spaCy/website/docs/api/transformer.md

title	teaser	tag	source	new	api_base_class	api_string_name
Transformer	Pipeline component for multi-task learning with transformer models	class	github.com/explosion/spacy-transformers/blob/master/spacy_transformers/pipeline_component.py	3	/api/pipe	transformer

Installation

$ pip install spacy-transformers

This component is available via the extension package spacy-transformers. It exposes the component via entry points, so if you have the package installed, using factory = "transformer" in your training config or nlp.add_pipe("transformer") will work out-of-the-box.

This pipeline component lets you use transformer models in your pipeline. Supports all models that are available via the HuggingFace transformers library. Usually you will connect subsequent components to the shared transformer using the TransformerListener layer. This works similarly to spaCy's Tok2Vec component and Tok2VecListener sublayer.

The component assigns the output of the transformer to the Doc's extension attributes. We also calculate an alignment between the word-piece tokens and the spaCy tokenization, so that we can use the last hidden states to set the Doc.tensor attribute. When multiple word-piece tokens align to the same spaCy token, the spaCy token receives the sum of their values. To access the values, you can use the custom Doc._.trf_data attribute. The package also adds the function registries @span_getters and @annotation_setters with several built-in registered functions. For more details, see the usage documentation.

Config and implementation

The default config is defined by the pipeline component factory and describes how the component should be configured. You can override its settings via the config argument on nlp.add_pipe or in your config.cfg for training. See the model architectures documentation for details on the architectures and their arguments and hyperparameters.

Example

from spacy_transformers import Transformer, DEFAULT_CONFIG

nlp.add_pipe("transformer", config=DEFAULT_CONFIG)

Setting	Type	Description	Default
max_batch_items	int	Maximum size of a padded batch.	4096
annotation_setter	Callable	Function that takes a batch of Doc objects and a FullTransformerBatch and can set additional annotations on the Doc. The Doc._.transformer_data attribute is set prior to calling the callback. By default, no additional annotations are set.	null_annotation_setter
model	Model	Input: List[Doc]. Output: FullTransformerBatch. The Thinc Model wrapping the transformer.	TransformerModel

https://github.com/explosion/spacy-transformers/blob/master/spacy_transformers/pipeline_component.py

Transformer.__init__

Example

# Construction via add_pipe with default model
trf = nlp.add_pipe("transformer")

# Construction via add_pipe with custom config
config = {
    "model": {
        "@architectures": "spacy-transformers.TransformerModel.v1",
        "name": "bert-base-uncased",
        "tokenizer_config": {"use_fast": True}
    }
}
trf = nlp.add_pipe("transformer", config=config)

# Construction from class
from spacy_transformers import Transformer
trf = Transformer(nlp.vocab, model)

Construct a Transformer component. One or more subsequent spaCy components can use the transformer outputs as features in its model, with gradients backpropagated to the single shared weights. The activations from the transformer are saved in the Doc._.trf_data extension attribute. You can also provide a callback to set additional annotations. In your application, you would normally use a shortcut for this and instantiate the component using its string name and nlp.add_pipe.

Name	Type	Description
vocab	Vocab	The shared vocabulary.
model	Model	Input: List[Doc]. Output: FullTransformerBatch. The Thinc Model wrapping the transformer. Usually you will want to use the TransformerModel layer for this.
annotation_setter	Callable	Function that takes a batch of Doc objects and a FullTransformerBatch and can set additional annotations on the Doc. The Doc._.transformer_data attribute is set prior to calling the callback. By default, no additional annotations are set.
keyword-only
name	str	String name of the component instance. Used to add entries to the losses during training.
max_batch_items	int	Maximum size of a padded batch. Defaults to 128*32.

Transformer.__call__

Apply the pipe to one document. The document is modified in place, and returned. This usually happens under the hood when the nlp object is called on a text and all pipeline components are applied to the Doc in order. Both __call__ and pipe delegate to the predict and set_annotations methods.

Example

doc = nlp("This is a sentence.")
trf = nlp.add_pipe("transformer")
# This usually happens under the hood
processed = transformer(doc)

Name	Type	Description
doc	Doc	The document to process.
RETURNS	Doc	The processed document.

Transformer.pipe

Apply the pipe to a stream of documents. This usually happens under the hood when the nlp object is called on a text and all pipeline components are applied to the Doc in order. Both __call__ and pipe delegate to the predict and set_annotations methods.

Example

trf = nlp.add_pipe("transformer")
for doc in trf.pipe(docs, batch_size=50):
    pass

Name	Type	Description
stream	Iterable[Doc]	A stream of documents.
keyword-only
batch_size	int	The number of documents to buffer. Defaults to 128.
YIELDS	Doc	The processed documents in order.

Transformer.begin_training

Initialize the component for training and return an Optimizer. get_examples should be a function that returns an iterable of Example objects. The data examples are used to initialize the model of the component and can either be the full training data or a representative sample. Initialization includes validating the network, inferring missing shapes and setting up the label scheme based on the data.

Example

trf = nlp.add_pipe("transformer")
optimizer = trf.begin_training(lambda: [], pipeline=nlp.pipeline)

Name	Type	Description
get_examples	Callable[[], Iterable[Example]]	Optional function that returns gold-standard annotations in the form of Example objects.
keyword-only
pipeline	List[Tuple[str, Callable]]	Optional list of pipeline components that this component is part of.
sgd	Optimizer	An optional optimizer. Will be created via create_optimizer if not set.
RETURNS	Optimizer	The optimizer.

Transformer.predict

Apply the component's model to a batch of Doc objects, without modifying them.

Example

trf = nlp.add_pipe("transformer")
scores = trf.predict([doc1, doc2])

Name	Type	Description
docs	Iterable[Doc]	The documents to predict.
RETURNS	-	The model's prediction for each document.

Transformer.set_annotations

Assign the extracted features to the Doc objects. By default, the TransformerData object is written to the Doc._.trf_data attribute. Your annotation_setter callback is then called, if provided.

Example

trf = nlp.add_pipe("transformer")
scores = trf.predict(docs)
trf.set_annotations(docs, scores)

Name	Type	Description
docs	Iterable[Doc]	The documents to modify.
scores	-	The scores to set, produced by Transformer.predict.

Transformer.update

Prepare for an update to the transformer. Like the Tok2Vec component, the Transformer component is unusual in that it does not receive "gold standard" annotations to calculate a weight update. The optimal output of the transformer data is unknown – it's a hidden layer inside the network that is updated by backpropagating from output layers.

The Transformer component therefore does not perform a weight update during its own update method. Instead, it runs its transformer model and communicates the output and the backpropagation callback to any downstream components that have been connected to it via the TransformerListener sublayer. If there are multiple listeners, the last layer will actually backprop to the transformer and call the optimizer, while the others simply increment the gradients.

Example

trf = nlp.add_pipe("transformer")
optimizer = nlp.begin_training()
losses = trf.update(examples, sgd=optimizer)

Name	Type	Description
examples	Iterable[Example]	A batch of Example objects. Only the Example.predicted Doc object is used, the reference Doc is ignored.
keyword-only
drop	float	The dropout rate.
set_annotations	bool	Whether or not to update the Example objects with the predictions, delegating to set_annotations.
sgd	Optimizer	The optimizer.
losses	Dict[str, float]	Optional record of the loss during training. Updated using the component name as the key.
RETURNS	Dict[str, float]	The updated losses dictionary.

Transformer.create_optimizer

Create an optimizer for the pipeline component.

Example

trf = nlp.add_pipe("transformer")
optimizer = trf.create_optimizer()

Name	Type	Description
RETURNS	Optimizer	The optimizer.

Transformer.use_params

Modify the pipe's model, to use the given parameter values. At the end of the context, the original parameters are restored.

Example

trf = nlp.add_pipe("transformer")
with trf.use_params(optimizer.averages):
    trf.to_disk("/best_model")

Name	Type	Description
params	dict	The parameter values to use in the model.

Transformer.to_disk

Serialize the pipe to disk.

Example

trf = nlp.add_pipe("transformer")
trf.to_disk("/path/to/transformer")

Name	Type	Description
path	str / Path	A path to a directory, which will be created if it doesn't exist. Paths may be either strings or Path-like objects.
keyword-only
exclude	Iterable[str]	String names of serialization fields to exclude.

Transformer.from_disk

Load the pipe from disk. Modifies the object in place and returns it.

Example

trf = nlp.add_pipe("transformer")
trf.from_disk("/path/to/transformer")

Name	Type	Description
path	str / Path	A path to a directory. Paths may be either strings or Path-like objects.
keyword-only
exclude	Iterable[str]	String names of serialization fields to exclude.
RETURNS	Tok2Vec	The modified Tok2Vec object.

Transformer.to_bytes

Example

trf = nlp.add_pipe("transformer")
trf_bytes = trf.to_bytes()

Serialize the pipe to a bytestring.

Name	Type	Description
keyword-only
exclude	Iterable[str]	String names of serialization fields to exclude.
RETURNS	bytes	The serialized form of the Tok2Vec object.

Transformer.from_bytes

Load the pipe from a bytestring. Modifies the object in place and returns it.

Example

trf_bytes = trf.to_bytes()
trf = nlp.add_pipe("transformer")
trf.from_bytes(trf_bytes)

Name	Type	Description
bytes_data	bytes	The data to load from.
keyword-only
exclude	Iterable[str]	String names of serialization fields to exclude.
RETURNS	Tok2Vec	The Tok2Vec object.

Serialization fields

During serialization, spaCy will export several data fields used to restore different aspects of the object. If needed, you can exclude them from serialization by passing in the string names via the exclude argument.

Example

data = trf.to_disk("/path", exclude=["vocab"])

Name	Description
vocab	The shared Vocab.
cfg	The config file. You usually don't want to exclude this.
model	The binary model data. You usually don't want to exclude this.

TransformerData

Transformer tokens and outputs for one Doc object.

Name	Type	Description
tokens	Dict
tensors	List[FloatsXd]
align	Ragged
width	int

TransformerData.empty

Name	Type	Description
RETURNS	TransformerData

FullTransformerBatch

Name	Type	Description
spans	List[List[Span]]
tokens	transformers.BatchEncoding
tensors	List[torch.Tensor]
align	Ragged
doc_data	List[TransformerData]

FullTransformerBatch.unsplit_by_doc

Name	Type	Description
arrays	List[List[Floats3d]]
RETURNS	FullTransformerBatch

FullTransformerBatch.split_by_doc

Split a TransformerData object that represents a batch into a list with one TransformerData per Doc.

Name	Type	Description
RETURNS	List[TransformerData]

Span getters

Span getters are functions that take a batch of Doc objects and return a lists of Span objects for each doc, to be processed by the transformer. This is used to manage long documents, by cutting them into smaller sequences before running the transformer. The spans are allowed to overlap, and you can also omit sections of the Doc if they are not relevant.

Span getters can be referenced in the [components.transformer.model.get_spans] block of the config to customize the sequences processed by the transformer. You can also register custom span getters using the @spacy.registry.span_getters decorator.

Example

@spacy.registry.span_getters("sent_spans.v1")
def configure_get_sent_spans() -> Callable:
    def get_sent_spans(docs: Iterable[Doc]) -> List[List[Span]]:
        return [list(doc.sents) for doc in docs]

    return get_sent_spans

Name	Type	Description
docs	Iterable[Doc]	A batch of Doc objects.
RETURNS	List[List[Span]]	The spans to process by the transformer.

doc_spans.v1

Example config

[transformer.model.get_spans]
@span_getters = "doc_spans.v1"

Create a span getter that uses the whole document as its spans. This is the best approach if your Doc objects already refer to relatively short texts.

sent_spans.v1

Example config

[transformer.model.get_spans]
@span_getters = "sent_spans.v1"

Create a span getter that uses sentence boundary markers to extract the spans. This requires sentence boundaries to be set (e.g. by the Sentencizer), and may result in somewhat uneven batches, depending on the sentence lengths. However, it does provide the transformer with more meaningful windows to attend over.

strided_spans.v1

Example config

[transformer.model.get_spans]
@span_getters = "strided_spans.v1"
window = 128
stride = 96

Create a span getter for strided spans. If you set the window and stride to the same value, the spans will cover each token once. Setting stride lower than window will allow for an overlap, so that some tokens are counted twice. This can be desirable, because it allows all tokens to have both a left and right context.

Name	Type	Description
window	int	The window size.
stride	int	The stride size.

Annotation setters

Annotation setters are functions that that take a batch of Doc objects and a FullTransformerBatch and can set additional annotations on the Doc, e.g. to set custom or built-in attributes. You can register custom annotation setters using the @registry.annotation_setters decorator.

Example

@registry.annotation_setters("spacy-transformer.null_annotation_setter.v1")
def configure_null_annotation_setter() -> Callable:
    def setter(docs: List[Doc], trf_data: FullTransformerBatch) -> None:
        pass

    return setter

Name	Type	Description
docs	List[Doc]	A batch of Doc objects.
trf_data	FullTransformerBatch	The transformers data for the batch.

The following built-in functions are available:

Name	Description
spacy-transformer.null_annotation_setter.v1	Don't set any additional annotations.

Custom attributes

The component sets the following custom extension attributes:

Name	Type	Description
Doc.trf_data	TransformerData	Transformer tokens and outputs for the Doc object.