stupid python indent error
* added code from https://github.com/tensorflow/tensorflow/issues/3388 for tf bug workaround
* Fix typo (closes#2815) [ci skip]
* Update regex version dependency
* Set version to 2.0.13.dev3
* Skip seemingly problematic test
* Remove problematic test
* Try previous version of regex
* Revert "Remove problematic test"
This reverts commit bdebbef455.
* Unskip test
* Try older version of regex
* 💫 Update training examples and use minibatching (#2830)
<!--- Provide a general summary of your changes in the title. -->
## Description
Update the training examples in `/examples/training` to show usage of spaCy's `minibatch` and `compounding` helpers ([see here](https://spacy.io/usage/training#tips-batch-size) for details). The lack of batching in the examples has caused some confusion in the past, especially for beginners who would copy-paste the examples, update them with large training sets and experienced slow and unsatisfying results.
### Types of change
enhancements
## Checklist
<!--- Before you submit the PR, go over this checklist and make sure you can
tick off all the boxes. [] -> [x] -->
- [x] I have submitted the spaCy Contributor Agreement.
- [x] I ran the tests, and all new and existing tests passed.
- [x] My changes don't require a change to the documentation, or if they do, I've added all required information.
* Visual C++ link updated (#2842) (closes#2841) [ci skip]
* New landing page
* Add contribution agreement
* Correcting lang/ru/examples.py (#2845)
* Correct some grammatical inaccuracies in lang\ru\examples.py; filled Contributor Agreement
* Correct some grammatical inaccuracies in lang\ru\examples.py
* Move contributor agreement to separate file
* Set version to 2.0.13.dev4
* Add Persian(Farsi) language support (#2797)
* Also include lowercase norm exceptions
* Remove in favour of https://github.com/explosion/spaCy/graphs/contributors
* Rule-based French Lemmatizer (#2818)
<!--- Provide a general summary of your changes in the title. -->
## Description
<!--- Use this section to describe your changes. If your changes required
testing, include information about the testing environment and the tests you
ran. If your test fixes a bug reported in an issue, don't forget to include the
issue number. If your PR is still a work in progress, that's totally fine – just
include a note to let us know. -->
Add a rule-based French Lemmatizer following the english one and the excellent PR for [greek language optimizations](https://github.com/explosion/spaCy/pull/2558) to adapt the Lemmatizer class.
### Types of change
<!-- What type of change does your PR cover? Is it a bug fix, an enhancement
or new feature, or a change to the documentation? -->
- Lemma dictionary used can be found [here](http://infolingu.univ-mlv.fr/DonneesLinguistiques/Dictionnaires/telechargement.html), I used the XML version.
- Add several files containing exhaustive list of words for each part of speech
- Add some lemma rules
- Add POS that are not checked in the standard Lemmatizer, i.e PRON, DET, ADV and AUX
- Modify the Lemmatizer class to check in lookup table as a last resort if POS not mentionned
- Modify the lemmatize function to check in lookup table as a last resort
- Init files are updated so the model can support all the functionalities mentioned above
- Add words to tokenizer_exceptions_list.py in respect to regex used in tokenizer_exceptions.py
## Checklist
<!--- Before you submit the PR, go over this checklist and make sure you can
tick off all the boxes. [] -> [x] -->
- [X] I have submitted the spaCy Contributor Agreement.
- [X] I ran the tests, and all new and existing tests passed.
- [X] My changes don't require a change to the documentation, or if they do, I've added all required information.
* Set version to 2.0.13
* Fix formatting and consistency
* Update docs for new version [ci skip]
* Increment version [ci skip]
* Add info on wheels [ci skip]
* Adding "This is a sentence" example to Sinhala (#2846)
* Add wheels badge
* Update badge [ci skip]
* Update README.rst [ci skip]
* Update murmurhash pin
* Increment version to 2.0.14.dev0
* Update GPU docs for v2.0.14
* Add wheel to setup_requires
* Import prefer_gpu and require_gpu functions from Thinc
* Add tests for prefer_gpu() and require_gpu()
* Update requirements and setup.py
* Workaround bug in thinc require_gpu
* Set version to v2.0.14
* Update push-tag script
* Unhack prefer_gpu
* Require thinc 6.10.6
* Update prefer_gpu and require_gpu docs [ci skip]
* Fix specifiers for GPU
* Set version to 2.0.14.dev1
* Set version to 2.0.14
* Update Thinc version pin
* Increment version
* Fix msgpack-numpy version pin
* Increment version
* Update version to 2.0.16
* Update version [ci skip]
* Redundant ')' in the Stop words' example (#2856)
<!--- Provide a general summary of your changes in the title. -->
## Description
<!--- Use this section to describe your changes. If your changes required
testing, include information about the testing environment and the tests you
ran. If your test fixes a bug reported in an issue, don't forget to include the
issue number. If your PR is still a work in progress, that's totally fine – just
include a note to let us know. -->
### Types of change
<!-- What type of change does your PR cover? Is it a bug fix, an enhancement
or new feature, or a change to the documentation? -->
## Checklist
<!--- Before you submit the PR, go over this checklist and make sure you can
tick off all the boxes. [] -> [x] -->
- [ ] I have submitted the spaCy Contributor Agreement.
- [ ] I ran the tests, and all new and existing tests passed.
- [ ] My changes don't require a change to the documentation, or if they do, I've added all required information.
* Documentation improvement regarding joblib and SO (#2867)
Some documentation improvements
## Description
1. Fixed the dead URL to joblib
2. Fixed Stack Overflow brand name (with space)
### Types of change
Documentation
## Checklist
<!--- Before you submit the PR, go over this checklist and make sure you can
tick off all the boxes. [] -> [x] -->
- [x] I have submitted the spaCy Contributor Agreement.
- [x] I ran the tests, and all new and existing tests passed.
- [x] My changes don't require a change to the documentation, or if they do, I've added all required information.
* raise error when setting overlapping entities as doc.ents (#2880)
* Fix out-of-bounds access in NER training
The helper method state.B(1) gets the index of the first token of the
buffer, or -1 if no such token exists. Normally this is safe because we
pass this to functions like state.safe_get(), which returns an empty
token. Here we used it directly as an array index, which is not okay!
This error may have been the cause of out-of-bounds access errors during
training. Similar errors may still be around, so much be hunted down.
Hunting this one down took a long time...I printed out values across
training runs and diffed, looking for points of divergence between
runs, when no randomness should be allowed.
* Change PyThaiNLP Url (#2876)
* Fix missing comma
* Add example showing a fix-up rule for space entities
* Set version to 2.0.17.dev0
* Update regex version
* Revert "Update regex version"
This reverts commit 62358dd867.
* Try setting older regex version, to align with conda
* Set version to 2.0.17
* Add spacy-js to universe [ci-skip]
* Add spacy-raspberry to universe (closes#2889)
* Add script to validate universe json [ci skip]
* Removed space in docs + added contributor indo (#2909)
* - removed unneeded space in documentation
* - added contributor info
* Allow input text of length up to max_length, inclusive (#2922)
* Include universe spec for spacy-wordnet component (#2919)
* feat: include universe spec for spacy-wordnet component
* chore: include spaCy contributor agreement
* Minor formatting changes [ci skip]
* Fix image [ci skip]
Twitter URL doesn't work on live site
* Check if the word is in one of the regular lists specific to each POS (#2886)
* 💫 Create random IDs for SVGs to prevent ID clashes (#2927)
Resolves#2924.
## Description
Fixes problem where multiple visualizations in Jupyter notebooks would have clashing arc IDs, resulting in weirdly positioned arc labels. Generating a random ID prefix so even identical parses won't receive the same IDs for consistency (even if effect of ID clash isn't noticable here.)
### Types of change
bug fix
## Checklist
<!--- Before you submit the PR, go over this checklist and make sure you can
tick off all the boxes. [] -> [x] -->
- [x] I have submitted the spaCy Contributor Agreement.
- [x] I ran the tests, and all new and existing tests passed.
- [x] My changes don't require a change to the documentation, or if they do, I've added all required information.
* Fix typo [ci skip]
* fixes symbolic link on py3 and windows (#2949)
* fixes symbolic link on py3 and windows
during setup of spacy using command
python -m spacy link en_core_web_sm en
closes#2948
* Update spacy/compat.py
Co-Authored-By: cicorias <cicorias@users.noreply.github.com>
* Fix formatting
* Update universe [ci skip]
* Catalan Language Support (#2940)
* Catalan language Support
* Ddding Catalan to documentation
* Sort languages alphabetically [ci skip]
* Update tests for pytest 4.x (#2965)
<!--- Provide a general summary of your changes in the title. -->
## Description
- [x] Replace marks in params for pytest 4.0 compat ([see here](https://docs.pytest.org/en/latest/deprecations.html#marks-in-pytest-mark-parametrize))
- [x] Un-xfail passing tests (some fixes in a recent update resolved a bunch of issues, but tests were apparently never updated here)
### Types of change
<!-- What type of change does your PR cover? Is it a bug fix, an enhancement
or new feature, or a change to the documentation? -->
## Checklist
<!--- Before you submit the PR, go over this checklist and make sure you can
tick off all the boxes. [] -> [x] -->
- [x] I have submitted the spaCy Contributor Agreement.
- [x] I ran the tests, and all new and existing tests passed.
- [x] My changes don't require a change to the documentation, or if they do, I've added all required information.
* Fix regex pin to harmonize with conda (#2964)
* Update README.rst
* Fix bug where Vocab.prune_vector did not use 'batch_size' (#2977)
Fixes#2976
* Fix typo
* Fix typo
* Remove duplicate file
* Require thinc 7.0.0.dev2
Fixes bug in gpu_ops that would use cupy instead of numpy on CPU
* Add missing import
* Fix error IDs
* Fix tests
Resolves#2924.
## Description
Fixes problem where multiple visualizations in Jupyter notebooks would have clashing arc IDs, resulting in weirdly positioned arc labels. Generating a random ID prefix so even identical parses won't receive the same IDs for consistency (even if effect of ID clash isn't noticable here.)
### Types of change
bug fix
## Checklist
<!--- Before you submit the PR, go over this checklist and make sure you can
tick off all the boxes. [] -> [x] -->
- [x] I have submitted the spaCy Contributor Agreement.
- [x] I ran the tests, and all new and existing tests passed.
- [x] My changes don't require a change to the documentation, or if they do, I've added all required information.
<!--- Provide a general summary of your changes in the title. -->
Referring #2452, fixing displacy arrow directions to match the input.
## Description
The fix is simply replacing `direction is 'left'` with `direction == 'left'` to include the case `direction` is a `str` and not a `unicode`.
### Types of change
bug fix
## Checklist
<!--- Before you submit the PR, go over this checklist and make sure you can
tick off all the boxes. [] -> [x] -->
- [ ] I have submitted the spaCy Contributor Agreement.
- [ ] I ran the tests, and all new and existing tests passed.
- [x] My changes don't require a change to the documentation, or if they do, I've added all required information.
## Description
Fix for issue #2361 :
replace &, <, >, " with &amp; , &lt; , &gt; , &quot; in before rendering svg
## Checklist
<!--- Before you submit the PR, go over this checklist and make sure you can
tick off all the boxes. [] -> [x] -->
- [x] I have submitted the spaCy Contributor Agreement.
- [ ] I ran the tests, and all new and existing tests passed.
(As discussed in the comments to #2361)
- [x] My changes don't require a change to the documentation, or if they do, I've added all required information.
* Add spacy.errors module
* Update deprecation and user warnings
* Replace errors and asserts with new error message system
* Remove redundant asserts
* Fix whitespace
* Add messages for print/util.prints statements
* Fix typo
* Fix typos
* Move CLI messages to spacy.cli._messages
* Add decorator to display error code with message
An implementation like this is nice because it only modifies the string when it's retrieved from the containing class – so we don't have to worry about manipulating tracebacks etc.
* Remove unused link in spacy.about
* Update errors for invalid pipeline components
* Improve error for unknown factories
* Add displaCy warnings
* Update formatting consistency
* Move error message to spacy.errors
* Update errors and check if doc returned by component is None
Shows token.tag_ instead of token.pos_. Disabled by default, to not cause rendering issues for models with long fine-grained tags (e.g. merged morphological features).
