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395 lines
15 KiB
Markdown
395 lines
15 KiB
Markdown
---
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title: Vectors
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teaser: Store, save and load word vectors
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tag: class
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source: spacy/vectors.pyx
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new: 2
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---
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Vectors data is kept in the `Vectors.data` attribute, which should be an
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instance of `numpy.ndarray` (for CPU vectors) or `cupy.ndarray` (for GPU
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vectors). Multiple keys can be mapped to the same vector, and not all of the
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rows in the table need to be assigned – so `vectors.n_keys` may be greater or
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smaller than `vectors.shape[0]`.
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## Vectors.\_\_init\_\_ {#init tag="method"}
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Create a new vector store. You can set the vector values and keys directly on
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initialization, or supply a `shape` keyword argument to create an empty table
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you can add vectors to later.
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> #### Example
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>
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> ```python
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> from spacy.vectors import Vectors
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>
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> empty_vectors = Vectors(shape=(10000, 300))
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>
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> data = numpy.zeros((3, 300), dtype='f')
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> keys = ["cat", "dog", "rat"]
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> vectors = Vectors(data=data, keys=keys)
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> ```
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| Name | Type | Description |
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| ----------- | ---------------------------------- | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ |
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| `data` | `ndarray[ndim=1, dtype='float32']` | The vector data. |
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| `keys` | iterable | A sequence of keys aligned with the data. |
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| `shape` | tuple | Size of the table as `(n_entries, n_columns)`, the number of entries and number of columns. Not required if you're initializing the object with `data` and `keys`. |
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| `name` | unicode | A name to identify the vectors table. |
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| **RETURNS** | `Vectors` | The newly created object. |
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## Vectors.\_\_getitem\_\_ {#getitem tag="method"}
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Get a vector by key. If the key is not found in the table, a `KeyError` is
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raised.
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> #### Example
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>
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> ```python
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> cat_id = nlp.vocab.strings["cat"]
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> cat_vector = nlp.vocab.vectors[cat_id]
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> assert cat_vector == nlp.vocab["cat"].vector
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> ```
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| Name | Type | Description |
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| ------- | ---------------------------------- | ------------------------------ |
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| `key` | int | The key to get the vector for. |
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| returns | `ndarray[ndim=1, dtype='float32']` | The vector for the key. |
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## Vectors.\_\_setitem\_\_ {#setitem tag="method"}
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Set a vector for the given key.
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> #### Example
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>
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> ```python
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> cat_id = nlp.vocab.strings["cat"]
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> vector = numpy.random.uniform(-1, 1, (300,))
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> nlp.vocab.vectors[cat_id] = vector
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> ```
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| Name | Type | Description |
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| -------- | ---------------------------------- | ------------------------------ |
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| `key` | int | The key to set the vector for. |
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| `vector` | `ndarray[ndim=1, dtype='float32']` | The vector to set. |
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## Vectors.\_\_iter\_\_ {#iter tag="method"}
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Iterate over the keys in the table.
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> #### Example
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>
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> ```python
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> for key in nlp.vocab.vectors:
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> print(key, nlp.vocab.strings[key])
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> ```
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| Name | Type | Description |
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| ---------- | ---- | ------------------- |
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| **YIELDS** | int | A key in the table. |
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## Vectors.\_\_len\_\_ {#len tag="method"}
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Return the number of vectors in the table.
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> #### Example
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>
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> ```python
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> vectors = Vectors(shape=(3, 300))
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> assert len(vectors) == 3
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> ```
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| Name | Type | Description |
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| ----------- | ---- | ----------------------------------- |
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| **RETURNS** | int | The number of vectors in the table. |
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## Vectors.\_\_contains\_\_ {#contains tag="method"}
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Check whether a key has been mapped to a vector entry in the table.
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> #### Example
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>
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> ```python
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> cat_id = nlp.vocab.strings["cat"]
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> nlp.vectors.add(cat_id, numpy.random.uniform(-1, 1, (300,)))
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> assert cat_id in vectors
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> ```
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| Name | Type | Description |
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| ----------- | ---- | ----------------------------------- |
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| `key` | int | The key to check. |
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| **RETURNS** | bool | Whether the key has a vector entry. |
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## Vectors.add {#add tag="method"}
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Add a key to the table, optionally setting a vector value as well. Keys can be
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mapped to an existing vector by setting `row`, or a new vector can be added.
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When adding unicode keys, keep in mind that the `Vectors` class itself has no
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[`StringStore`](/api/stringstore), so you have to store the hash-to-string
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mapping separately. If you need to manage the strings, you should use the
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`Vectors` via the [`Vocab`](/api/vocab) class, e.g. `vocab.vectors`.
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> #### Example
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>
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> ```python
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> vector = numpy.random.uniform(-1, 1, (300,))
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> cat_id = nlp.vocab.strings["cat"]
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> nlp.vocab.vectors.add(cat_id, vector=vector)
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> nlp.vocab.vectors.add("dog", row=0)
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> ```
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| Name | Type | Description |
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| ----------- | ---------------------------------- | ----------------------------------------------------- |
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| `key` | unicode / int | The key to add. |
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| `vector` | `ndarray[ndim=1, dtype='float32']` | An optional vector to add for the key. |
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| `row` | int | An optional row number of a vector to map the key to. |
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| **RETURNS** | int | The row the vector was added to. |
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## Vectors.resize {#resize tag="method"}
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Resize the underlying vectors array. If `inplace=True`, the memory is
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reallocated. This may cause other references to the data to become invalid, so
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only use `inplace=True` if you're sure that's what you want. If the number of
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vectors is reduced, keys mapped to rows that have been deleted are removed.
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These removed items are returned as a list of `(key, row)` tuples.
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> #### Example
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>
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> ```python
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> removed = nlp.vocab.vectors.resize((10000, 300))
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> ```
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| Name | Type | Description |
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| ----------- | ----- | -------------------------------------------------------------------- |
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| `shape` | tuple | A `(rows, dims)` tuple describing the number of rows and dimensions. |
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| `inplace` | bool | Reallocate the memory. |
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| **RETURNS** | list | The removed items as a list of `(key, row)` tuples. |
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## Vectors.keys {#keys tag="method"}
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A sequence of the keys in the table.
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> #### Example
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>
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> ```python
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> for key in nlp.vocab.vectors.keys():
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> print(key, nlp.vocab.strings[key])
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> ```
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| Name | Type | Description |
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| ----------- | -------- | ----------- |
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| **RETURNS** | iterable | The keys. |
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## Vectors.values {#values tag="method"}
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Iterate over vectors that have been assigned to at least one key. Note that some
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vectors may be unassigned, so the number of vectors returned may be less than
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the length of the vectors table.
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> #### Example
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>
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> ```python
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> for vector in nlp.vocab.vectors.values():
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> print(vector)
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> ```
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| Name | Type | Description |
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| ---------- | ---------------------------------- | ---------------------- |
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| **YIELDS** | `ndarray[ndim=1, dtype='float32']` | A vector in the table. |
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## Vectors.items {#items tag="method"}
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Iterate over `(key, vector)` pairs, in order.
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> #### Example
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>
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> ```python
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> for key, vector in nlp.vocab.vectors.items():
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> print(key, nlp.vocab.strings[key], vector)
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> ```
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| Name | Type | Description |
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| ---------- | ----- | -------------------------------- |
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| **YIELDS** | tuple | `(key, vector)` pairs, in order. |
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## Vectors.find {#find tag="method"}
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Look up one or more keys by row, or vice versa.
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> #### Example
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>
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> ```python
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> row = nlp.vocab.vectors.find(key="cat")
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> rows = nlp.vocab.vectors.find(keys=["cat", "dog"])
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> key = nlp.vocab.vectors.find(row=256)
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> keys = nlp.vocab.vectors.find(rows=[18, 256, 985])
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> ```
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| Name | Type | Description |
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| ----------- | ------------------------------------- | ------------------------------------------------------------------------ |
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| `key` | unicode / int | Find the row that the given key points to. Returns int, `-1` if missing. |
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| `keys` | iterable | Find rows that the keys point to. Returns `ndarray`. |
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| `row` | int | Find the first key that points to the row. Returns int. |
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| `rows` | iterable | Find the keys that point to the rows. Returns ndarray. |
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| **RETURNS** | The requested key, keys, row or rows. |
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## Vectors.shape {#shape tag="property"}
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Get `(rows, dims)` tuples of number of rows and number of dimensions in the
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vector table.
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> #### Example
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>
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> ```python
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> vectors = Vectors(shape(1, 300))
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> vectors.add("cat", numpy.random.uniform(-1, 1, (300,)))
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> rows, dims = vectors.shape
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> assert rows == 1
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> assert dims == 300
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> ```
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| Name | Type | Description |
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| ----------- | ----- | ---------------------- |
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| **RETURNS** | tuple | A `(rows, dims)` pair. |
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## Vectors.size {#size tag="property"}
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The vector size, i.e. `rows * dims`.
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> #### Example
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>
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> ```python
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> vectors = Vectors(shape=(500, 300))
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> assert vectors.size == 150000
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> ```
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| Name | Type | Description |
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| ----------- | ---- | ---------------- |
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| **RETURNS** | int | The vector size. |
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## Vectors.is_full {#is_full tag="property"}
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Whether the vectors table is full and has no slots are available for new keys.
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If a table is full, it can be resized using
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[`Vectors.resize`](/api/vectors#resize).
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> #### Example
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>
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> ```python
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> vectors = Vectors(shape=(1, 300))
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> vectors.add("cat", numpy.random.uniform(-1, 1, (300,)))
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> assert vectors.is_full
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> ```
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| Name | Type | Description |
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| ----------- | ---- | ---------------------------------- |
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| **RETURNS** | bool | Whether the vectors table is full. |
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## Vectors.n_keys {#n_keys tag="property"}
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Get the number of keys in the table. Note that this is the number of _all_ keys,
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not just unique vectors. If several keys are mapped are mapped to the same
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vectors, they will be counted individually.
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> #### Example
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>
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> ```python
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> vectors = Vectors(shape=(10, 300))
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> assert len(vectors) == 10
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> assert vectors.n_keys == 0
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> ```
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| Name | Type | Description |
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| ----------- | ---- | ------------------------------------ |
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| **RETURNS** | int | The number of all keys in the table. |
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## Vectors.from_glove {#from_glove tag="method"}
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Load [GloVe](https://nlp.stanford.edu/projects/glove/) vectors from a directory.
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Assumes binary format, that the vocab is in a `vocab.txt`, and that vectors are
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named `vectors.{size}.[fd.bin]`, e.g. `vectors.128.f.bin` for 128d float32
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vectors, `vectors.300.d.bin` for 300d float64 (double) vectors, etc. By default
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GloVe outputs 64-bit vectors.
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> #### Example
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>
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> ```python
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> vectors = Vectors()
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> vectors.from_glove("/path/to/glove_vectors")
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> ```
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| Name | Type | Description |
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| ------ | ---------------- | ---------------------------------------- |
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| `path` | unicode / `Path` | The path to load the GloVe vectors from. |
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## Vectors.to_disk {#to_disk tag="method"}
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Save the current state to a directory.
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> #### Example
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>
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> ```python
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> vectors.to_disk("/path/to/vectors")
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>
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> ```
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| Name | Type | Description |
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| ------ | ---------------- | --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
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| `path` | unicode / `Path` | A path to a directory, which will be created if it doesn't exist. Paths may be either strings or `Path`-like objects. |
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## Vectors.from_disk {#from_disk tag="method"}
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Loads state from a directory. Modifies the object in place and returns it.
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> #### Example
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>
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> ```python
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> vectors = Vectors(StringStore())
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> vectors.from_disk("/path/to/vectors")
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> ```
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| Name | Type | Description |
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| ----------- | ---------------- | -------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
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| `path` | unicode / `Path` | A path to a directory. Paths may be either strings or `Path`-like objects. |
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| **RETURNS** | `Vectors` | The modified `Vectors` object. |
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## Vectors.to_bytes {#to_bytes tag="method"}
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Serialize the current state to a binary string.
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> #### Example
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>
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> ```python
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> vectors_bytes = vectors.to_bytes()
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> ```
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| Name | Type | Description |
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| ----------- | ----- | -------------------------------------------- |
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| **RETURNS** | bytes | The serialized form of the `Vectors` object. |
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## Vectors.from_bytes {#from_bytes tag="method"}
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Load state from a binary string.
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> #### Example
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>
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> ```python
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> fron spacy.vectors import Vectors
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> vectors_bytes = vectors.to_bytes()
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> new_vectors = Vectors(StringStore())
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> new_vectors.from_bytes(vectors_bytes)
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> ```
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| Name | Type | Description |
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| ----------- | --------- | ---------------------- |
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| `data` | bytes | The data to load from. |
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| **RETURNS** | `Vectors` | The `Vectors` object. |
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## Attributes {#attributes}
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| Name | Type | Description |
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| --------- | ---------------------------------- | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
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| `data` | `ndarray[ndim=1, dtype='float32']` | Stored vectors data. `numpy` is used for CPU vectors, `cupy` for GPU vectors. |
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| `key2row` | dict | Dictionary mapping word hashes to rows in the `Vectors.data` table. |
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| `keys` | `ndarray[ndim=1, dtype='float32']` | Array keeping the keys in order, such that `keys[vectors.key2row[key]] == key`. |
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