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<!--- Provide a general summary of your changes in the title. --> ## Description The new website is implemented using [Gatsby](https://www.gatsbyjs.org) with [Remark](https://github.com/remarkjs/remark) and [MDX](https://mdxjs.com/). This allows authoring content in **straightforward Markdown** without the usual limitations. Standard elements can be overwritten with powerful [React](http://reactjs.org/) components and wherever Markdown syntax isn't enough, JSX components can be used. Hopefully, this update will also make it much easier to contribute to the docs. Once this PR is merged, I'll implement auto-deployment via [Netlify](https://netlify.com) on a specific branch (to avoid building the website on every PR). There's a bunch of other cool stuff that the new setup will allow us to do – including writing front-end tests, service workers, offline support, implementing a search and so on. This PR also includes various new docs pages and content. Resolves #3270. Resolves #3222. Resolves #2947. Resolves #2837. ### Types of change enhancement ## Checklist <!--- Before you submit the PR, go over this checklist and make sure you can tick off all the boxes. [] -> [x] --> - [x] I have submitted the spaCy Contributor Agreement. - [x] I ran the tests, and all new and existing tests passed. - [x] My changes don't require a change to the documentation, or if they do, I've added all required information.
61 lines
5.2 KiB
Markdown
61 lines
5.2 KiB
Markdown
Every language is different – and usually full of **exceptions and special
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cases**, especially amongst the most common words. Some of these exceptions are
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shared across languages, while others are **entirely specific** – usually so
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specific that they need to be hard-coded. The
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[`lang`](https://github.com/explosion/spaCy/tree/master/spacy/lang) module
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contains all language-specific data, organized in simple Python files. This
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makes the data easy to update and extend.
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The **shared language data** in the directory root includes rules that can be
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generalized across languages – for example, rules for basic punctuation, emoji,
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emoticons, single-letter abbreviations and norms for equivalent tokens with
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different spellings, like `"` and `”`. This helps the models make more accurate
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predictions. The **individual language data** in a submodule contains rules that
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are only relevant to a particular language. It also takes care of putting
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together all components and creating the `Language` subclass – for example,
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`English` or `German`.
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> ```python
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> from spacy.lang.en import English
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> from spacy.lang.de import German
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>
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> nlp_en = English() # Includes English data
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> nlp_de = German() # Includes German data
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> ```
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| Name | Description |
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| ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
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| **Stop words**<br />[`stop_words.py`][stop_words.py] | List of most common words of a language that are often useful to filter out, for example "and" or "I". Matching tokens will return `True` for `is_stop`. |
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| **Tokenizer exceptions**<br />[`tokenizer_exceptions.py`][tokenizer_exceptions.py] | Special-case rules for the tokenizer, for example, contractions like "can't" and abbreviations with punctuation, like "U.K.". |
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| **Norm exceptions**<br />[`norm_exceptions.py`][norm_exceptions.py] | Special-case rules for normalizing tokens to improve the model's predictions, for example on American vs. British spelling. |
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| **Punctuation rules**<br />[`punctuation.py`][punctuation.py] | Regular expressions for splitting tokens, e.g. on punctuation or special characters like emoji. Includes rules for prefixes, suffixes and infixes. |
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| **Character classes**<br />[`char_classes.py`][char_classes.py] | Character classes to be used in regular expressions, for example, latin characters, quotes, hyphens or icons. |
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| **Lexical attributes**<br />[`lex_attrs.py`][lex_attrs.py] | Custom functions for setting lexical attributes on tokens, e.g. `like_num`, which includes language-specific words like "ten" or "hundred". |
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| **Syntax iterators**<br />[`syntax_iterators.py`][syntax_iterators.py] | Functions that compute views of a `Doc` object based on its syntax. At the moment, only used for [noun chunks](/usage/linguistic-features#noun-chunks). |
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| **Lemmatizer**<br />[`lemmatizer.py`][lemmatizer.py] | Lemmatization rules or a lookup-based lemmatization table to assign base forms, for example "be" for "was". |
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| **Tag map**<br />[`tag_map.py`][tag_map.py] | Dictionary mapping strings in your tag set to [Universal Dependencies](http://universaldependencies.org/u/pos/all.html) tags. |
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| **Morph rules**<br />[`morph_rules.py`][morph_rules.py] | Exception rules for morphological analysis of irregular words like personal pronouns. |
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[stop_words.py]:
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https://github.com/explosion/spacy-dev-resources/tree/master/templates/new_language/stop_words.py
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[tokenizer_exceptions.py]:
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https://github.com/explosion/spacy-dev-resources/tree/master/templates/new_language/tokenizer_exceptions.py
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[norm_exceptions.py]:
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https://github.com/explosion/spaCy/tree/master/spacy/lang/norm_exceptions.py
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[punctuation.py]:
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https://github.com/explosion/spaCy/tree/master/spacy/lang/punctuation.py
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[char_classes.py]:
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https://github.com/explosion/spaCy/tree/master/spacy/lang/char_classes.py
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[lex_attrs.py]:
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https://github.com/explosion/spacy-dev-resources/tree/master/templates/new_language/lex_attrs.py
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[syntax_iterators.py]:
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https://github.com/explosion/spaCy/tree/master/spacy/lang/en/syntax_iterators.py
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[lemmatizer.py]:
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https://github.com/explosion/spacy-dev-resources/tree/master/templates/new_language/lemmatizer.py
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[tag_map.py]:
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https://github.com/explosion/spacy-dev-resources/tree/master/templates/new_language/tag_map.py
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[morph_rules.py]:
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https://github.com/explosion/spaCy/tree/master/spacy/lang/en/morph_rules.py
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