release: 3.4.3

* Do not raise AttributeError when parsing non-string UUIDs

When a user sends a dictionary or other object as a UUID variable like `{[123]}`, previously graphene crashed with an `AttributeError`, like this:

```
(…)
  File "…/lib/python3.12/site-packages/graphql/utils/is_valid_value.py", line 78, in is_valid_value
    parse_result = type.parse_value(value)
                   ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
  File "…/lib/python3.12/site-packages/graphene/types/uuid.py", line 33, in parse_value
    return _UUID(value)
           ^^^^^^^^^^^^
  File "/usr/lib/python3.12/uuid.py", line 175, in __init__
    hex = hex.replace('urn:', '').replace('uuid:', '')
          ^^^^^^^^^^^
AttributeError: 'dict' object has no attribute 'replace'
```

But an `AttributeError` makes it seem like this is the server's fault, when it's obviously the client's.

Report a proper GraphQLError.

* fix: adjust exception message structure

---------

Co-authored-by: Erik Wrede <erikwrede@users.noreply.github.com>

.github/stale.yml

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 # Number of days of inactivity before an issue becomes stale
-daysUntilStale: 90
+daysUntilStale: false
 # Number of days of inactivity before a stale issue is closed
-daysUntilClose: 14
+daysUntilClose: false
 # Issues with these labels will never be considered stale
 exemptLabels:
   - pinned
@@ -15,9 +15,10 @@ exemptLabels:
 # Label to use when marking an issue as stale
 staleLabel: wontfix
 # Comment to post when marking an issue as stale. Set to `false` to disable
-markComment: >
-  This issue has been automatically marked as stale because it has not had
-  recent activity. It will be closed if no further activity occurs. Thank you
-  for your contributions.
+markComment: false
+# markComment: >
+  # This issue has been automatically marked as stale because it has not had
+  # recent activity. It will be closed if no further activity occurs. Thank you
+  # for your contributions.
 # Comment to post when closing a stale issue. Set to `false` to disable
 closeComment: false

.github/workflows/build.yaml

@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+name: 📦 Build
+
+on: [push, pull_request]
+
+jobs:
+  build:
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    steps:
+    - uses: actions/checkout@v4
+    - name: Set up Python 3.10
+      uses: actions/setup-python@v5
+      with:
+        python-version: "3.10"
+    - name: Install dependencies
+      run: |
+        python -m pip install --upgrade pip
+        pip install build twine
+    - name: Building package
+      run: python3 -m build
+    - name: Check package with Twine
+      run: twine check dist/*

.github/workflows/deploy.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+name: 🚀 Deploy to PyPI
+
+on:
+  push:
+    tags:
+      - 'v*'
+
+jobs:
+  build:
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+
+    steps:
+    - uses: actions/checkout@v4
+    - name: Set up Python 3.10
+      uses: actions/setup-python@v5
+      with:
+        python-version: "3.10"
+    - name: Build wheel and source tarball
+      run: |
+        pip install wheel
+        python setup.py sdist bdist_wheel
+    - name: Publish a Python distribution to PyPI
+      uses: pypa/gh-action-pypi-publish@v1.1.0
+      with:
+        user: __token__
+        password: ${{ secrets.pypi_password }}

.github/workflows/lint.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+name: 💅 Lint
+
+on: [push, pull_request]
+
+jobs:
+  build:
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+
+    steps:
+    - uses: actions/checkout@v4
+    - name: Set up Python 3.10
+      uses: actions/setup-python@v5
+      with:
+        python-version: "3.10"
+    - name: Install dependencies
+      run: |
+        python -m pip install --upgrade pip
+        pip install tox
+    - name: Run lint
+      run: tox
+      env:
+        TOXENV: pre-commit
+    - name: Run mypy
+      run: tox
+      env:
+        TOXENV: mypy

.github/workflows/tests.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,64 @@
+name: 📄 Tests
+on:
+  push:
+    branches:
+      - master
+      - '*.x'
+    paths-ignore:
+      - 'docs/**'
+      - '*.md'
+      - '*.rst'
+  pull_request:
+    branches:
+      - master
+      - '*.x'
+    paths-ignore:
+      - 'docs/**'
+      - '*.md'
+      - '*.rst'
+jobs:
+  tests:
+    # runs the test suite
+    name: ${{ matrix.name }}
+    runs-on: ${{ matrix.os }}
+    strategy:
+      fail-fast: false
+      matrix:
+        include:
+          - {name: '3.13', python: '3.13', os: ubuntu-latest, tox: py313}
+          - {name: '3.12', python: '3.12', os: ubuntu-latest, tox: py312}
+          - {name: '3.11', python: '3.11', os: ubuntu-latest, tox: py311}
+          - {name: '3.10', python: '3.10', os: ubuntu-latest, tox: py310}
+          - {name: '3.9', python: '3.9', os: ubuntu-latest, tox: py39}
+          - {name: '3.8', python: '3.8', os: ubuntu-latest, tox: py38}
+    steps:
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v4
+      - uses: actions/setup-python@v5
+        with:
+          python-version: ${{ matrix.python }}
+
+      - name: update pip
+        run: |
+          python -m pip install --upgrade pip
+          pip install --upgrade setuptools wheel
+
+      - name: get pip cache dir
+        id: pip-cache
+        run: echo "dir=$(pip cache dir)" >> $GITHUB_OUTPUT
+      - name: cache pip dependencies
+        uses: actions/cache@v3
+        with:
+          path: ${{ steps.pip-cache.outputs.dir }}
+          key: pip|${{ runner.os }}|${{ matrix.python }}|${{ hashFiles('setup.py') }}
+      - run: pip install tox
+      - run: tox -e ${{ matrix.tox }}
+      - name: Upload coverage.xml
+        if: ${{ matrix.python == '3.10' }}
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v4
+        with:
+          name: graphene-coverage
+          path: coverage.xml
+          if-no-files-found: error
+      - name: Upload coverage.xml to codecov
+        if: ${{ matrix.python == '3.10' }}
+        uses: codecov/codecov-action@v4

.gitignore

@@ -90,3 +90,4 @@ venv/
 *.sqlite3
 .vscode
 .mypy_cache
+.ruff_cache

.isort.cfg

@@ -1,2 +0,0 @@
-[settings]
-known_third_party = aniso8601,graphql,graphql_relay,promise,pytest,pytz,pyutils,setuptools,snapshottest,sphinx_graphene_theme

.pre-commit-config.yaml

@@ -1,6 +1,9 @@
+default_language_version:
+  python: python3.10
+
 repos:
--   repo: git://github.com/pre-commit/pre-commit-hooks
-    rev: v2.1.0
+-   repo: https://github.com/pre-commit/pre-commit-hooks
+    rev: v4.3.0
     hooks:
     -   id: check-merge-conflict
     -   id: check-json
@@ -14,15 +17,13 @@ repos:
     -   id: trailing-whitespace
         exclude: README.md
 -   repo: https://github.com/asottile/pyupgrade
-    rev: v1.12.0
+    rev: v2.37.3
     hooks:
     -   id: pyupgrade
--   repo: https://github.com/ambv/black
-    rev: 19.10b0
+-   repo: https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff-pre-commit
+    # Ruff version.
+    rev: v0.5.0
     hooks:
-    - id: black
-      language_version: python3
--   repo: https://github.com/PyCQA/flake8
-    rev: 3.7.8
-    hooks:
-    -   id: flake8
+        - id: ruff
+        - id: ruff-format
+          args: [ --check ]

.travis.yml

@@ -1,42 +0,0 @@
-language: python
-dist: xenial
-
-python:
-  - "3.6"
-  - "3.7"
-  - "3.8"
-
-install:
-  - pip install tox tox-travis
-script: tox
-after_success:
-  - pip install coveralls
-  - coveralls
-cache:
-  directories:
-    - $HOME/.cache/pip
-    - $HOME/.cache/pre-commit
-
-stages:
-  - test
-  - name: deploy
-    if: tag IS present
-
-jobs:
-  fast_finish: true
-  include:
-    - env: TOXENV=pre-commit
-      python: 3.7
-    - env: TOXENV=mypy
-      python: 3.7
-    - stage: deploy
-      python: 3.7
-      after_success: true
-      deploy:
-        provider: pypi
-        user: syrusakbary
-        on:
-          tags: true
-        password:
-          secure: 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
-        distributions: "sdist bdist_wheel"

Makefile

@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@ help:
 install-dev:
 	pip install -e ".[dev]"
 
+.PHONY: test ## Run tests
 test:
 	py.test graphene examples
 

README.md

@@ -1,14 +1,8 @@
-# ![Graphene Logo](http://graphene-python.org/favicon.png) [Graphene](http://graphene-python.org) [![Build Status](https://travis-ci.org/graphql-python/graphene.svg?branch=master)](https://travis-ci.org/graphql-python/graphene) [![PyPI version](https://badge.fury.io/py/graphene.svg)](https://badge.fury.io/py/graphene) [![Coverage Status](https://coveralls.io/repos/graphql-python/graphene/badge.svg?branch=master&service=github)](https://coveralls.io/github/graphql-python/graphene?branch=master)
+# ![Graphene Logo](http://graphene-python.org/favicon.png) [Graphene](http://graphene-python.org)  [![PyPI version](https://badge.fury.io/py/graphene.svg)](https://badge.fury.io/py/graphene) [![Coverage Status](https://coveralls.io/repos/graphql-python/graphene/badge.svg?branch=master&service=github)](https://coveralls.io/github/graphql-python/graphene?branch=master) [![](https://dcbadge.vercel.app/api/server/T6Gp6NFYHe?style=flat)](https://discord.gg/T6Gp6NFYHe)
 
-[💬 Join the community on Slack](https://join.slack.com/t/graphenetools/shared_invite/enQtOTE2MDQ1NTg4MDM1LTA4Nzk0MGU0NGEwNzUxZGNjNDQ4ZjAwNDJjMjY0OGE1ZDgxZTg4YjM2ZTc4MjE2ZTAzZjE2ZThhZTQzZTkyMmM)
+[💬 Join the community on Discord](https://discord.gg/T6Gp6NFYHe)
 
-**We are looking for contributors**! Please check the [ROADMAP](https://github.com/graphql-python/graphene/blob/master/ROADMAP.md) to see how you can help ❤️
-
----
-
-**The below readme is the documentation for the `dev` (prerelease) version of Graphene. To view the documentation for the latest stable Graphene version go to the [v2 docs](https://docs.graphene-python.org/en/stable/)**
-
----
+**We are looking for contributors**! Please check the current issues to see how you can help ❤️
 
 ## Introduction
 
@@ -16,7 +10,7 @@
 
 - **Easy to use:** Graphene helps you use GraphQL in Python without effort.
 - **Relay:** Graphene has builtin support for Relay.
-- **Data agnostic:** Graphene supports any kind of data source: SQL (Django, SQLAlchemy), NoSQL, custom Python objects, etc.
+- **Data agnostic:** Graphene supports any kind of data source: SQL (Django, SQLAlchemy), Mongo, custom Python objects, etc.
   We believe that by providing a complete API you could plug Graphene anywhere your data lives and make your data available
   through GraphQL.
 
@@ -26,18 +20,19 @@ Graphene has multiple integrations with different frameworks:
 
 | integration       | Package                                                                                 |
 | ----------------- | --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
-| Django            | [graphene-django](https://github.com/graphql-python/graphene-django/)                   |
 | SQLAlchemy        | [graphene-sqlalchemy](https://github.com/graphql-python/graphene-sqlalchemy/)           |
-| Google App Engine | [graphene-gae](https://github.com/graphql-python/graphene-gae/)                         |
+| Mongo             | [graphene-mongo](https://github.com/graphql-python/graphene-mongo/)                     |
+| Apollo Federation | [graphene-federation](https://github.com/graphql-python/graphene-federation/)           |
+| Django            | [graphene-django](https://github.com/graphql-python/graphene-django/)                   |
 
 Also, Graphene is fully compatible with the GraphQL spec, working seamlessly with all GraphQL clients, such as [Relay](https://github.com/facebook/relay), [Apollo](https://github.com/apollographql/apollo-client) and [gql](https://github.com/graphql-python/gql).
 
 ## Installation
 
-For instaling graphene, just run this command in your shell
+To install `graphene`, just run this command in your shell
 
 ```bash
-pip install "graphene>=2.0"
+pip install "graphene>=3.1"
 ```
 
 ## Examples
@@ -90,18 +85,24 @@ pip install -e ".[test]"
 Well-written tests and maintaining good test coverage is important to this project. While developing, run new and existing tests with:
 
 ```sh
-py.test graphene/relay/tests/test_node.py # Single file
-py.test graphene/relay # All tests in directory
+pytest graphene/relay/tests/test_node.py # Single file
+pytest graphene/relay # All tests in directory
 ```
 
 Add the `-s` flag if you have introduced breakpoints into the code for debugging.
 Add the `-v` ("verbose") flag to get more detailed test output. For even more detailed output, use `-vv`.
 Check out the [pytest documentation](https://docs.pytest.org/en/latest/) for more options and test running controls.
 
+Regularly ensure your `pre-commit` hooks are up to date and enabled:
+
+```sh
+pre-commit install
+```
+
 You can also run the benchmarks with:
 
 ```sh
-py.test graphene --benchmark-only
+pytest graphene --benchmark-only
 ```
 
 Graphene supports several versions of Python. To make sure that changes do not break compatibility with any of those versions, we use `tox` to create virtualenvs for each Python version and run tests with that version. To run against all Python versions defined in the `tox.ini` config file, just run:
@@ -113,10 +114,10 @@ tox
 If you wish to run against a specific version defined in the `tox.ini` file:
 
 ```sh
-tox -e py36
+tox -e py39
 ```
 
-Tox can only use whatever versions of Python are installed on your system. When you create a pull request, Travis will also be running the same tests and report the results, so there is no need for potential contributors to try to install every single version of Python on their own system ahead of time. We appreciate opening issues and pull requests to make graphene even more stable & useful!
+Tox can only use whatever versions of Python are installed on your system. When you create a pull request, GitHub Actions pipelines will also be running the same tests and report the results, so there is no need for potential contributors to try to install every single version of Python on their own system ahead of time. We appreciate opening issues and pull requests to make graphene even more stable & useful!
 
 ### Building Documentation
 

README.rst

@@ -1,179 +0,0 @@
-**We are looking for contributors**! Please check the
-`ROADMAP <https://github.com/graphql-python/graphene/blob/master/ROADMAP.md>`__
-to see how you can help ❤️
-
---------------
-
-|Graphene Logo| `Graphene <http://graphene-python.org>`__ |Build Status| |PyPI version| |Coverage Status|
-=========================================================================================================
-
-
-Introduction
-------------
-
-`Graphene <http://graphene-python.org>`__ is a Python library for
-building GraphQL schemas/types fast and easily.
-
--  **Easy to use:** Graphene helps you use GraphQL in Python without
-   effort.
--  **Relay:** Graphene has builtin support for Relay.
--  **Data agnostic:** Graphene supports any kind of data source: SQL
-   (Django, SQLAlchemy), NoSQL, custom Python objects, etc. We believe
-   that by providing a complete API you could plug Graphene anywhere
-   your data lives and make your data available through GraphQL.
-
-Integrations
-------------
-
-Graphene has multiple integrations with different frameworks:
-
-+---------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
-| integration         | Package                                                                                      |
-+=====================+==============================================================================================+
-| Django              | `graphene-django <https://github.com/graphql-python/graphene-django/>`__                     |
-+---------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
-| SQLAlchemy          | `graphene-sqlalchemy <https://github.com/graphql-python/graphene-sqlalchemy/>`__             |
-+---------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
-| Google App Engine   | `graphene-gae <https://github.com/graphql-python/graphene-gae/>`__                           |
-+---------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
-| Peewee              | *In progress* (`Tracking Issue <https://github.com/graphql-python/graphene/issues/289>`__)   |
-+---------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
-
-Also, Graphene is fully compatible with the GraphQL spec, working
-seamlessly with all GraphQL clients, such as
-`Relay <https://github.com/facebook/relay>`__,
-`Apollo <https://github.com/apollographql/apollo-client>`__ and
-`gql <https://github.com/graphql-python/gql>`__.
-
-Installation
-------------
-
-For instaling graphene, just run this command in your shell
-
-.. code:: bash
-
-    pip install "graphene>=2.0"
-
-2.0 Upgrade Guide
------------------
-
-Please read `UPGRADE-v2.0.md </UPGRADE-v2.0.md>`__ to learn how to
-upgrade.
-
-Examples
---------
-
-Here is one example for you to get started:
-
-.. code:: python
-
-    import graphene
-
-    class Query(graphene.ObjectType):
-        hello = graphene.String(description='A typical hello world')
-
-        def resolve_hello(self, info):
-            return 'World'
-
-    schema = graphene.Schema(query=Query)
-
-Then Querying ``graphene.Schema`` is as simple as:
-
-.. code:: python
-
-    query = '''
-        query SayHello {
-          hello
-        }
-    '''
-    result = schema.execute(query)
-
-If you want to learn even more, you can also check the following
-`examples <examples/>`__:
-
--  **Basic Schema**: `Starwars example <examples/starwars>`__
--  **Relay Schema**: `Starwars Relay
-   example <examples/starwars_relay>`__
-
-Documentation
--------------
-
-Documentation and links to additional resources are available at
-https://docs.graphene-python.org/en/latest/
-
-Contributing
-------------
-
-After cloning this repo, create a
-`virtualenv <https://virtualenv.pypa.io/en/stable/>`__ and ensure
-dependencies are installed by running:
-
-.. code:: sh
-
-    virtualenv venv
-    source venv/bin/activate
-    pip install -e ".[test]"
-
-Well-written tests and maintaining good test coverage is important to
-this project. While developing, run new and existing tests with:
-
-.. code:: sh
-
-    py.test graphene/relay/tests/test_node.py # Single file
-    py.test graphene/relay # All tests in directory
-
-Add the ``-s`` flag if you have introduced breakpoints into the code for
-debugging. Add the ``-v`` ("verbose") flag to get more detailed test
-output. For even more detailed output, use ``-vv``. Check out the
-`pytest documentation <https://docs.pytest.org/en/latest/>`__ for more
-options and test running controls.
-
-You can also run the benchmarks with:
-
-.. code:: sh
-
-    py.test graphene --benchmark-only
-
-Graphene supports several versions of Python. To make sure that changes
-do not break compatibility with any of those versions, we use ``tox`` to
-create virtualenvs for each Python version and run tests with that
-version. To run against all Python versions defined in the ``tox.ini``
-config file, just run:
-
-.. code:: sh
-
-    tox
-
-If you wish to run against a specific version defined in the ``tox.ini``
-file:
-
-.. code:: sh
-
-    tox -e py36
-
-Tox can only use whatever versions of Python are installed on your
-system. When you create a pull request, Travis will also be running the
-same tests and report the results, so there is no need for potential
-contributors to try to install every single version of Python on their
-own system ahead of time. We appreciate opening issues and pull requests
-to make graphene even more stable & useful!
-
-Building Documentation
-~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
-
-The documentation is generated using the excellent
-`Sphinx <http://www.sphinx-doc.org/>`__ and a custom theme.
-
-An HTML version of the documentation is produced by running:
-
-.. code:: sh
-
-    make docs
-
-.. |Graphene Logo| image:: http://graphene-python.org/favicon.png
-.. |Build Status| image:: https://travis-ci.org/graphql-python/graphene.svg?branch=master
-   :target: https://travis-ci.org/graphql-python/graphene
-.. |PyPI version| image:: https://badge.fury.io/py/graphene.svg
-   :target: https://badge.fury.io/py/graphene
-.. |Coverage Status| image:: https://coveralls.io/repos/graphql-python/graphene/badge.svg?branch=master&service=github
-   :target: https://coveralls.io/github/graphql-python/graphene?branch=master

ROADMAP.md

@@ -1,54 +0,0 @@
-# GraphQL Python Roadmap
-
-In order to move Graphene and the GraphQL Python ecosystem forward it's essential to be clear with the community on next steps, so we can move uniformly.
-
-_👋 If you have more ideas on how to move the Graphene ecosystem forward, don't hesistate to [open a PR](https://github.com/graphql-python/graphene/edit/master/ROADMAP.md)_
-
-
-## Now
-- [ ] Continue to support v2.x with security releases
-- [ ] Last major/feature release is cut and graphene-* libraries should pin to that version number
-
-## Next
-New features will only be developed on version 3 of ecosystem libraries.
-
-### [Core-Next](https://github.com/graphql-python/graphql-core-next)
-Targeted as v3 of [graphql-core](https://pypi.org/project/graphql-core/), Python 3 only
-
-### Graphene
-- [ ] Integrate with the core-next API and resolve all breaking changes
-- [ ] GraphQL types from type annotations - [See issue](https://github.com/graphql-python/graphene/issues/729)
-- [ ] Add support for coroutines in Connection, Mutation (abstracting out Promise requirement) - [See PR](https://github.com/graphql-python/graphene/pull/824)
-
-### Graphene-*
-- [ ] Integrate with the graphene core-next API and resolve all breaking changes
-
-### *-graphql
-- [ ] Integrate with the graphql core-next API and resolve all breaking changes
-
-## Ongoing Initiatives
-- [ ] Improve documentation, especially for new users to the library
-- [ ] Recipes for “quick start” that people can ideally use/run
-
-
-## Dependent Libraries
-| Repo                                                                         | Release Manager | CODEOWNERS | Pinned     | next/master created | Labels Standardized |
-| ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- | --------------- | ---------- | ---------- | ------------------- | ------------------- |
-| [graphene](https://github.com/graphql-python/graphene)                       | ekampf          | ✅          |            | ✅                   |                     |
-| [graphql-core](https://github.com/graphql-python/graphql-core)               | Cito            | ✅          | N/A        | N/A                 |                     |
-| [graphql-core-next](https://github.com/graphql-python/graphql-core-next)     | Cito            | ✅          | N/A        | N/A                 |                     |
-| [graphql-server-core](https://github.com/graphql-python/graphql-server-core) | Cito            |            | ✅          | ✅                   |                     |
-| [gql](https://github.com/graphql-python/gql)                                 | ekampf          |            |            |                     |                     |
-| [gql-next](https://github.com/graphql-python/gql-next)                       | ekampf          |            | N/A        | N/A                 |                     |
-| ...[aiohttp](https://github.com/graphql-python/aiohttp-graphql)              |                 |            |            |                     |                     |
-| ...[django](https://github.com/graphql-python/graphene-django)               | mvanlonden      |            | ✅          | ✅                   |                     |
-| ...[sanic](https://github.com/graphql-python/sanic-graphql)                  | ekampf          |            |            |                     |                     |
-| ...[flask](https://github.com/graphql-python/flask-graphql)                  |                 |            |            |                     |                     |
-| ...[webob](https://github.com/graphql-python/webob-graphql)                  |                 |            |            |                     |                     |
-| ...[tornado](https://github.com/graphql-python/graphene-tornado)             | ewhauser        |            | PR created | ✅                   |                     |
-| ...[ws](https://github.com/graphql-python/graphql-ws)                        | Cito/dfee       |            | ✅          | ✅                   |                     |
-| ...[gae](https://github.com/graphql-python/graphene-gae)                     | ekampf          |            | PR created | ✅                   |                     |
-| ...[sqlalchemy](https://github.com/graphql-python/graphene-sqlalchemy)       | jnak/Nabell     | ✅          | ✅          | ✅                   |                     |
-| ...[mongo](https://github.com/graphql-python/graphene-mongo)                 |                 |            | ✅          | ✅                   |                     |
-| ...[relay-py](https://github.com/graphql-python/graphql-relay-py)            | Cito            |            |            |                     |                     |
-| ...[wsgi](https://github.com/moritzmhmk/wsgi-graphql)                        |                 |            |            |                     |                     |

SECURITY.md

@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+# Security Policy
+
+## Supported Versions
+
+Support for security issues is currently provided for Graphene 3.0 and above. Support on earlier versions cannot be guaranteed by the maintainers of this library, but community PRs may be accepted in critical cases.
+The preferred mitigation strategy is via an upgrade to Graphene 3.
+
+| Version | Supported          |
+| ------- | ------------------ |
+| 3.x     | :white_check_mark: |
+| <3.x    | :x:                |
+
+## Reporting a Vulnerability
+
+Please use responsible disclosure by contacting a core maintainer via Discord or E-Mail.

UPGRADE-v1.0.md

@@ -153,7 +153,7 @@ class Query(ObjectType):
 ```
 
 Also, if you wanted to create an `ObjectType` that implements `Node`, you have to do it
-explicity.
+explicitly.
 
 ## Django
 

UPGRADE-v2.0.md

@@ -123,7 +123,7 @@ def resolve_my_field(root, info, my_arg):
     return ...
 ```
 
-**PS.: Take care with receiving args like `my_arg` as above. This doesn't work for optional (non-required) arguments as stantard `Connection`'s arguments (first, before, after, before).**
+**PS.: Take care with receiving args like `my_arg` as above. This doesn't work for optional (non-required) arguments as standard `Connection`'s arguments (first, last, after, before).**
 You may need something like this:
 
 ```python

bin/autolinter

@@ -1,7 +0,0 @@
-#!/bin/bash
-
-# Install the required scripts with
-# pip install autoflake autopep8 isort
-autoflake ./examples/ ./graphene/ -r --remove-unused-variables --remove-all-unused-imports --in-place
-autopep8 ./examples/ ./graphene/ -r --in-place --experimental --aggressive --max-line-length 120
-isort -rc ./examples/ ./graphene/

docs/api/index.rst

@@ -92,7 +92,7 @@ Execution Metadata
 
 .. autoclass:: graphene.Context
 
-.. autoclass:: graphql.execution.base.ExecutionResult
+.. autoclass:: graphql.ExecutionResult
 
 .. Relay
 .. -----

docs/conf.py

@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 import os
+import sys
 
 import sphinx_graphene_theme
 
@@ -22,8 +23,6 @@ on_rtd = os.environ.get("READTHEDOCS", None) == "True"
 # add these directories to sys.path here. If the directory is relative to the
 # documentation root, use os.path.abspath to make it absolute, like shown here.
 #
-import os
-import sys
 
 sys.path.insert(0, os.path.abspath(".."))
 
@@ -64,25 +63,25 @@ source_suffix = ".rst"
 master_doc = "index"
 
 # General information about the project.
-project = u"Graphene"
-copyright = u"Graphene 2016"
-author = u"Syrus Akbary"
+project = "Graphene"
+copyright = "Graphene 2016"
+author = "Syrus Akbary"
 
 # The version info for the project you're documenting, acts as replacement for
 # |version| and |release|, also used in various other places throughout the
 # built documents.
 #
 # The short X.Y version.
-version = u"1.0"
+version = "1.0"
 # The full version, including alpha/beta/rc tags.
-release = u"1.0"
+release = "1.0"
 
 # The language for content autogenerated by Sphinx. Refer to documentation
 # for a list of supported languages.
 #
 # This is also used if you do content translation via gettext catalogs.
 # Usually you set "language" from the command line for these cases.
-language = None
+# language = None
 
 # There are two options for replacing |today|: either, you set today to some
 # non-false value, then it is used:
@@ -278,7 +277,7 @@ latex_elements = {
 # (source start file, target name, title,
 #  author, documentclass [howto, manual, or own class]).
 latex_documents = [
-    (master_doc, "Graphene.tex", u"Graphene Documentation", u"Syrus Akbary", "manual")
+    (master_doc, "Graphene.tex", "Graphene Documentation", "Syrus Akbary", "manual")
 ]
 
 # The name of an image file (relative to this directory) to place at the top of
@@ -318,7 +317,7 @@ latex_documents = [
 
 # One entry per manual page. List of tuples
 # (source start file, name, description, authors, manual section).
-man_pages = [(master_doc, "graphene", u"Graphene Documentation", [author], 1)]
+man_pages = [(master_doc, "graphene", "Graphene Documentation", [author], 1)]
 
 # If true, show URL addresses after external links.
 #
@@ -334,7 +333,7 @@ texinfo_documents = [
     (
         master_doc,
         "Graphene",
-        u"Graphene Documentation",
+        "Graphene Documentation",
         author,
         "Graphene",
         "One line description of project.",
@@ -456,5 +455,4 @@ intersphinx_mapping = {
         "http://docs.graphene-python.org/projects/sqlalchemy/en/latest/",
         None,
     ),
-    "graphene_gae": ("http://docs.graphene-python.org/projects/gae/en/latest/", None),
 }

docs/execution/dataloader.rst

@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ Dataloader
 DataLoader is a generic utility to be used as part of your application's
 data fetching layer to provide a simplified and consistent API over
 various remote data sources such as databases or web services via batching
-and caching.
+and caching. It is provided by a separate package `aiodataloader <https://pypi.org/project/aiodataloader/>`.
 
 
 Batching
@@ -15,32 +15,31 @@ Create loaders by providing a batch loading function.
 
 .. code:: python
 
-    from promise import Promise
-    from promise.dataloader import DataLoader
+    from aiodataloader import DataLoader
 
     class UserLoader(DataLoader):
-        def batch_load_fn(self, keys):
-            # Here we return a promise that will result on the
-            # corresponding user for each key in keys
-            return Promise.resolve([get_user(id=key) for key in keys])
+        async def batch_load_fn(self, keys):
+            # Here we call a function to return a user for each key in keys
+            return [get_user(id=key) for key in keys]
 
 
-A batch loading function accepts a list of keys, and returns a ``Promise``
-which resolves to a list of ``values``.
+A batch loading async function accepts a list of keys, and returns a list of ``values``.
 
-Then load individual values from the loader. ``DataLoader`` will coalesce all
-individual loads which occur within a single frame of execution (executed once
-the wrapping promise is resolved) and then call your batch function with all
-requested keys.
+
+``DataLoader`` will coalesce all individual loads which occur within a
+single frame of execution (executed once the wrapping event loop is resolved)
+and then call your batch function with all requested keys.
 
 
 .. code:: python
 
     user_loader = UserLoader()
 
-    user_loader.load(1).then(lambda user: user_loader.load(user.best_friend_id))
+    user1 = await user_loader.load(1)
+    user1_best_friend = await user_loader.load(user1.best_friend_id)
 
-    user_loader.load(2).then(lambda user: user_loader.load(user.best_friend_id))
+    user2 = await user_loader.load(2)
+    user2_best_friend = await user_loader.load(user2.best_friend_id)
 
 
 A naive application may have issued *four* round-trips to a backend for the
@@ -54,9 +53,9 @@ make sure that you then order the query result for the results to match the keys
 .. code:: python
 
    class UserLoader(DataLoader):
-       def batch_load_fn(self, keys):
+       async def batch_load_fn(self, keys):
            users = {user.id: user for user in User.objects.filter(id__in=keys)}
-           return Promise.resolve([users.get(user_id) for user_id in keys])
+           return [users.get(user_id) for user_id in keys]
 
 
 ``DataLoader`` allows you to decouple unrelated parts of your application without
@@ -96,7 +95,7 @@ Consider the following GraphQL request:
     }
 
 
-Naively, if ``me``, ``bestFriend`` and ``friends`` each need to request the backend,
+If ``me``, ``bestFriend`` and ``friends`` each need to send a request to the backend,
 there could be at most 13 database requests!
 
 
@@ -111,8 +110,8 @@ leaner code and at most 4 database requests, and possibly fewer if there are cac
         best_friend = graphene.Field(lambda: User)
         friends = graphene.List(lambda: User)
 
-        def resolve_best_friend(root, info):
-            return user_loader.load(root.best_friend_id)
+        async def resolve_best_friend(root, info):
+            return await user_loader.load(root.best_friend_id)
 
-        def resolve_friends(root, info):
-            return user_loader.load_many(root.friend_ids)
+        async def resolve_friends(root, info):
+            return await user_loader.load_many(root.friend_ids)

docs/execution/execute.rst

@@ -110,7 +110,7 @@ If there are multiple operations defined in a query string, ``operation_name`` s
     from graphene import ObjectType, Field, Schema
 
     class Query(ObjectType):
-        me = Field(User)
+        user = Field(User)
 
         def resolve_user(root, info):
             return get_user_by_id(12)

docs/execution/fileuploading.rst

@@ -4,5 +4,5 @@ File uploading
 File uploading is not part of the official GraphQL spec yet and is not natively
 implemented in Graphene.
 
-If your server needs to support file uploading then you can use the libary: `graphene-file-upload <https://github.com/lmcgartland/graphene-file-upload>`_ which enhances Graphene to add file
+If your server needs to support file uploading then you can use the library: `graphene-file-upload <https://github.com/lmcgartland/graphene-file-upload>`_ which enhances Graphene to add file
 uploads and conforms to the unoffical GraphQL `multipart request spec <https://github.com/jaydenseric/graphql-multipart-request-spec>`_.

docs/execution/index.rst

@@ -10,3 +10,4 @@ Execution
    dataloader
    fileuploading
    subscriptions
+   queryvalidation

docs/execution/middleware.rst

@@ -41,12 +41,14 @@ And then execute it with:
 
     result = schema.execute('THE QUERY', middleware=[AuthorizationMiddleware()])
 
+If the ``middleware`` argument includes multiple middlewares,
+these middlewares will be executed bottom-up, i.e. from last to first.
 
 Functional example
 ------------------
 
 Middleware can also be defined as a function. Here we define a middleware that
-logs the time it takes to resolve each field
+logs the time it takes to resolve each field:
 
 .. code:: python
 

docs/execution/queryvalidation.rst

@@ -0,0 +1,123 @@
+Query Validation
+================
+GraphQL uses query validators to check if Query AST is valid and can be executed. Every GraphQL server implements
+standard query validators. For example, there is an validator that tests if queried field exists on queried type, that
+makes query fail with "Cannot query field on type" error if it doesn't.
+
+To help with common use cases, graphene provides a few validation rules out of the box.
+
+
+Depth limit Validator
+---------------------
+The depth limit validator helps to prevent execution of malicious
+queries. It takes in the following arguments.
+
+- ``max_depth`` is the maximum allowed depth for any operation in a GraphQL document.
+- ``ignore`` Stops recursive depth checking based on a field name. Either a string or regexp to match the name, or a function that returns a boolean
+- ``callback`` Called each time validation runs. Receives an Object which is a map of the depths for each operation.
+
+Usage
+-----
+
+Here is how you would implement depth-limiting on your schema.
+
+.. code:: python
+
+    from graphql import validate, parse
+    from graphene import ObjectType, Schema, String
+    from graphene.validation import depth_limit_validator
+
+
+    class MyQuery(ObjectType):
+        name = String(required=True)
+
+
+    schema = Schema(query=MyQuery)
+
+    # queries which have a depth more than 20
+    # will not be executed.
+
+    validation_errors = validate(
+        schema=schema.graphql_schema,
+        document_ast=parse('THE QUERY'),
+        rules=(
+            depth_limit_validator(
+                max_depth=20
+            ),
+        )
+    )
+
+
+Disable Introspection
+---------------------
+the disable introspection validation rule ensures that your schema cannot be introspected.
+This is a useful security measure in production environments.
+
+Usage
+-----
+
+Here is how you would disable introspection for your schema.
+
+.. code:: python
+
+    from graphql import validate, parse
+    from graphene import ObjectType, Schema, String
+    from graphene.validation import DisableIntrospection
+
+
+    class MyQuery(ObjectType):
+        name = String(required=True)
+
+
+    schema = Schema(query=MyQuery)
+
+    # introspection queries will not be executed.
+
+    validation_errors = validate(
+        schema=schema.graphql_schema,
+        document_ast=parse('THE QUERY'),
+        rules=(
+            DisableIntrospection,
+        )
+    )
+
+
+Implementing custom validators
+------------------------------
+All custom query validators should extend the `ValidationRule <https://github.com/graphql-python/graphql-core/blob/v3.0.5/src/graphql/validation/rules/__init__.py#L37>`_
+base class importable from the graphql.validation.rules module. Query validators are visitor classes. They are
+instantiated at the time of query validation with one required argument (context: ASTValidationContext). In order to
+perform validation, your validator class should define one or more of enter_* and leave_* methods. For possible
+enter/leave items as well as details on function documentation, please see contents of the visitor module. To make
+validation fail, you should call validator's report_error method with the instance of GraphQLError describing failure
+reason. Here is an example query validator that visits field definitions in GraphQL query and fails query validation
+if any of those fields are blacklisted:
+
+.. code:: python
+
+    from graphql import GraphQLError
+    from graphql.language import FieldNode
+    from graphql.validation import ValidationRule
+
+
+    my_blacklist = (
+        "disallowed_field",
+    )
+
+
+    def is_blacklisted_field(field_name: str):
+        return field_name.lower() in my_blacklist
+
+
+    class BlackListRule(ValidationRule):
+        def enter_field(self, node: FieldNode, *_args):
+            field_name = node.name.value
+            if not is_blacklisted_field(field_name):
+                return
+
+            self.report_error(
+                GraphQLError(
+                    f"Cannot query '{field_name}': field is blacklisted.", node,
+                )
+            )
+

docs/index.rst

@@ -1,12 +1,6 @@
 Graphene
 ========
 
-------------
-
-The documentation below is for the ``dev`` (prerelease) version of Graphene. To view the documentation for the latest stable Graphene version go to the `v2 docs <https://docs.graphene-python.org/en/stable/>`_.
-
-------------
-
 Contents:
 
 .. toctree::
@@ -27,7 +21,6 @@ Integrations
 * `Graphene-Django <http://docs.graphene-python.org/projects/django/en/latest/>`_ (`source <https://github.com/graphql-python/graphene-django/>`_)
 * Flask-Graphql (`source <https://github.com/graphql-python/flask-graphql>`_)
 * `Graphene-SQLAlchemy <http://docs.graphene-python.org/projects/sqlalchemy/en/latest/>`_ (`source <https://github.com/graphql-python/graphene-sqlalchemy/>`_)
-* `Graphene-GAE <http://docs.graphene-python.org/projects/gae/en/latest/>`_ (`source <https://github.com/graphql-python/graphene-gae/>`_)
 * `Graphene-Mongo <http://graphene-mongo.readthedocs.io/en/latest/>`_ (`source <https://github.com/graphql-python/graphene-mongo>`_)
 * `Starlette <https://www.starlette.io/graphql/>`_ (`source <https://github.com/encode/starlette>`_)
 * `FastAPI <https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/advanced/graphql/>`_ (`source <https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi>`_)

docs/quickstart.rst

@@ -28,7 +28,7 @@ Compare Graphene's *code-first* approach to building a GraphQL API with *schema-
 
 .. _Apollo Server: https://www.apollographql.com/docs/apollo-server/
 
-.. _Ariadne: https://ariadne.readthedocs.io
+.. _Ariadne: https://ariadnegraphql.org/
 
 Graphene is fully featured with integrations for the most popular web frameworks and ORMs. Graphene produces schemas that are fully compliant with the GraphQL spec and provides tools and patterns for building a Relay-Compliant API as well.
 
@@ -37,12 +37,12 @@ An example in Graphene
 
 Let’s build a basic GraphQL schema to say "hello" and "goodbye" in Graphene.
 
-When we send a **Query** requesting only one **Field**, ``hello``, and specify a value for the ``name`` **Argument**...
+When we send a **Query** requesting only one **Field**, ``hello``, and specify a value for the ``firstName`` **Argument**...
 
 .. code::
 
     {
-      hello(name: "friend")
+      hello(firstName: "friend")
     }
 
 ...we would expect the following Response containing only the data requested (the ``goodbye`` field is not resolved).
@@ -59,15 +59,15 @@ When we send a **Query** requesting only one **Field**, ``hello``, and specify a
 Requirements
 ~~~~~~~~~~~~
 
--  Python (2.7, 3.4, 3.5, 3.6, pypy)
--  Graphene (2.0)
+-  Python (3.8, 3.9, 3.10, 3.11, 3.12, pypy)
+-  Graphene (3.0)
 
 Project setup
 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~
 
 .. code:: bash
 
-    pip install "graphene>=2.0"
+    pip install "graphene>=3.0"
 
 Creating a basic Schema
 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
@@ -79,14 +79,15 @@ In Graphene, we can define a simple schema using the following code:
     from graphene import ObjectType, String, Schema
 
     class Query(ObjectType):
-        # this defines a Field `hello` in our Schema with a single Argument `name`
-        hello = String(name=String(default_value="stranger"))
+        # this defines a Field `hello` in our Schema with a single Argument `first_name`
+        # By default, the argument name will automatically be camel-based into firstName in the generated schema
+        hello = String(first_name=String(default_value="stranger"))
         goodbye = String()
 
         # our Resolver method takes the GraphQL context (root, info) as well as
-        # Argument (name) for the Field and returns data for the query Response
-        def resolve_hello(root, info, name):
-            return f'Hello {name}!'
+        # Argument (first_name) for the Field and returns data for the query Response
+        def resolve_hello(root, info, first_name):
+            return f'Hello {first_name}!'
 
         def resolve_goodbye(root, info):
             return 'See ya!'
@@ -110,7 +111,7 @@ In the `GraphQL Schema Definition Language`_, we could describe the fields defin
 .. code::
 
     type Query {
-      hello(name: String = "stranger"): String
+      hello(firstName: String = "stranger"): String
       goodbye: String
     }
 
@@ -130,7 +131,7 @@ Then we can start querying our **Schema** by passing a GraphQL query string to `
     # "Hello stranger!"
 
     # or passing the argument in the query
-    query_with_argument = '{ hello(name: "GraphQL") }'
+    query_with_argument = '{ hello(firstName: "GraphQL") }'
     result = schema.execute(query_with_argument)
     print(result.data['hello'])
     # "Hello GraphQL!"

docs/relay/index.rst

@@ -19,11 +19,8 @@ Useful links
 -  `Getting started with Relay`_
 -  `Relay Global Identification Specification`_
 -  `Relay Cursor Connection Specification`_
--  `Relay input Object Mutation`_
 
-.. _Relay: https://facebook.github.io/relay/docs/en/graphql-server-specification.html
-.. _Relay specification: https://facebook.github.io/relay/graphql/objectidentification.htm#sec-Node-root-field
-.. _Getting started with Relay: https://facebook.github.io/relay/docs/en/quick-start-guide.html
-.. _Relay Global Identification Specification: https://facebook.github.io/relay/graphql/objectidentification.htm
-.. _Relay Cursor Connection Specification: https://facebook.github.io/relay/graphql/connections.htm
-.. _Relay input Object Mutation: https://facebook.github.io/relay/graphql/mutations.htm
+.. _Relay: https://relay.dev/docs/guides/graphql-server-specification/
+.. _Getting started with Relay: https://relay.dev/docs/getting-started/step-by-step-guide/
+.. _Relay Global Identification Specification: https://relay.dev/graphql/objectidentification.htm
+.. _Relay Cursor Connection Specification: https://relay.dev/graphql/connections.htm

docs/requirements.txt

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 # Required library
-Sphinx==1.5.3
-sphinx-autobuild==0.7.1
+Sphinx==6.1.3
+sphinx-autobuild==2021.3.14
 # Docs template
 http://graphene-python.org/sphinx_graphene_theme.zip

docs/testing/index.rst

@@ -69,43 +69,3 @@ You can also add extra keyword arguments to the ``execute`` method, such as
                 'hey': 'hello Peter!'
             }
         }
-
-
-Snapshot testing
-~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
-
-As our APIs evolve, we need to know when our changes introduce any breaking changes that might break
-some of the clients of our GraphQL app.
-
-However, writing tests and replicate the same response we expect from our GraphQL application can be
-tedious and repetitive task, and sometimes it's easier to skip this process.
-
-Because of that, we recommend the usage of `SnapshotTest <https://github.com/syrusakbary/snapshottest/>`_.
-
-SnapshotTest let us write all this tests in a breeze, as creates automatically the ``snapshots`` for us
-the first time the test is executed.
-
-
-Here is a simple example on how our tests will look if we use ``pytest``:
-
-.. code:: python
-
-    def test_hey(snapshot):
-        client = Client(my_schema)
-        # This will create a snapshot dir and a snapshot file
-        # the first time the test is executed, with the response
-        # of the execution.
-        snapshot.assert_match(client.execute('''{ hey }'''))
-
-
-If we are using ``unittest``:
-
-.. code:: python
-
-    from snapshottest import TestCase
-
-    class APITestCase(TestCase):
-        def test_api_me(self):
-            """Testing the API for /me"""
-            client = Client(my_schema)
-            self.assertMatchSnapshot(client.execute('''{ hey }'''))

docs/types/enums.rst

@@ -86,7 +86,7 @@ In the Python ``Enum`` implementation you can access a member by initing the Enu
     assert Color(1) == Color.RED
 
 
-However, in Graphene ``Enum`` you need to call get to have the same effect:
+However, in Graphene ``Enum`` you need to call `.get` to have the same effect:
 
 .. code:: python
 

docs/types/interfaces.rst

@@ -44,7 +44,7 @@ Both of these types have all of the fields from the ``Character`` interface,
 but also bring in extra fields, ``home_planet``, ``starships`` and
 ``primary_function``, that are specific to that particular type of character.
 
-The full GraphQL schema defition will look like this:
+The full GraphQL schema definition will look like this:
 
 .. code::
 

docs/types/mutations.rst

@@ -85,9 +85,9 @@ We should receive:
 
 InputFields and InputObjectTypes
 ----------------------------------
-InputFields are used in mutations to allow nested input data for mutations
+InputFields are used in mutations to allow nested input data for mutations.
 
-To use an InputField you define an InputObjectType that specifies the structure of your input data
+To use an InputField you define an InputObjectType that specifies the structure of your input data:
 
 
 .. code:: python
@@ -112,7 +112,7 @@ To use an InputField you define an InputObjectType that specifies the structure
             return CreatePerson(person=person)
 
 
-Note that  **name** and **age** are part of **person_data** now
+Note that  **name** and **age** are part of **person_data** now.
 
 Using the above mutation your new query would look like this:
 
@@ -128,7 +128,7 @@ Using the above mutation your new query would look like this:
     }
 
 InputObjectTypes can also be fields of InputObjectTypes allowing you to have
-as complex of input data as you need
+as complex of input data as you need:
 
 .. code:: python
 
@@ -160,7 +160,7 @@ To return an existing ObjectType instead of a mutation-specific type, set the **
         def mutate(root, info, name):
             return Person(name=name)
 
-Then, if we query (``schema.execute(query_str)``) the following:
+Then, if we query (``schema.execute(query_str)``) with the following:
 
 .. code::
 

docs/types/objecttypes.rst

@@ -80,6 +80,10 @@ If we have a schema with Person type and one field on the root query.
 
     from graphene import ObjectType, String, Field
 
+    def get_human(name):
+        first_name, last_name = name.split()
+        return Person(first_name, last_name)
+
     class Person(ObjectType):
         full_name = String()
 

docs/types/scalars.rst

@@ -270,8 +270,8 @@ The following is an example for creating a DateTime scalar:
             return dt.isoformat()
 
         @staticmethod
-        def parse_literal(node):
-            if isinstance(node, ast.StringValue):
+        def parse_literal(node, _variables=None):
+            if isinstance(node, ast.StringValueNode):
                 return datetime.datetime.strptime(
                     node.value, "%Y-%m-%dT%H:%M:%S.%f")
 

docs/types/schema.rst

@@ -44,7 +44,7 @@ There are some cases where the schema cannot access all of the types that we pla
 For example, when a field returns an ``Interface``, the schema doesn't know about any of the
 implementations.
 
-In this case, we need to use the ``types`` argument when creating the Schema.
+In this case, we need to use the ``types`` argument when creating the Schema:
 
 
 .. code:: python
@@ -63,7 +63,7 @@ By default all field and argument names (that are not
 explicitly set with the ``name`` arg) will be converted from
 ``snake_case`` to ``camelCase`` (as the API is usually being consumed by a js/mobile client)
 
-For example with the ObjectType
+For example with the ObjectType the ``last_name`` field name is converted to ``lastName``:
 
 .. code:: python
 
@@ -71,12 +71,10 @@ For example with the ObjectType
         last_name = graphene.String()
         other_name = graphene.String(name='_other_Name')
 
-the ``last_name`` field name is converted to ``lastName``.
-
 In case you don't want to apply this transformation, provide a ``name`` argument to the field constructor.
 ``other_name`` converts to ``_other_Name`` (without further transformations).
 
-Your query should look like
+Your query should look like:
 
 .. code::
 
@@ -86,7 +84,7 @@ Your query should look like
     }
 
 
-To disable this behavior, set the ``auto_camelcase`` to ``False`` upon schema instantiation.
+To disable this behavior, set the ``auto_camelcase`` to ``False`` upon schema instantiation:
 
 .. code:: python
 

docs/types/unions.rst

@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ to specify any common fields between the types.
 The basics:
 
 - Each Union is a Python class that inherits from ``graphene.Union``.
-- Unions don't have any fields on it, just links to the possible objecttypes.
+- Unions don't have any fields on it, just links to the possible ObjectTypes.
 
 Quick example
 -------------

examples/simple_example.py

@@ -8,7 +8,6 @@ class Patron(graphene.ObjectType):
 
 
 class Query(graphene.ObjectType):
-
     patron = graphene.Field(Patron)
 
     def resolve_patron(root, info):

examples/starwars/tests/snapshots/snap_test_query.py

@@ -1,100 +0,0 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
-# snapshottest: v1 - https://goo.gl/zC4yUc
-from __future__ import unicode_literals
-
-from snapshottest import Snapshot
-
-snapshots = Snapshot()
-
-snapshots["test_hero_name_query 1"] = {"data": {"hero": {"name": "R2-D2"}}}
-
-snapshots["test_hero_name_and_friends_query 1"] = {
-    "data": {
-        "hero": {
-            "id": "2001",
-            "name": "R2-D2",
-            "friends": [
-                {"name": "Luke Skywalker"},
-                {"name": "Han Solo"},
-                {"name": "Leia Organa"},
-            ],
-        }
-    }
-}
-
-snapshots["test_nested_query 1"] = {
-    "data": {
-        "hero": {
-            "name": "R2-D2",
-            "friends": [
-                {
-                    "name": "Luke Skywalker",
-                    "appearsIn": ["NEWHOPE", "EMPIRE", "JEDI"],
-                    "friends": [
-                        {"name": "Han Solo"},
-                        {"name": "Leia Organa"},
-                        {"name": "C-3PO"},
-                        {"name": "R2-D2"},
-                    ],
-                },
-                {
-                    "name": "Han Solo",
-                    "appearsIn": ["NEWHOPE", "EMPIRE", "JEDI"],
-                    "friends": [
-                        {"name": "Luke Skywalker"},
-                        {"name": "Leia Organa"},
-                        {"name": "R2-D2"},
-                    ],
-                },
-                {
-                    "name": "Leia Organa",
-                    "appearsIn": ["NEWHOPE", "EMPIRE", "JEDI"],
-                    "friends": [
-                        {"name": "Luke Skywalker"},
-                        {"name": "Han Solo"},
-                        {"name": "C-3PO"},
-                        {"name": "R2-D2"},
-                    ],
-                },
-            ],
-        }
-    }
-}
-
-snapshots["test_fetch_luke_query 1"] = {"data": {"human": {"name": "Luke Skywalker"}}}
-
-snapshots["test_fetch_some_id_query 1"] = {
-    "data": {"human": {"name": "Luke Skywalker"}}
-}
-
-snapshots["test_fetch_some_id_query2 1"] = {"data": {"human": {"name": "Han Solo"}}}
-
-snapshots["test_invalid_id_query 1"] = {"data": {"human": None}}
-
-snapshots["test_fetch_luke_aliased 1"] = {"data": {"luke": {"name": "Luke Skywalker"}}}
-
-snapshots["test_fetch_luke_and_leia_aliased 1"] = {
-    "data": {"luke": {"name": "Luke Skywalker"}, "leia": {"name": "Leia Organa"}}
-}
-
-snapshots["test_duplicate_fields 1"] = {
-    "data": {
-        "luke": {"name": "Luke Skywalker", "homePlanet": "Tatooine"},
-        "leia": {"name": "Leia Organa", "homePlanet": "Alderaan"},
-    }
-}
-
-snapshots["test_use_fragment 1"] = {
-    "data": {
-        "luke": {"name": "Luke Skywalker", "homePlanet": "Tatooine"},
-        "leia": {"name": "Leia Organa", "homePlanet": "Alderaan"},
-    }
-}
-
-snapshots["test_check_type_of_r2 1"] = {
-    "data": {"hero": {"__typename": "Droid", "name": "R2-D2"}}
-}
-
-snapshots["test_check_type_of_luke 1"] = {
-    "data": {"hero": {"__typename": "Human", "name": "Luke Skywalker"}}
-}

examples/starwars/tests/test_query.py

@@ -8,19 +8,19 @@ setup()
 client = Client(schema)
 
 
-def test_hero_name_query(snapshot):
-    query = """
+def test_hero_name_query():
+    result = client.execute("""
         query HeroNameQuery {
           hero {
             name
           }
         }
-    """
-    snapshot.assert_match(client.execute(query))
+    """)
+    assert result == {"data": {"hero": {"name": "R2-D2"}}}
 
 
-def test_hero_name_and_friends_query(snapshot):
-    query = """
+def test_hero_name_and_friends_query():
+    result = client.execute("""
         query HeroNameAndFriendsQuery {
           hero {
             id
@@ -30,12 +30,24 @@ def test_hero_name_and_friends_query(snapshot):
             }
           }
         }
-    """
-    snapshot.assert_match(client.execute(query))
+    """)
+    assert result == {
+        "data": {
+            "hero": {
+                "id": "2001",
+                "name": "R2-D2",
+                "friends": [
+                    {"name": "Luke Skywalker"},
+                    {"name": "Han Solo"},
+                    {"name": "Leia Organa"},
+                ],
+            }
+        }
+    }
 
 
-def test_nested_query(snapshot):
-    query = """
+def test_nested_query():
+    result = client.execute("""
         query NestedQuery {
           hero {
             name
@@ -48,70 +60,113 @@ def test_nested_query(snapshot):
             }
           }
         }
-    """
-    snapshot.assert_match(client.execute(query))
+    """)
+    assert result == {
+        "data": {
+            "hero": {
+                "name": "R2-D2",
+                "friends": [
+                    {
+                        "name": "Luke Skywalker",
+                        "appearsIn": ["NEWHOPE", "EMPIRE", "JEDI"],
+                        "friends": [
+                            {"name": "Han Solo"},
+                            {"name": "Leia Organa"},
+                            {"name": "C-3PO"},
+                            {"name": "R2-D2"},
+                        ],
+                    },
+                    {
+                        "name": "Han Solo",
+                        "appearsIn": ["NEWHOPE", "EMPIRE", "JEDI"],
+                        "friends": [
+                            {"name": "Luke Skywalker"},
+                            {"name": "Leia Organa"},
+                            {"name": "R2-D2"},
+                        ],
+                    },
+                    {
+                        "name": "Leia Organa",
+                        "appearsIn": ["NEWHOPE", "EMPIRE", "JEDI"],
+                        "friends": [
+                            {"name": "Luke Skywalker"},
+                            {"name": "Han Solo"},
+                            {"name": "C-3PO"},
+                            {"name": "R2-D2"},
+                        ],
+                    },
+                ],
+            }
+        }
+    }
 
 
-def test_fetch_luke_query(snapshot):
-    query = """
+def test_fetch_luke_query():
+    result = client.execute("""
         query FetchLukeQuery {
           human(id: "1000") {
             name
           }
         }
-    """
-    snapshot.assert_match(client.execute(query))
+    """)
+    assert result == {"data": {"human": {"name": "Luke Skywalker"}}}
 
 
-def test_fetch_some_id_query(snapshot):
-    query = """
+def test_fetch_some_id_query():
+    result = client.execute(
+        """
         query FetchSomeIDQuery($someId: String!) {
           human(id: $someId) {
             name
           }
         }
-    """
-    params = {"someId": "1000"}
-    snapshot.assert_match(client.execute(query, variables=params))
+    """,
+        variables={"someId": "1000"},
+    )
+    assert result == {"data": {"human": {"name": "Luke Skywalker"}}}
 
 
-def test_fetch_some_id_query2(snapshot):
-    query = """
+def test_fetch_some_id_query2():
+    result = client.execute(
+        """
         query FetchSomeIDQuery($someId: String!) {
           human(id: $someId) {
             name
           }
         }
-    """
-    params = {"someId": "1002"}
-    snapshot.assert_match(client.execute(query, variables=params))
+    """,
+        variables={"someId": "1002"},
+    )
+    assert result == {"data": {"human": {"name": "Han Solo"}}}
 
 
-def test_invalid_id_query(snapshot):
-    query = """
+def test_invalid_id_query():
+    result = client.execute(
+        """
         query humanQuery($id: String!) {
           human(id: $id) {
             name
           }
         }
-    """
-    params = {"id": "not a valid id"}
-    snapshot.assert_match(client.execute(query, variables=params))
+    """,
+        variables={"id": "not a valid id"},
+    )
+    assert result == {"data": {"human": None}}
 
 
-def test_fetch_luke_aliased(snapshot):
-    query = """
+def test_fetch_luke_aliased():
+    result = client.execute("""
         query FetchLukeAliased {
           luke: human(id: "1000") {
             name
           }
         }
-    """
-    snapshot.assert_match(client.execute(query))
+    """)
+    assert result == {"data": {"luke": {"name": "Luke Skywalker"}}}
 
 
-def test_fetch_luke_and_leia_aliased(snapshot):
-    query = """
+def test_fetch_luke_and_leia_aliased():
+    result = client.execute("""
         query FetchLukeAndLeiaAliased {
           luke: human(id: "1000") {
             name
@@ -120,12 +175,14 @@ def test_fetch_luke_and_leia_aliased(snapshot):
             name
           }
         }
-    """
-    snapshot.assert_match(client.execute(query))
+    """)
+    assert result == {
+        "data": {"luke": {"name": "Luke Skywalker"}, "leia": {"name": "Leia Organa"}}
+    }
 
 
-def test_duplicate_fields(snapshot):
-    query = """
+def test_duplicate_fields():
+    result = client.execute("""
         query DuplicateFields {
           luke: human(id: "1000") {
             name
@@ -136,12 +193,17 @@ def test_duplicate_fields(snapshot):
             homePlanet
           }
         }
-    """
-    snapshot.assert_match(client.execute(query))
+    """)
+    assert result == {
+        "data": {
+            "luke": {"name": "Luke Skywalker", "homePlanet": "Tatooine"},
+            "leia": {"name": "Leia Organa", "homePlanet": "Alderaan"},
+        }
+    }
 
 
-def test_use_fragment(snapshot):
-    query = """
+def test_use_fragment():
+    result = client.execute("""
         query UseFragment {
           luke: human(id: "1000") {
             ...HumanFragment
@@ -154,29 +216,36 @@ def test_use_fragment(snapshot):
           name
           homePlanet
         }
-    """
-    snapshot.assert_match(client.execute(query))
+    """)
+    assert result == {
+        "data": {
+            "luke": {"name": "Luke Skywalker", "homePlanet": "Tatooine"},
+            "leia": {"name": "Leia Organa", "homePlanet": "Alderaan"},
+        }
+    }
 
 
-def test_check_type_of_r2(snapshot):
-    query = """
+def test_check_type_of_r2():
+    result = client.execute("""
         query CheckTypeOfR2 {
           hero {
             __typename
             name
           }
         }
-    """
-    snapshot.assert_match(client.execute(query))
+    """)
+    assert result == {"data": {"hero": {"__typename": "Droid", "name": "R2-D2"}}}
 
 
-def test_check_type_of_luke(snapshot):
-    query = """
+def test_check_type_of_luke():
+    result = client.execute("""
         query CheckTypeOfLuke {
           hero(episode: EMPIRE) {
             __typename
             name
           }
         }
-    """
-    snapshot.assert_match(client.execute(query))
+    """)
+    assert result == {
+        "data": {"hero": {"__typename": "Human", "name": "Luke Skywalker"}}
+    }

examples/starwars_relay/tests/snapshots/snap_test_connections.py

@@ -1,26 +0,0 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
-# snapshottest: v1 - https://goo.gl/zC4yUc
-from __future__ import unicode_literals
-
-from snapshottest import Snapshot
-
-snapshots = Snapshot()
-
-snapshots["test_correct_fetch_first_ship_rebels 1"] = {
-    "data": {
-        "rebels": {
-            "name": "Alliance to Restore the Republic",
-            "ships": {
-                "pageInfo": {
-                    "startCursor": "YXJyYXljb25uZWN0aW9uOjA=",
-                    "endCursor": "YXJyYXljb25uZWN0aW9uOjA=",
-                    "hasNextPage": True,
-                    "hasPreviousPage": False,
-                },
-                "edges": [
-                    {"cursor": "YXJyYXljb25uZWN0aW9uOjA=", "node": {"name": "X-Wing"}}
-                ],
-            },
-        }
-    }
-}

examples/starwars_relay/tests/snapshots/snap_test_mutation.py

@@ -1,28 +0,0 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
-# snapshottest: v1 - https://goo.gl/zC4yUc
-from __future__ import unicode_literals
-
-from snapshottest import Snapshot
-
-snapshots = Snapshot()
-
-snapshots["test_mutations 1"] = {
-    "data": {
-        "introduceShip": {
-            "ship": {"id": "U2hpcDo5", "name": "Peter"},
-            "faction": {
-                "name": "Alliance to Restore the Republic",
-                "ships": {
-                    "edges": [
-                        {"node": {"id": "U2hpcDox", "name": "X-Wing"}},
-                        {"node": {"id": "U2hpcDoy", "name": "Y-Wing"}},
-                        {"node": {"id": "U2hpcDoz", "name": "A-Wing"}},
-                        {"node": {"id": "U2hpcDo0", "name": "Millennium Falcon"}},
-                        {"node": {"id": "U2hpcDo1", "name": "Home One"}},
-                        {"node": {"id": "U2hpcDo5", "name": "Peter"}},
-                    ]
-                },
-            },
-        }
-    }
-}

examples/starwars_relay/tests/snapshots/snap_test_objectidentification.py

@@ -1,119 +0,0 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
-# snapshottest: v1 - https://goo.gl/zC4yUc
-from __future__ import unicode_literals
-
-from snapshottest import Snapshot
-
-
-snapshots = Snapshot()
-
-snapshots["test_correctly_fetches_id_name_rebels 1"] = {
-    "data": {
-        "rebels": {"id": "RmFjdGlvbjox", "name": "Alliance to Restore the Republic"}
-    }
-}
-
-snapshots["test_correctly_refetches_rebels 1"] = {
-    "data": {"node": {"id": "RmFjdGlvbjox", "name": "Alliance to Restore the Republic"}}
-}
-
-snapshots["test_correctly_fetches_id_name_empire 1"] = {
-    "data": {"empire": {"id": "RmFjdGlvbjoy", "name": "Galactic Empire"}}
-}
-
-snapshots["test_correctly_refetches_empire 1"] = {
-    "data": {"node": {"id": "RmFjdGlvbjoy", "name": "Galactic Empire"}}
-}
-
-snapshots["test_correctly_refetches_xwing 1"] = {
-    "data": {"node": {"id": "U2hpcDox", "name": "X-Wing"}}
-}
-
-snapshots[
-    "test_str_schema 1"
-] = '''type Query {
-  rebels: Faction
-  empire: Faction
-  node(
-    """The ID of the object"""
-    id: ID!
-  ): Node
-}
-
-"""A faction in the Star Wars saga"""
-type Faction implements Node {
-  """The ID of the object"""
-  id: ID!
-
-  """The name of the faction."""
-  name: String
-
-  """The ships used by the faction."""
-  ships(before: String = null, after: String = null, first: Int = null, last: Int = null): ShipConnection
-}
-
-"""An object with an ID"""
-interface Node {
-  """The ID of the object"""
-  id: ID!
-}
-
-type ShipConnection {
-  """Pagination data for this connection."""
-  pageInfo: PageInfo!
-
-  """Contains the nodes in this connection."""
-  edges: [ShipEdge]!
-}
-
-"""
-The Relay compliant `PageInfo` type, containing data necessary to paginate this connection.
-"""
-type PageInfo {
-  """When paginating forwards, are there more items?"""
-  hasNextPage: Boolean!
-
-  """When paginating backwards, are there more items?"""
-  hasPreviousPage: Boolean!
-
-  """When paginating backwards, the cursor to continue."""
-  startCursor: String
-
-  """When paginating forwards, the cursor to continue."""
-  endCursor: String
-}
-
-"""A Relay edge containing a `Ship` and its cursor."""
-type ShipEdge {
-  """The item at the end of the edge"""
-  node: Ship
-
-  """A cursor for use in pagination"""
-  cursor: String!
-}
-
-"""A ship in the Star Wars saga"""
-type Ship implements Node {
-  """The ID of the object"""
-  id: ID!
-
-  """The name of the ship."""
-  name: String
-}
-
-type Mutation {
-  introduceShip(input: IntroduceShipInput!): IntroduceShipPayload
-}
-
-type IntroduceShipPayload {
-  ship: Ship
-  faction: Faction
-  clientMutationId: String
-}
-
-input IntroduceShipInput {
-  shipName: String!
-  factionId: String!
-  clientMutationId: String
-}
-'''

examples/starwars_relay/tests/test_connections.py

@@ -8,26 +8,46 @@ setup()
 client = Client(schema)
 
 
-def test_correct_fetch_first_ship_rebels(snapshot):
-    query = """
-    query RebelsShipsQuery {
-      rebels {
-        name,
-        ships(first: 1) {
-          pageInfo {
-            startCursor
-            endCursor
-            hasNextPage
-            hasPreviousPage
-          }
-          edges {
-            cursor
-            node {
-              name
+def test_correct_fetch_first_ship_rebels():
+    result = client.execute("""
+        query RebelsShipsQuery {
+          rebels {
+            name,
+            ships(first: 1) {
+              pageInfo {
+                startCursor
+                endCursor
+                hasNextPage
+                hasPreviousPage
+              }
+              edges {
+                cursor
+                node {
+                  name
+                }
+              }
             }
           }
         }
-      }
+    """)
+    assert result == {
+        "data": {
+            "rebels": {
+                "name": "Alliance to Restore the Republic",
+                "ships": {
+                    "pageInfo": {
+                        "startCursor": "YXJyYXljb25uZWN0aW9uOjA=",
+                        "endCursor": "YXJyYXljb25uZWN0aW9uOjA=",
+                        "hasNextPage": True,
+                        "hasPreviousPage": False,
+                    },
+                    "edges": [
+                        {
+                            "cursor": "YXJyYXljb25uZWN0aW9uOjA=",
+                            "node": {"name": "X-Wing"},
+                        }
+                    ],
+                },
+            }
+        }
     }
-    """
-    snapshot.assert_match(client.execute(query))

examples/starwars_relay/tests/test_mutation.py

@@ -8,26 +8,45 @@ setup()
 client = Client(schema)
 
 
-def test_mutations(snapshot):
-    query = """
-    mutation MyMutation {
-      introduceShip(input:{clientMutationId:"abc", shipName: "Peter", factionId: "1"}) {
-        ship {
-          id
-          name
-        }
-        faction {
-          name
-          ships {
-            edges {
-              node {
-                id
-                name
+def test_mutations():
+    result = client.execute("""
+        mutation MyMutation {
+          introduceShip(input:{clientMutationId:"abc", shipName: "Peter", factionId: "1"}) {
+            ship {
+              id
+              name
+            }
+            faction {
+              name
+              ships {
+                edges {
+                  node {
+                    id
+                    name
+                  }
+                }
               }
             }
           }
         }
-      }
+    """)
+    assert result == {
+        "data": {
+            "introduceShip": {
+                "ship": {"id": "U2hpcDo5", "name": "Peter"},
+                "faction": {
+                    "name": "Alliance to Restore the Republic",
+                    "ships": {
+                        "edges": [
+                            {"node": {"id": "U2hpcDox", "name": "X-Wing"}},
+                            {"node": {"id": "U2hpcDoy", "name": "Y-Wing"}},
+                            {"node": {"id": "U2hpcDoz", "name": "A-Wing"}},
+                            {"node": {"id": "U2hpcDo0", "name": "Millennium Falcon"}},
+                            {"node": {"id": "U2hpcDo1", "name": "Home One"}},
+                            {"node": {"id": "U2hpcDo5", "name": "Peter"}},
+                        ]
+                    },
+                },
+            }
+        }
     }
-    """
-    snapshot.assert_match(client.execute(query))

examples/starwars_relay/tests/test_objectidentification.py

@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
+import textwrap
+
 from graphene.test import Client
 
 from ..data import setup
@@ -8,24 +10,115 @@ setup()
 client = Client(schema)
 
 
-def test_str_schema(snapshot):
-    snapshot.assert_match(str(schema))
+def test_str_schema():
+    assert str(schema).strip() == textwrap.dedent(
+        '''\
+        type Query {
+          rebels: Faction
+          empire: Faction
+          node(
+            """The ID of the object"""
+            id: ID!
+          ): Node
+        }
+
+        """A faction in the Star Wars saga"""
+        type Faction implements Node {
+          """The ID of the object"""
+          id: ID!
+
+          """The name of the faction."""
+          name: String
+
+          """The ships used by the faction."""
+          ships(before: String, after: String, first: Int, last: Int): ShipConnection
+        }
+
+        """An object with an ID"""
+        interface Node {
+          """The ID of the object"""
+          id: ID!
+        }
+
+        type ShipConnection {
+          """Pagination data for this connection."""
+          pageInfo: PageInfo!
+
+          """Contains the nodes in this connection."""
+          edges: [ShipEdge]!
+        }
+
+        """
+        The Relay compliant `PageInfo` type, containing data necessary to paginate this connection.
+        """
+        type PageInfo {
+          """When paginating forwards, are there more items?"""
+          hasNextPage: Boolean!
+
+          """When paginating backwards, are there more items?"""
+          hasPreviousPage: Boolean!
+
+          """When paginating backwards, the cursor to continue."""
+          startCursor: String
+
+          """When paginating forwards, the cursor to continue."""
+          endCursor: String
+        }
+
+        """A Relay edge containing a `Ship` and its cursor."""
+        type ShipEdge {
+          """The item at the end of the edge"""
+          node: Ship
+
+          """A cursor for use in pagination"""
+          cursor: String!
+        }
+
+        """A ship in the Star Wars saga"""
+        type Ship implements Node {
+          """The ID of the object"""
+          id: ID!
+
+          """The name of the ship."""
+          name: String
+        }
+
+        type Mutation {
+          introduceShip(input: IntroduceShipInput!): IntroduceShipPayload
+        }
+
+        type IntroduceShipPayload {
+          ship: Ship
+          faction: Faction
+          clientMutationId: String
+        }
+
+        input IntroduceShipInput {
+          shipName: String!
+          factionId: String!
+          clientMutationId: String
+        }'''
+    )
 
 
-def test_correctly_fetches_id_name_rebels(snapshot):
-    query = """
+def test_correctly_fetches_id_name_rebels():
+    result = client.execute("""
       query RebelsQuery {
         rebels {
           id
           name
         }
       }
-    """
-    snapshot.assert_match(client.execute(query))
+    """)
+    assert result == {
+        "data": {
+            "rebels": {"id": "RmFjdGlvbjox", "name": "Alliance to Restore the Republic"}
+        }
+    }
 
 
-def test_correctly_refetches_rebels(snapshot):
-    query = """
+def test_correctly_refetches_rebels():
+    result = client.execute("""
       query RebelsRefetchQuery {
         node(id: "RmFjdGlvbjox") {
           id
@@ -34,24 +127,30 @@ def test_correctly_refetches_rebels(snapshot):
           }
         }
       }
-    """
-    snapshot.assert_match(client.execute(query))
+    """)
+    assert result == {
+        "data": {
+            "node": {"id": "RmFjdGlvbjox", "name": "Alliance to Restore the Republic"}
+        }
+    }
 
 
-def test_correctly_fetches_id_name_empire(snapshot):
-    query = """
+def test_correctly_fetches_id_name_empire():
+    result = client.execute("""
       query EmpireQuery {
         empire {
           id
           name
         }
       }
-    """
-    snapshot.assert_match(client.execute(query))
+    """)
+    assert result == {
+        "data": {"empire": {"id": "RmFjdGlvbjoy", "name": "Galactic Empire"}}
+    }
 
 
-def test_correctly_refetches_empire(snapshot):
-    query = """
+def test_correctly_refetches_empire():
+    result = client.execute("""
       query EmpireRefetchQuery {
         node(id: "RmFjdGlvbjoy") {
           id
@@ -60,12 +159,14 @@ def test_correctly_refetches_empire(snapshot):
           }
         }
       }
-    """
-    snapshot.assert_match(client.execute(query))
+    """)
+    assert result == {
+        "data": {"node": {"id": "RmFjdGlvbjoy", "name": "Galactic Empire"}}
+    }
 
 
-def test_correctly_refetches_xwing(snapshot):
-    query = """
+def test_correctly_refetches_xwing():
+    result = client.execute("""
       query XWingRefetchQuery {
         node(id: "U2hpcDox") {
           id
@@ -74,5 +175,5 @@ def test_correctly_refetches_xwing(snapshot):
           }
         }
       }
-    """
-    snapshot.assert_match(client.execute(query))
+    """)
+    assert result == {"data": {"node": {"id": "U2hpcDox", "name": "X-Wing"}}}

graphene/__init__.py

@@ -1,11 +1,15 @@
 from .pyutils.version import get_version
 from .relay import (
+    BaseGlobalIDType,
     ClientIDMutation,
     Connection,
     ConnectionField,
+    DefaultGlobalIDType,
     GlobalID,
     Node,
     PageInfo,
+    SimpleGlobalIDType,
+    UUIDGlobalIDType,
     is_node,
 )
 from .types import (
@@ -13,6 +17,7 @@ from .types import (
     UUID,
     Argument,
     Base64,
+    BigInt,
     Boolean,
     Context,
     Date,
@@ -41,7 +46,7 @@ from .types import (
 from .utils.module_loading import lazy_import
 from .utils.resolve_only_args import resolve_only_args
 
-VERSION = (3, 0, 0, "beta", 6)
+VERSION = (3, 4, 3, "final", 0)
 
 
 __version__ = get_version(VERSION)
@@ -50,6 +55,8 @@ __all__ = [
     "__version__",
     "Argument",
     "Base64",
+    "BigInt",
+    "BaseGlobalIDType",
     "Boolean",
     "ClientIDMutation",
     "Connection",
@@ -58,6 +65,7 @@ __all__ = [
     "Date",
     "DateTime",
     "Decimal",
+    "DefaultGlobalIDType",
     "Dynamic",
     "Enum",
     "Field",
@@ -78,10 +86,12 @@ __all__ = [
     "ResolveInfo",
     "Scalar",
     "Schema",
+    "SimpleGlobalIDType",
     "String",
     "Time",
-    "UUID",
     "Union",
+    "UUID",
+    "UUIDGlobalIDType",
     "is_node",
     "lazy_import",
     "resolve_only_args",

graphene/pyutils/version.py

@@ -1,5 +1,3 @@
-from __future__ import unicode_literals
-
 import datetime
 import os
 import subprocess
@@ -19,10 +17,7 @@ def get_version(version=None):
     sub = ""
     if version[3] == "alpha" and version[4] == 0:
         git_changeset = get_git_changeset()
-        if git_changeset:
-            sub = ".dev%s" % git_changeset
-        else:
-            sub = ".dev"
+        sub = ".dev%s" % git_changeset if git_changeset else ".dev"
     elif version[3] != "final":
         mapping = {"alpha": "a", "beta": "b", "rc": "rc"}
         sub = mapping[version[3]] + str(version[4])
@@ -76,6 +71,6 @@ def get_git_changeset():
         )
         timestamp = git_log.communicate()[0]
         timestamp = datetime.datetime.utcfromtimestamp(int(timestamp))
-    except:
+    except Exception:
         return None
     return timestamp.strftime("%Y%m%d%H%M%S")

graphene/relay/__init__.py

@@ -1,13 +1,23 @@
 from .node import Node, is_node, GlobalID
 from .mutation import ClientIDMutation
 from .connection import Connection, ConnectionField, PageInfo
+from .id_type import (
+    BaseGlobalIDType,
+    DefaultGlobalIDType,
+    SimpleGlobalIDType,
+    UUIDGlobalIDType,
+)
 
 __all__ = [
-    "Node",
-    "is_node",
-    "GlobalID",
+    "BaseGlobalIDType",
     "ClientIDMutation",
     "Connection",
     "ConnectionField",
+    "DefaultGlobalIDType",
+    "GlobalID",
+    "Node",
     "PageInfo",
+    "SimpleGlobalIDType",
+    "UUIDGlobalIDType",
+    "is_node",
 ]

graphene/relay/connection.py

@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 import re
 from collections.abc import Iterable
 from functools import partial
+from typing import Type
 
 from graphql_relay import connection_from_array
 
@@ -8,7 +9,34 @@ from ..types import Boolean, Enum, Int, Interface, List, NonNull, Scalar, String
 from ..types.field import Field
 from ..types.objecttype import ObjectType, ObjectTypeOptions
 from ..utils.thenables import maybe_thenable
-from .node import is_node
+from .node import is_node, AbstractNode
+
+
+def get_edge_class(
+    connection_class: Type["Connection"],
+    _node: Type[AbstractNode],
+    base_name: str,
+    strict_types: bool = False,
+):
+    edge_class = getattr(connection_class, "Edge", None)
+
+    class EdgeBase:
+        node = Field(
+            NonNull(_node) if strict_types else _node,
+            description="The item at the end of the edge",
+        )
+        cursor = String(required=True, description="A cursor for use in pagination")
+
+    class EdgeMeta:
+        description = f"A Relay edge containing a `{base_name}` and its cursor."
+
+    edge_name = f"{base_name}Edge"
+
+    edge_bases = [edge_class, EdgeBase] if edge_class else [EdgeBase]
+    if not isinstance(edge_class, ObjectType):
+        edge_bases = [*edge_bases, ObjectType]
+
+    return type(edge_name, tuple(edge_bases), {"Meta": EdgeMeta})
 
 
 class PageInfo(ObjectType):
@@ -61,8 +89,11 @@ class Connection(ObjectType):
         abstract = True
 
     @classmethod
-    def __init_subclass_with_meta__(cls, node=None, name=None, **options):
-        _meta = ConnectionOptions(cls)
+    def __init_subclass_with_meta__(
+        cls, node=None, name=None, strict_types=False, _meta=None, **options
+    ):
+        if not _meta:
+            _meta = ConnectionOptions(cls)
         assert node, f"You have to provide a node in {cls.__name__}.Meta"
         assert isinstance(node, NonNull) or issubclass(
             node, (Scalar, Enum, ObjectType, Interface, Union, NonNull)
@@ -72,39 +103,29 @@ class Connection(ObjectType):
         if not name:
             name = f"{base_name}Connection"
 
-        edge_class = getattr(cls, "Edge", None)
-        _node = node
-
-        class EdgeBase:
-            node = Field(_node, description="The item at the end of the edge")
-            cursor = String(required=True, description="A cursor for use in pagination")
-
-        class EdgeMeta:
-            description = f"A Relay edge containing a `{base_name}` and its cursor."
-
-        edge_name = f"{base_name}Edge"
-        if edge_class:
-            edge_bases = (edge_class, EdgeBase, ObjectType)
-        else:
-            edge_bases = (EdgeBase, ObjectType)
-
-        edge = type(edge_name, edge_bases, {"Meta": EdgeMeta})
-        cls.Edge = edge
-
         options["name"] = name
+
         _meta.node = node
-        _meta.fields = {
-            "page_info": Field(
+
+        if not _meta.fields:
+            _meta.fields = {}
+
+        if "page_info" not in _meta.fields:
+            _meta.fields["page_info"] = Field(
                 PageInfo,
                 name="pageInfo",
                 required=True,
                 description="Pagination data for this connection.",
-            ),
-            "edges": Field(
-                NonNull(List(edge)),
+            )
+
+        if "edges" not in _meta.fields:
+            edge_class = get_edge_class(cls, node, base_name, strict_types)  # type: ignore
+            cls.Edge = edge_class
+            _meta.fields["edges"] = Field(
+                NonNull(List(NonNull(edge_class) if strict_types else edge_class)),
                 description="Contains the nodes in this connection.",
-            ),
-        }
+            )
+
         return super(Connection, cls).__init_subclass_with_meta__(
             _meta=_meta, **options
         )

graphene/relay/id_type.py

@@ -0,0 +1,87 @@
+from graphql_relay import from_global_id, to_global_id
+
+from ..types import ID, UUID
+from ..types.base import BaseType
+
+from typing import Type
+
+
+class BaseGlobalIDType:
+    """
+    Base class that define the required attributes/method for a type.
+    """
+
+    graphene_type: Type[BaseType] = ID
+
+    @classmethod
+    def resolve_global_id(cls, info, global_id):
+        # return _type, _id
+        raise NotImplementedError
+
+    @classmethod
+    def to_global_id(cls, _type, _id):
+        # return _id
+        raise NotImplementedError
+
+
+class DefaultGlobalIDType(BaseGlobalIDType):
+    """
+    Default global ID type: base64 encoded version of "<node type name>: <node id>".
+    """
+
+    graphene_type = ID
+
+    @classmethod
+    def resolve_global_id(cls, info, global_id):
+        try:
+            _type, _id = from_global_id(global_id)
+            if not _type:
+                raise ValueError("Invalid Global ID")
+            return _type, _id
+        except Exception as e:
+            raise Exception(
+                f'Unable to parse global ID "{global_id}". '
+                'Make sure it is a base64 encoded string in the format: "TypeName:id". '
+                f"Exception message: {e}"
+            )
+
+    @classmethod
+    def to_global_id(cls, _type, _id):
+        return to_global_id(_type, _id)
+
+
+class SimpleGlobalIDType(BaseGlobalIDType):
+    """
+    Simple global ID type: simply the id of the object.
+    To be used carefully as the user is responsible for ensuring that the IDs are indeed global
+    (otherwise it could cause request caching issues).
+    """
+
+    graphene_type = ID
+
+    @classmethod
+    def resolve_global_id(cls, info, global_id):
+        _type = info.return_type.graphene_type._meta.name
+        return _type, global_id
+
+    @classmethod
+    def to_global_id(cls, _type, _id):
+        return _id
+
+
+class UUIDGlobalIDType(BaseGlobalIDType):
+    """
+    UUID global ID type.
+    By definition UUID are global so they are used as they are.
+    """
+
+    graphene_type = UUID
+
+    @classmethod
+    def resolve_global_id(cls, info, global_id):
+        _type = info.return_type.graphene_type._meta.name
+        return _type, global_id
+
+    @classmethod
+    def to_global_id(cls, _type, _id):
+        return _id

graphene/relay/node.py

@@ -1,11 +1,10 @@
 from functools import partial
 from inspect import isclass
 
-from graphql_relay import from_global_id, to_global_id
-
-from ..types import ID, Field, Interface, ObjectType
+from ..types import Field, Interface, ObjectType
 from ..types.interface import InterfaceOptions
 from ..types.utils import get_type
+from .id_type import BaseGlobalIDType, DefaultGlobalIDType
 
 
 def is_node(objecttype):
@@ -18,16 +17,22 @@ def is_node(objecttype):
     if not issubclass(objecttype, ObjectType):
         return False
 
-    for i in objecttype._meta.interfaces:
-        if issubclass(i, Node):
-            return True
-
-    return False
+    return any(issubclass(i, Node) for i in objecttype._meta.interfaces)
 
 
 class GlobalID(Field):
-    def __init__(self, node=None, parent_type=None, required=True, *args, **kwargs):
-        super(GlobalID, self).__init__(ID, required=required, *args, **kwargs)
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        node=None,
+        parent_type=None,
+        required=True,
+        global_id_type=DefaultGlobalIDType,
+        *args,
+        **kwargs,
+    ):
+        super(GlobalID, self).__init__(
+            global_id_type.graphene_type, required=required, *args, **kwargs
+        )
         self.node = node or Node
         self.parent_type_name = parent_type._meta.name if parent_type else None
 
@@ -51,12 +56,14 @@ class NodeField(Field):
         assert issubclass(node, Node), "NodeField can only operate in Nodes"
         self.node_type = node
         self.field_type = type_
+        global_id_type = node._meta.global_id_type
 
         super(NodeField, self).__init__(
-            # If we don's specify a type, the field type will be the node
-            # interface
+            # If we don't specify a type, the field type will be the node interface
             type_ or node,
-            id=ID(required=True, description="The ID of the object"),
+            id=global_id_type.graphene_type(
+                required=True, description="The ID of the object"
+            ),
             **kwargs,
         )
 
@@ -69,11 +76,23 @@ class AbstractNode(Interface):
         abstract = True
 
     @classmethod
-    def __init_subclass_with_meta__(cls, **options):
+    def __init_subclass_with_meta__(cls, global_id_type=DefaultGlobalIDType, **options):
+        assert issubclass(
+            global_id_type, BaseGlobalIDType
+        ), "Custom ID type need to be implemented as a subclass of BaseGlobalIDType."
         _meta = InterfaceOptions(cls)
-        _meta.fields = {"id": GlobalID(cls, description="The ID of the object")}
+        _meta.global_id_type = global_id_type
+        _meta.fields = {
+            "id": GlobalID(
+                cls, global_id_type=global_id_type, description="The ID of the object"
+            )
+        }
         super(AbstractNode, cls).__init_subclass_with_meta__(_meta=_meta, **options)
 
+    @classmethod
+    def resolve_global_id(cls, info, global_id):
+        return cls._meta.global_id_type.resolve_global_id(info, global_id)
+
 
 class Node(AbstractNode):
     """An object with an ID"""
@@ -88,16 +107,7 @@ class Node(AbstractNode):
 
     @classmethod
     def get_node_from_global_id(cls, info, global_id, only_type=None):
-        try:
-            _type, _id = cls.from_global_id(global_id)
-        except Exception as e:
-            raise Exception(
-                (
-                    f'Unable to parse global ID "{global_id}". '
-                    'Make sure it is a base64 encoded string in the format: "TypeName:id". '
-                    f"Exception message: {str(e)}"
-                )
-            )
+        _type, _id = cls.resolve_global_id(info, global_id)
 
         graphene_type = info.schema.get_type(_type)
         if graphene_type is None:
@@ -120,10 +130,6 @@ class Node(AbstractNode):
         if get_node:
             return get_node(info, _id)
 
-    @classmethod
-    def from_global_id(cls, global_id):
-        return from_global_id(global_id)
-
     @classmethod
     def to_global_id(cls, type_, id):
-        return to_global_id(type_, id)
+        return cls._meta.global_id_type.to_global_id(type_, id)

graphene/relay/tests/test_connection.py

@@ -1,7 +1,15 @@
+import re
+
 from pytest import raises
 
 from ...types import Argument, Field, Int, List, NonNull, ObjectType, Schema, String
-from ..connection import Connection, ConnectionField, PageInfo
+from ..connection import (
+    Connection,
+    ConnectionField,
+    PageInfo,
+    ConnectionOptions,
+    get_edge_class,
+)
 from ..node import Node
 
 
@@ -51,6 +59,111 @@ def test_connection_inherit_abstracttype():
     assert list(fields) == ["page_info", "edges", "extra"]
 
 
+def test_connection_extra_abstract_fields():
+    class ConnectionWithNodes(Connection):
+        class Meta:
+            abstract = True
+
+        @classmethod
+        def __init_subclass_with_meta__(cls, node=None, name=None, **options):
+            _meta = ConnectionOptions(cls)
+
+            _meta.fields = {
+                "nodes": Field(
+                    NonNull(List(node)),
+                    description="Contains all the nodes in this connection.",
+                ),
+            }
+
+            return super(ConnectionWithNodes, cls).__init_subclass_with_meta__(
+                node=node, name=name, _meta=_meta, **options
+            )
+
+    class MyObjectConnection(ConnectionWithNodes):
+        class Meta:
+            node = MyObject
+
+        class Edge:
+            other = String()
+
+    assert MyObjectConnection._meta.name == "MyObjectConnection"
+    fields = MyObjectConnection._meta.fields
+    assert list(fields) == ["nodes", "page_info", "edges"]
+    edge_field = fields["edges"]
+    pageinfo_field = fields["page_info"]
+    nodes_field = fields["nodes"]
+
+    assert isinstance(edge_field, Field)
+    assert isinstance(edge_field.type, NonNull)
+    assert isinstance(edge_field.type.of_type, List)
+    assert edge_field.type.of_type.of_type == MyObjectConnection.Edge
+
+    assert isinstance(pageinfo_field, Field)
+    assert isinstance(pageinfo_field.type, NonNull)
+    assert pageinfo_field.type.of_type == PageInfo
+
+    assert isinstance(nodes_field, Field)
+    assert isinstance(nodes_field.type, NonNull)
+    assert isinstance(nodes_field.type.of_type, List)
+    assert nodes_field.type.of_type.of_type == MyObject
+
+
+def test_connection_override_fields():
+    class ConnectionWithNodes(Connection):
+        class Meta:
+            abstract = True
+
+        @classmethod
+        def __init_subclass_with_meta__(cls, node=None, name=None, **options):
+            _meta = ConnectionOptions(cls)
+            base_name = (
+                re.sub("Connection$", "", name or cls.__name__) or node._meta.name
+            )
+
+            edge_class = get_edge_class(cls, node, base_name)
+
+            _meta.fields = {
+                "page_info": Field(
+                    NonNull(
+                        PageInfo,
+                        name="pageInfo",
+                        required=True,
+                        description="Pagination data for this connection.",
+                    )
+                ),
+                "edges": Field(
+                    NonNull(List(NonNull(edge_class))),
+                    description="Contains the nodes in this connection.",
+                ),
+            }
+
+            return super(ConnectionWithNodes, cls).__init_subclass_with_meta__(
+                node=node, name=name, _meta=_meta, **options
+            )
+
+    class MyObjectConnection(ConnectionWithNodes):
+        class Meta:
+            node = MyObject
+
+    assert MyObjectConnection._meta.name == "MyObjectConnection"
+    fields = MyObjectConnection._meta.fields
+    assert list(fields) == ["page_info", "edges"]
+    edge_field = fields["edges"]
+    pageinfo_field = fields["page_info"]
+
+    assert isinstance(edge_field, Field)
+    assert isinstance(edge_field.type, NonNull)
+    assert isinstance(edge_field.type.of_type, List)
+    assert isinstance(edge_field.type.of_type.of_type, NonNull)
+
+    assert edge_field.type.of_type.of_type.of_type.__name__ == "MyObjectEdge"
+
+    # This page info is NonNull
+    assert isinstance(pageinfo_field, Field)
+    assert isinstance(edge_field.type, NonNull)
+    assert pageinfo_field.type.of_type == PageInfo
+
+
 def test_connection_name():
     custom_name = "MyObjectCustomNameConnection"
 
@@ -186,3 +299,20 @@ def test_connectionfield_required():
     executed = schema.execute("{ testConnection { edges { cursor } } }")
     assert not executed.errors
     assert executed.data == {"testConnection": {"edges": []}}
+
+
+def test_connectionfield_strict_types():
+    class MyObjectConnection(Connection):
+        class Meta:
+            node = MyObject
+            strict_types = True
+
+    connection_field = ConnectionField(MyObjectConnection)
+    edges_field_type = connection_field.type._meta.fields["edges"].type
+    assert isinstance(edges_field_type, NonNull)
+
+    edges_list_element_type = edges_field_type.of_type.of_type
+    assert isinstance(edges_list_element_type, NonNull)
+
+    node_field = edges_list_element_type.of_type._meta.fields["node"]
+    assert isinstance(node_field.type, NonNull)

graphene/relay/tests/test_connection_async.py

@@ -51,10 +51,10 @@ letters = {letter: Letter(id=i, letter=letter) for i, letter in enumerate(letter
 def edges(selected_letters):
     return [
         {
-            "node": {"id": base64("Letter:%s" % l.id), "letter": l.letter},
-            "cursor": base64("arrayconnection:%s" % l.id),
+            "node": {"id": base64("Letter:%s" % letter.id), "letter": letter.letter},
+            "cursor": base64("arrayconnection:%s" % letter.id),
         }
-        for l in [letters[i] for i in selected_letters]
+        for letter in [letters[i] for i in selected_letters]
     ]
 
 

graphene/relay/tests/test_connection_query.py

@@ -51,10 +51,10 @@ letters = {letter: Letter(id=i, letter=letter) for i, letter in enumerate(letter
 def edges(selected_letters):
     return [
         {
-            "node": {"id": base64("Letter:%s" % l.id), "letter": l.letter},
-            "cursor": base64("arrayconnection:%s" % l.id),
+            "node": {"id": base64("Letter:%s" % letter.id), "letter": letter.letter},
+            "cursor": base64("arrayconnection:%s" % letter.id),
         }
-        for l in [letters[i] for i in selected_letters]
+        for letter in [letters[i] for i in selected_letters]
     ]
 
 
@@ -66,7 +66,6 @@ def cursor_for(ltr):
 async def execute(args=""):
     if args:
         args = "(" + args + ")"
-
     return await schema.execute_async(
         """
     {
@@ -164,14 +163,14 @@ async def test_respects_first_and_after_and_before_too_few():
 @mark.asyncio
 async def test_respects_first_and_after_and_before_too_many():
     await check(
-        f'first: 4, after: "{cursor_for("A")}", before: "{cursor_for("E")}"', "BCD",
+        f'first: 4, after: "{cursor_for("A")}", before: "{cursor_for("E")}"', "BCD"
     )
 
 
 @mark.asyncio
 async def test_respects_first_and_after_and_before_exactly_right():
     await check(
-        f'first: 3, after: "{cursor_for("A")}", before: "{cursor_for("E")}"', "BCD",
+        f'first: 3, after: "{cursor_for("A")}", before: "{cursor_for("E")}"', "BCD"
     )
 
 
@@ -187,14 +186,14 @@ async def test_respects_last_and_after_and_before_too_few():
 @mark.asyncio
 async def test_respects_last_and_after_and_before_too_many():
     await check(
-        f'last: 4, after: "{cursor_for("A")}", before: "{cursor_for("E")}"', "BCD",
+        f'last: 4, after: "{cursor_for("A")}", before: "{cursor_for("E")}"', "BCD"
     )
 
 
 @mark.asyncio
 async def test_respects_last_and_after_and_before_exactly_right():
     await check(
-        f'last: 3, after: "{cursor_for("A")}", before: "{cursor_for("E")}"', "BCD",
+        f'last: 3, after: "{cursor_for("A")}", before: "{cursor_for("E")}"', "BCD"
     )
 
 

graphene/relay/tests/test_custom_global_id.py

@@ -0,0 +1,325 @@
+import re
+from uuid import uuid4
+
+from graphql import graphql_sync
+
+from ..id_type import BaseGlobalIDType, SimpleGlobalIDType, UUIDGlobalIDType
+from ..node import Node
+from ...types import Int, ObjectType, Schema, String
+
+
+class TestUUIDGlobalID:
+    def setup_method(self):
+        self.user_list = [
+            {"id": uuid4(), "name": "First"},
+            {"id": uuid4(), "name": "Second"},
+            {"id": uuid4(), "name": "Third"},
+            {"id": uuid4(), "name": "Fourth"},
+        ]
+        self.users = {user["id"]: user for user in self.user_list}
+
+        class CustomNode(Node):
+            class Meta:
+                global_id_type = UUIDGlobalIDType
+
+        class User(ObjectType):
+            class Meta:
+                interfaces = [CustomNode]
+
+            name = String()
+
+            @classmethod
+            def get_node(cls, _type, _id):
+                return self.users[_id]
+
+        class RootQuery(ObjectType):
+            user = CustomNode.Field(User)
+
+        self.schema = Schema(query=RootQuery, types=[User])
+        self.graphql_schema = self.schema.graphql_schema
+
+    def test_str_schema_correct(self):
+        """
+        Check that the schema has the expected and custom node interface and user type and that they both use UUIDs
+        """
+        parsed = re.findall(r"(.+) \{\n\s*([\w\W]*?)\n\}", str(self.schema))
+        types = [t for t, f in parsed]
+        fields = [f for t, f in parsed]
+        custom_node_interface = "interface CustomNode"
+        assert custom_node_interface in types
+        assert (
+            '"""The ID of the object"""\n  id: UUID!'
+            == fields[types.index(custom_node_interface)]
+        )
+        user_type = "type User implements CustomNode"
+        assert user_type in types
+        assert (
+            '"""The ID of the object"""\n  id: UUID!\n  name: String'
+            == fields[types.index(user_type)]
+        )
+
+    def test_get_by_id(self):
+        query = """query userById($id: UUID!) {
+            user(id: $id) {
+                id
+                name
+            }
+        }"""
+        # UUID need to be converted to string for serialization
+        result = graphql_sync(
+            self.graphql_schema,
+            query,
+            variable_values={"id": str(self.user_list[0]["id"])},
+        )
+        assert not result.errors
+        assert result.data["user"]["id"] == str(self.user_list[0]["id"])
+        assert result.data["user"]["name"] == self.user_list[0]["name"]
+
+
+class TestSimpleGlobalID:
+    def setup_method(self):
+        self.user_list = [
+            {"id": "my global primary key in clear 1", "name": "First"},
+            {"id": "my global primary key in clear 2", "name": "Second"},
+            {"id": "my global primary key in clear 3", "name": "Third"},
+            {"id": "my global primary key in clear 4", "name": "Fourth"},
+        ]
+        self.users = {user["id"]: user for user in self.user_list}
+
+        class CustomNode(Node):
+            class Meta:
+                global_id_type = SimpleGlobalIDType
+
+        class User(ObjectType):
+            class Meta:
+                interfaces = [CustomNode]
+
+            name = String()
+
+            @classmethod
+            def get_node(cls, _type, _id):
+                return self.users[_id]
+
+        class RootQuery(ObjectType):
+            user = CustomNode.Field(User)
+
+        self.schema = Schema(query=RootQuery, types=[User])
+        self.graphql_schema = self.schema.graphql_schema
+
+    def test_str_schema_correct(self):
+        """
+        Check that the schema has the expected and custom node interface and user type and that they both use UUIDs
+        """
+        parsed = re.findall(r"(.+) \{\n\s*([\w\W]*?)\n\}", str(self.schema))
+        types = [t for t, f in parsed]
+        fields = [f for t, f in parsed]
+        custom_node_interface = "interface CustomNode"
+        assert custom_node_interface in types
+        assert (
+            '"""The ID of the object"""\n  id: ID!'
+            == fields[types.index(custom_node_interface)]
+        )
+        user_type = "type User implements CustomNode"
+        assert user_type in types
+        assert (
+            '"""The ID of the object"""\n  id: ID!\n  name: String'
+            == fields[types.index(user_type)]
+        )
+
+    def test_get_by_id(self):
+        query = """query {
+            user(id: "my global primary key in clear 3") {
+                id
+                name
+            }
+        }"""
+        result = graphql_sync(self.graphql_schema, query)
+        assert not result.errors
+        assert result.data["user"]["id"] == self.user_list[2]["id"]
+        assert result.data["user"]["name"] == self.user_list[2]["name"]
+
+
+class TestCustomGlobalID:
+    def setup_method(self):
+        self.user_list = [
+            {"id": 1, "name": "First"},
+            {"id": 2, "name": "Second"},
+            {"id": 3, "name": "Third"},
+            {"id": 4, "name": "Fourth"},
+        ]
+        self.users = {user["id"]: user for user in self.user_list}
+
+        class CustomGlobalIDType(BaseGlobalIDType):
+            """
+            Global id that is simply and integer in clear.
+            """
+
+            graphene_type = Int
+
+            @classmethod
+            def resolve_global_id(cls, info, global_id):
+                _type = info.return_type.graphene_type._meta.name
+                return _type, global_id
+
+            @classmethod
+            def to_global_id(cls, _type, _id):
+                return _id
+
+        class CustomNode(Node):
+            class Meta:
+                global_id_type = CustomGlobalIDType
+
+        class User(ObjectType):
+            class Meta:
+                interfaces = [CustomNode]
+
+            name = String()
+
+            @classmethod
+            def get_node(cls, _type, _id):
+                return self.users[_id]
+
+        class RootQuery(ObjectType):
+            user = CustomNode.Field(User)
+
+        self.schema = Schema(query=RootQuery, types=[User])
+        self.graphql_schema = self.schema.graphql_schema
+
+    def test_str_schema_correct(self):
+        """
+        Check that the schema has the expected and custom node interface and user type and that they both use UUIDs
+        """
+        parsed = re.findall(r"(.+) \{\n\s*([\w\W]*?)\n\}", str(self.schema))
+        types = [t for t, f in parsed]
+        fields = [f for t, f in parsed]
+        custom_node_interface = "interface CustomNode"
+        assert custom_node_interface in types
+        assert (
+            '"""The ID of the object"""\n  id: Int!'
+            == fields[types.index(custom_node_interface)]
+        )
+        user_type = "type User implements CustomNode"
+        assert user_type in types
+        assert (
+            '"""The ID of the object"""\n  id: Int!\n  name: String'
+            == fields[types.index(user_type)]
+        )
+
+    def test_get_by_id(self):
+        query = """query {
+            user(id: 2) {
+                id
+                name
+            }
+        }"""
+        result = graphql_sync(self.graphql_schema, query)
+        assert not result.errors
+        assert result.data["user"]["id"] == self.user_list[1]["id"]
+        assert result.data["user"]["name"] == self.user_list[1]["name"]
+
+
+class TestIncompleteCustomGlobalID:
+    def setup_method(self):
+        self.user_list = [
+            {"id": 1, "name": "First"},
+            {"id": 2, "name": "Second"},
+            {"id": 3, "name": "Third"},
+            {"id": 4, "name": "Fourth"},
+        ]
+        self.users = {user["id"]: user for user in self.user_list}
+
+    def test_must_define_to_global_id(self):
+        """
+        Test that if the `to_global_id` method is not defined, we can query the object, but we can't request its ID.
+        """
+
+        class CustomGlobalIDType(BaseGlobalIDType):
+            graphene_type = Int
+
+            @classmethod
+            def resolve_global_id(cls, info, global_id):
+                _type = info.return_type.graphene_type._meta.name
+                return _type, global_id
+
+        class CustomNode(Node):
+            class Meta:
+                global_id_type = CustomGlobalIDType
+
+        class User(ObjectType):
+            class Meta:
+                interfaces = [CustomNode]
+
+            name = String()
+
+            @classmethod
+            def get_node(cls, _type, _id):
+                return self.users[_id]
+
+        class RootQuery(ObjectType):
+            user = CustomNode.Field(User)
+
+        self.schema = Schema(query=RootQuery, types=[User])
+        self.graphql_schema = self.schema.graphql_schema
+
+        query = """query {
+            user(id: 2) {
+                name
+            }
+        }"""
+        result = graphql_sync(self.graphql_schema, query)
+        assert not result.errors
+        assert result.data["user"]["name"] == self.user_list[1]["name"]
+
+        query = """query {
+            user(id: 2) {
+                id
+                name
+            }
+        }"""
+        result = graphql_sync(self.graphql_schema, query)
+        assert result.errors is not None
+        assert len(result.errors) == 1
+        assert result.errors[0].path == ["user", "id"]
+
+    def test_must_define_resolve_global_id(self):
+        """
+        Test that if the `resolve_global_id` method is not defined, we can't query the object by ID.
+        """
+
+        class CustomGlobalIDType(BaseGlobalIDType):
+            graphene_type = Int
+
+            @classmethod
+            def to_global_id(cls, _type, _id):
+                return _id
+
+        class CustomNode(Node):
+            class Meta:
+                global_id_type = CustomGlobalIDType
+
+        class User(ObjectType):
+            class Meta:
+                interfaces = [CustomNode]
+
+            name = String()
+
+            @classmethod
+            def get_node(cls, _type, _id):
+                return self.users[_id]
+
+        class RootQuery(ObjectType):
+            user = CustomNode.Field(User)
+
+        self.schema = Schema(query=RootQuery, types=[User])
+        self.graphql_schema = self.schema.graphql_schema
+
+        query = """query {
+            user(id: 2) {
+                id
+                name
+            }
+        }"""
+        result = graphql_sync(self.graphql_schema, query)
+        assert result.errors is not None
+        assert len(result.errors) == 1
+        assert result.errors[0].path == ["user"]

graphene/relay/tests/test_mutation_async.py

@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@ from pytest import mark
 from graphene.types import ID, Field, ObjectType, Schema
 from graphene.types.scalars import String
 from graphene.relay.mutation import ClientIDMutation
+from graphene.test import Client
 
 
 class SharedFields(object):
@@ -61,24 +62,27 @@ class Mutation(ObjectType):
 
 
 schema = Schema(query=RootQuery, mutation=Mutation)
+client = Client(schema)
 
 
 @mark.asyncio
 async def test_node_query_promise():
-    executed = await schema.execute_async(
+    executed = await client.execute_async(
         'mutation a { sayPromise(input: {what:"hello", clientMutationId:"1"}) { phrase } }'
     )
-    assert not executed.errors
-    assert executed.data == {"sayPromise": {"phrase": "hello"}}
+    assert isinstance(executed, dict)
+    assert "errors" not in executed
+    assert executed["data"] == {"sayPromise": {"phrase": "hello"}}
 
 
 @mark.asyncio
 async def test_edge_query():
-    executed = await schema.execute_async(
+    executed = await client.execute_async(
         'mutation a { other(input: {clientMutationId:"1"}) { clientMutationId, myNodeEdge { cursor node { name }} } }'
     )
-    assert not executed.errors
-    assert dict(executed.data) == {
+    assert isinstance(executed, dict)
+    assert "errors" not in executed
+    assert executed["data"] == {
         "other": {
             "clientMutationId": "1",
             "myNodeEdge": {"cursor": "1", "node": {"name": "name"}},

graphene/relay/tests/test_node.py

@@ -1,14 +1,13 @@
 import re
-from graphql_relay import to_global_id
+from textwrap import dedent
 
-from graphene.tests.utils import dedent
+from graphql_relay import to_global_id
 
 from ...types import ObjectType, Schema, String
 from ..node import Node, is_node
 
 
 class SharedNodeFields:
-
     shared = String()
     something_else = String()
 
@@ -55,6 +54,7 @@ def test_node_good():
     assert "id" in MyNode._meta.fields
     assert is_node(MyNode)
     assert not is_node(object)
+    assert not is_node("node")
 
 
 def test_node_query():
@@ -171,8 +171,10 @@ def test_node_field_only_lazy_type_wrong():
 
 
 def test_str_schema():
-    assert str(schema) == dedent(
-        '''
+    assert (
+        str(schema).strip()
+        == dedent(
+            '''
         schema {
           query: RootQuery
         }
@@ -213,4 +215,5 @@ def test_str_schema():
           ): MyNode
         }
         '''
+        ).strip()
     )

graphene/relay/tests/test_node_custom.py

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
-from graphql import graphql_sync
+from textwrap import dedent
 
-from graphene.tests.utils import dedent
+from graphql import graphql_sync
 
 from ...types import Interface, ObjectType, Schema
 from ...types.scalars import Int, String
@@ -54,8 +54,10 @@ graphql_schema = schema.graphql_schema
 
 
 def test_str_schema_correct():
-    assert str(schema) == dedent(
-        '''
+    assert (
+        str(schema).strip()
+        == dedent(
+            '''
         schema {
           query: RootQuery
         }
@@ -93,6 +95,7 @@ def test_str_schema_correct():
           ): Node
         }
         '''
+        ).strip()
     )
 
 

graphene/test/__init__.py

@@ -1,5 +1,3 @@
-from promise import Promise, is_thenable
-from graphql.error import format_error as format_graphql_error
 from graphql.error import GraphQLError
 
 from graphene.types.schema import Schema
@@ -7,7 +5,7 @@ from graphene.types.schema import Schema
 
 def default_format_error(error):
     if isinstance(error, GraphQLError):
-        return format_graphql_error(error)
+        return error.formatted
     return {"message": str(error)}
 
 
@@ -32,7 +30,10 @@ class Client:
 
     def execute(self, *args, **kwargs):
         executed = self.schema.execute(*args, **dict(self.execute_options, **kwargs))
-        if is_thenable(executed):
-            return Promise.resolve(executed).then(self.format_result)
-
+        return self.format_result(executed)
+
+    async def execute_async(self, *args, **kwargs):
+        executed = await self.schema.execute_async(
+            *args, **dict(self.execute_options, **kwargs)
+        )
         return self.format_result(executed)

graphene/tests/issues/test_1293.py

@@ -0,0 +1,41 @@
+# https://github.com/graphql-python/graphene/issues/1293
+
+from datetime import datetime, timezone
+
+import graphene
+from graphql.utilities import print_schema
+
+
+class Filters(graphene.InputObjectType):
+    datetime_after = graphene.DateTime(
+        required=False,
+        default_value=datetime.fromtimestamp(1434549820.776, timezone.utc),
+    )
+    datetime_before = graphene.DateTime(
+        required=False,
+        default_value=datetime.fromtimestamp(1444549820.776, timezone.utc),
+    )
+
+
+class SetDatetime(graphene.Mutation):
+    class Arguments:
+        filters = Filters(required=True)
+
+    ok = graphene.Boolean()
+
+    def mutate(root, info, filters):
+        return SetDatetime(ok=True)
+
+
+class Query(graphene.ObjectType):
+    goodbye = graphene.String()
+
+
+class Mutations(graphene.ObjectType):
+    set_datetime = SetDatetime.Field()
+
+
+def test_schema_printable_with_default_datetime_value():
+    schema = graphene.Schema(query=Query, mutation=Mutations)
+    schema_str = print_schema(schema.graphql_schema)
+    assert schema_str, "empty schema printed"

graphene/tests/issues/test_1394.py

@@ -0,0 +1,36 @@
+from ...types import ObjectType, Schema, String, NonNull
+
+
+class Query(ObjectType):
+    hello = String(input=NonNull(String))
+
+    def resolve_hello(self, info, input):
+        if input == "nothing":
+            return None
+        return f"Hello {input}!"
+
+
+schema = Schema(query=Query)
+
+
+def test_required_input_provided():
+    """
+    Test that a required argument works when provided.
+    """
+    input_value = "Potato"
+    result = schema.execute('{ hello(input: "%s") }' % input_value)
+    assert not result.errors
+    assert result.data == {"hello": "Hello Potato!"}
+
+
+def test_required_input_missing():
+    """
+    Test that a required argument raised an error if not provided.
+    """
+    result = schema.execute("{ hello }")
+    assert result.errors
+    assert len(result.errors) == 1
+    assert (
+        result.errors[0].message
+        == "Field 'hello' argument 'input' of type 'String!' is required, but it was not provided."
+    )

graphene/tests/issues/test_1419.py

@@ -0,0 +1,53 @@
+import pytest
+
+from ...types.base64 import Base64
+from ...types.datetime import Date, DateTime
+from ...types.decimal import Decimal
+from ...types.generic import GenericScalar
+from ...types.json import JSONString
+from ...types.objecttype import ObjectType
+from ...types.scalars import ID, BigInt, Boolean, Float, Int, String
+from ...types.schema import Schema
+from ...types.uuid import UUID
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize(
+    "input_type,input_value",
+    [
+        (Date, '"2022-02-02"'),
+        (GenericScalar, '"foo"'),
+        (Int, "1"),
+        (BigInt, "12345678901234567890"),
+        (Float, "1.1"),
+        (String, '"foo"'),
+        (Boolean, "true"),
+        (ID, "1"),
+        (DateTime, '"2022-02-02T11:11:11"'),
+        (UUID, '"cbebbc62-758e-4f75-a890-bc73b5017d81"'),
+        (Decimal, '"1.1"'),
+        (JSONString, '"{\\"key\\":\\"foo\\",\\"value\\":\\"bar\\"}"'),
+        (Base64, '"Q2hlbG8gd29ycmxkCg=="'),
+    ],
+)
+def test_parse_literal_with_variables(input_type, input_value):
+    # input_b needs to be evaluated as literal while the variable dict for
+    # input_a is passed along.
+
+    class Query(ObjectType):
+        generic = GenericScalar(input_a=GenericScalar(), input_b=input_type())
+
+        def resolve_generic(self, info, input_a=None, input_b=None):
+            return input
+
+    schema = Schema(query=Query)
+
+    query = f"""
+        query Test($a: GenericScalar){{
+            generic(inputA: $a, inputB: {input_value})
+        }}
+    """
+    result = schema.execute(
+        query,
+        variables={"a": "bar"},
+    )
+    assert not result.errors

graphene/tests/issues/test_881.py

@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+import pickle
+
+from ...types.enum import Enum
+
+
+class PickleEnum(Enum):
+    # is defined outside of test because pickle unable to dump class inside ot pytest function
+    A = "a"
+    B = 1
+
+
+def test_enums_pickling():
+    a = PickleEnum.A
+    pickled = pickle.dumps(a)
+    restored = pickle.loads(pickled)
+    assert type(a) is type(restored)
+    assert a == restored
+    assert a.value == restored.value
+    assert a.name == restored.name
+
+    b = PickleEnum.B
+    pickled = pickle.dumps(b)
+    restored = pickle.loads(pickled)
+    assert type(a) is type(restored)
+    assert b == restored
+    assert b.value == restored.value
+    assert b.name == restored.name

graphene/tests/utils.py

@@ -1,9 +0,0 @@
-from textwrap import dedent as _dedent
-
-
-def dedent(text: str) -> str:
-    """Fix indentation of given text by removing leading spaces and tabs.
-    Also removes leading newlines and trailing spaces and tabs, but keeps trailing
-    newlines.
-    """
-    return _dedent(text.lstrip("\n").rstrip(" \t"))

graphene/types/__init__.py

@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# flake8: noqa
 from graphql import GraphQLResolveInfo as ResolveInfo
 
 from .argument import Argument
@@ -15,7 +14,7 @@ from .interface import Interface
 from .json import JSONString
 from .mutation import Mutation
 from .objecttype import ObjectType
-from .scalars import ID, Boolean, Float, Int, Scalar, String
+from .scalars import ID, BigInt, Boolean, Float, Int, Scalar, String
 from .schema import Schema
 from .structures import List, NonNull
 from .union import Union
@@ -24,6 +23,7 @@ from .uuid import UUID
 __all__ = [
     "Argument",
     "Base64",
+    "BigInt",
     "Boolean",
     "Context",
     "Date",

graphene/types/argument.py

@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 from itertools import chain
+from graphql import Undefined
 
 from .dynamic import Dynamic
 from .mountedtype import MountedType
@@ -30,18 +31,22 @@ class Argument(MountedType):
         type (class for a graphene.UnmountedType): must be a class (not an instance) of an
             unmounted graphene type (ex. scalar or object) which is used for the type of this
             argument in the GraphQL schema.
-        required (bool): indicates this argument as not null in the graphql schema. Same behavior
+        required (optional, bool): indicates this argument as not null in the graphql schema. Same behavior
             as graphene.NonNull. Default False.
-        name (str): the name of the GraphQL argument. Defaults to parameter name.
-        description (str): the description of the GraphQL argument in the schema.
-        default_value (Any): The value to be provided if the user does not set this argument in
+        name (optional, str): the name of the GraphQL argument. Defaults to parameter name.
+        description (optional, str): the description of the GraphQL argument in the schema.
+        default_value (optional, Any): The value to be provided if the user does not set this argument in
             the operation.
+        deprecation_reason (optional, str): Setting this value indicates that the argument is
+            depreciated and may provide instruction or reason on how for clients to proceed. Cannot be
+            set if the argument is required (see spec).
     """
 
     def __init__(
         self,
         type_,
-        default_value=None,
+        default_value=Undefined,
+        deprecation_reason=None,
         description=None,
         name=None,
         required=False,
@@ -50,12 +55,16 @@ class Argument(MountedType):
         super(Argument, self).__init__(_creation_counter=_creation_counter)
 
         if required:
+            assert (
+                deprecation_reason is None
+            ), f"Argument {name} is required, cannot deprecate it."
             type_ = NonNull(type_)
 
         self.name = name
         self._type = type_
         self.default_value = default_value
         self.description = description
+        self.deprecation_reason = deprecation_reason
 
     @property
     def type(self):
@@ -67,6 +76,7 @@ class Argument(MountedType):
             and self.type == other.type
             and self.default_value == other.default_value
             and self.description == other.description
+            and self.deprecation_reason == other.deprecation_reason
         )
 
 

graphene/types/base.py

@@ -1,17 +1,17 @@
-from typing import Type
+from typing import Type, Optional
 
 from ..utils.subclass_with_meta import SubclassWithMeta, SubclassWithMeta_Meta
 from ..utils.trim_docstring import trim_docstring
 
 
 class BaseOptions:
-    name = None  # type: str
-    description = None  # type: str
+    name: Optional[str] = None
+    description: Optional[str] = None
 
-    _frozen = False  # type: bool
+    _frozen: bool = False
 
-    def __init__(self, class_type):
-        self.class_type = class_type  # type: Type
+    def __init__(self, class_type: Type):
+        self.class_type: Type = class_type
 
     def freeze(self):
         self._frozen = True

graphene/types/base64.py

@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@ class Base64(Scalar):
         return b64encode(value).decode("utf-8")
 
     @classmethod
-    def parse_literal(cls, node):
+    def parse_literal(cls, node, _variables=None):
         if not isinstance(node, StringValueNode):
             raise GraphQLError(
                 f"Base64 cannot represent non-string value: {print_ast(node)}"

graphene/types/datetime.py

@@ -1,8 +1,7 @@
-from __future__ import absolute_import
-
 import datetime
 
-from aniso8601 import parse_date, parse_datetime, parse_time
+from dateutil.parser import isoparse
+
 from graphql.error import GraphQLError
 from graphql.language import StringValueNode, print_ast
 
@@ -39,7 +38,7 @@ class Date(Scalar):
         if not isinstance(value, str):
             raise GraphQLError(f"Date cannot represent non-string value: {repr(value)}")
         try:
-            return parse_date(value)
+            return datetime.date.fromisoformat(value)
         except ValueError:
             raise GraphQLError(f"Date cannot represent value: {repr(value)}")
 
@@ -74,7 +73,7 @@ class DateTime(Scalar):
                 f"DateTime cannot represent non-string value: {repr(value)}"
             )
         try:
-            return parse_datetime(value)
+            return isoparse(value)
         except ValueError:
             raise GraphQLError(f"DateTime cannot represent value: {repr(value)}")
 
@@ -107,6 +106,6 @@ class Time(Scalar):
         if not isinstance(value, str):
             raise GraphQLError(f"Time cannot represent non-string value: {repr(value)}")
         try:
-            return parse_time(value)
+            return datetime.time.fromisoformat(value)
         except ValueError:
             raise GraphQLError(f"Time cannot represent value: {repr(value)}")

graphene/types/decimal.py

@@ -1,8 +1,7 @@
-from __future__ import absolute_import
-
 from decimal import Decimal as _Decimal
 
-from graphql.language.ast import StringValueNode
+from graphql import Undefined
+from graphql.language.ast import StringValueNode, IntValueNode
 
 from .scalars import Scalar
 
@@ -22,13 +21,14 @@ class Decimal(Scalar):
         return str(dec)
 
     @classmethod
-    def parse_literal(cls, node):
-        if isinstance(node, StringValueNode):
+    def parse_literal(cls, node, _variables=None):
+        if isinstance(node, (StringValueNode, IntValueNode)):
             return cls.parse_value(node.value)
+        return Undefined
 
     @staticmethod
     def parse_value(value):
         try:
             return _Decimal(value)
-        except ValueError:
-            return None
+        except Exception:
+            return Undefined

graphene/types/definitions.py

@@ -7,7 +7,6 @@ from graphql import (
     GraphQLObjectType,
     GraphQLScalarType,
     GraphQLUnionType,
-    Undefined,
 )
 
 
@@ -21,6 +20,11 @@ class GrapheneGraphQLType:
         self.graphene_type = kwargs.pop("graphene_type")
         super(GrapheneGraphQLType, self).__init__(*args, **kwargs)
 
+    def __copy__(self):
+        result = GrapheneGraphQLType(graphene_type=self.graphene_type)
+        result.__dict__.update(self.__dict__)
+        return result
+
 
 class GrapheneInterfaceType(GrapheneGraphQLType, GraphQLInterfaceType):
     pass
@@ -50,7 +54,7 @@ class GrapheneEnumType(GrapheneGraphQLType, GraphQLEnumType):
                 try:
                     value = enum[value]
                 except KeyError:
-                    return Undefined
+                    pass
         return super(GrapheneEnumType, self).serialize(value)
 
 

graphene/types/enum.py

@@ -12,6 +12,10 @@ def eq_enum(self, other):
     return self.value is other
 
 
+def hash_enum(self):
+    return hash(self.name)
+
+
 EnumType = type(PyEnum)
 
 
@@ -22,14 +26,16 @@ class EnumOptions(BaseOptions):
 
 class EnumMeta(SubclassWithMeta_Meta):
     def __new__(cls, name_, bases, classdict, **options):
-        enum_members = dict(classdict, __eq__=eq_enum)
+        enum_members = dict(classdict, __eq__=eq_enum, __hash__=hash_enum)
         # We remove the Meta attribute from the class to not collide
         # with the enum values.
         enum_members.pop("Meta", None)
         enum = PyEnum(cls.__name__, enum_members)
-        return SubclassWithMeta_Meta.__new__(
+        obj = SubclassWithMeta_Meta.__new__(
             cls, name_, bases, dict(classdict, __enum__=enum), **options
         )
+        globals()[name_] = obj.__enum__
+        return obj
 
     def get(cls, value):
         return cls._meta.enum(value)
@@ -52,15 +58,19 @@ class EnumMeta(SubclassWithMeta_Meta):
         return super(EnumMeta, cls).__call__(*args, **kwargs)
         # return cls._meta.enum(*args, **kwargs)
 
-    def from_enum(cls, enum, description=None, deprecation_reason=None):  # noqa: N805
-        description = description or enum.__doc__
+    def __iter__(cls):
+        return cls._meta.enum.__iter__()
+
+    def from_enum(cls, enum, name=None, description=None, deprecation_reason=None):  # noqa: N805
+        name = name or enum.__name__
+        description = description or enum.__doc__ or "An enumeration."
         meta_dict = {
             "enum": enum,
             "description": description,
             "deprecation_reason": deprecation_reason,
         }
         meta_class = type("Meta", (object,), meta_dict)
-        return type(meta_class.enum.__name__, (Enum,), {"Meta": meta_class})
+        return type(name, (Enum,), {"Meta": meta_class})
 
 
 class Enum(UnmountedType, BaseType, metaclass=EnumMeta):

graphene/types/field.py

@@ -43,7 +43,8 @@ class Field(MountedType):
     args:
         type (class for a graphene.UnmountedType): Must be a class (not an instance) of an
             unmounted graphene type (ex. scalar or object) which is used for the type of this
-            field in the GraphQL schema.
+            field in the GraphQL schema. You can provide a dotted module import path (string)
+            to the class instead of the class itself (e.g. to avoid circular import issues).
         args (optional, Dict[str, graphene.Argument]): Arguments that can be input to the field.
             Prefer to use ``**extra_args``, unless you use an argument name that clashes with one
             of the Field arguments presented here (see :ref:`example<ResolverParamGraphQLArguments>`).

graphene/types/generic.py

@@ -1,5 +1,3 @@
-from __future__ import unicode_literals
-
 from graphql.language.ast import (
     BooleanValueNode,
     FloatValueNode,
@@ -29,7 +27,7 @@ class GenericScalar(Scalar):
     parse_value = identity
 
     @staticmethod
-    def parse_literal(ast):
+    def parse_literal(ast, _variables=None):
         if isinstance(ast, (StringValueNode, BooleanValueNode)):
             return ast.value
         elif isinstance(ast, IntValueNode):

graphene/types/inputfield.py

@@ -55,11 +55,14 @@ class InputField(MountedType):
         description=None,
         required=False,
         _creation_counter=None,
-        **extra_args
+        **extra_args,
     ):
         super(InputField, self).__init__(_creation_counter=_creation_counter)
         self.name = name
         if required:
+            assert (
+                deprecation_reason is None
+            ), f"InputField {name} is required, cannot deprecate it."
             type_ = NonNull(type_)
         self._type = type_
         self.deprecation_reason = deprecation_reason

graphene/types/inputobjecttype.py

@@ -1,11 +1,12 @@
+from typing import TYPE_CHECKING
+
 from .base import BaseOptions, BaseType
 from .inputfield import InputField
 from .unmountedtype import UnmountedType
 from .utils import yank_fields_from_attrs
 
-# For static type checking with Mypy
-MYPY = False
-if MYPY:
+# For static type checking with type checker
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
     from typing import Dict, Callable  # NOQA
 
 
@@ -14,14 +15,39 @@ class InputObjectTypeOptions(BaseOptions):
     container = None  # type: InputObjectTypeContainer
 
 
-class InputObjectTypeContainer(dict, BaseType):
+# Currently in Graphene, we get a `None` whenever we access an (optional) field that was not set in an InputObjectType
+# using the InputObjectType.<attribute> dot access syntax. This is ambiguous, because in this current (Graphene
+# historical) arrangement, we cannot distinguish between a field not being set and a field being set to None.
+# At the same time, we shouldn't break existing code that expects a `None` when accessing a field that was not set.
+_INPUT_OBJECT_TYPE_DEFAULT_VALUE = None
+
+# To mitigate this, we provide the function `set_input_object_type_default_value` to allow users to change the default
+# value returned in non-specified fields in InputObjectType to another meaningful sentinel value (e.g. Undefined)
+# if they want to. This way, we can keep code that expects a `None` working while we figure out a better solution (or
+# a well-documented breaking change) for this issue.
+
+
+def set_input_object_type_default_value(default_value):
+    """
+    Change the sentinel value returned by non-specified fields in an InputObjectType
+    Useful to differentiate between a field not being set and a field being set to None by using a sentinel value
+    (e.g. Undefined is a good sentinel value for this purpose)
+
+    This function should be called at the beginning of the app or in some other place where it is guaranteed to
+    be called before any InputObjectType is defined.
+    """
+    global _INPUT_OBJECT_TYPE_DEFAULT_VALUE
+    _INPUT_OBJECT_TYPE_DEFAULT_VALUE = default_value
+
+
+class InputObjectTypeContainer(dict, BaseType):  # type: ignore
     class Meta:
         abstract = True
 
     def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
         dict.__init__(self, *args, **kwargs)
         for key in self._meta.fields:
-            setattr(self, key, self.get(key, None))
+            setattr(self, key, self.get(key, _INPUT_OBJECT_TYPE_DEFAULT_VALUE))
 
     def __init_subclass__(cls, *args, **kwargs):
         pass

graphene/types/interface.py

@@ -1,15 +1,17 @@
+from typing import TYPE_CHECKING
+
 from .base import BaseOptions, BaseType
 from .field import Field
 from .utils import yank_fields_from_attrs
 
-# For static type checking with Mypy
-MYPY = False
-if MYPY:
-    from typing import Dict  # NOQA
+# For static type checking with type checker
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    from typing import Dict, Iterable, Type  # NOQA
 
 
 class InterfaceOptions(BaseOptions):
     fields = None  # type: Dict[str, Field]
+    interfaces = ()  # type: Iterable[Type[Interface]]
 
 
 class Interface(BaseType):
@@ -45,7 +47,7 @@ class Interface(BaseType):
     """
 
     @classmethod
-    def __init_subclass_with_meta__(cls, _meta=None, **options):
+    def __init_subclass_with_meta__(cls, _meta=None, interfaces=(), **options):
         if not _meta:
             _meta = InterfaceOptions(cls)
 
@@ -58,6 +60,9 @@ class Interface(BaseType):
         else:
             _meta.fields = fields
 
+        if not _meta.interfaces:
+            _meta.interfaces = interfaces
+
         super(Interface, cls).__init_subclass_with_meta__(_meta=_meta, **options)
 
     @classmethod

graphene/types/json.py

@@ -1,7 +1,6 @@
-from __future__ import absolute_import
-
 import json
 
+from graphql import Undefined
 from graphql.language.ast import StringValueNode
 
 from .scalars import Scalar
@@ -20,9 +19,13 @@ class JSONString(Scalar):
         return json.dumps(dt)
 
     @staticmethod
-    def parse_literal(node):
+    def parse_literal(node, _variables=None):
         if isinstance(node, StringValueNode):
-            return json.loads(node.value)
+            try:
+                return json.loads(node.value)
+            except Exception as error:
+                raise ValueError(f"Badly formed JSONString: {str(error)}")
+        return Undefined
 
     @staticmethod
     def parse_value(value):

graphene/types/mutation.py

@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
+from typing import TYPE_CHECKING
+
 from ..utils.deprecated import warn_deprecation
 from ..utils.get_unbound_function import get_unbound_function
 from ..utils.props import props
@@ -6,9 +8,8 @@ from .objecttype import ObjectType, ObjectTypeOptions
 from .utils import yank_fields_from_attrs
 from .interface import Interface
 
-# For static type checking with Mypy
-MYPY = False
-if MYPY:
+# For static type checking with type checker
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
     from .argument import Argument  # NOQA
     from typing import Dict, Type, Callable, Iterable  # NOQA
 
@@ -29,21 +30,21 @@ class Mutation(ObjectType):
 
     .. code:: python
 
-        from graphene import Mutation, ObjectType, String, Boolean, Field
+        import graphene
 
-        class CreatePerson(Mutation):
+        class CreatePerson(graphene.Mutation):
             class Arguments:
-                name = String()
+                name = graphene.String()
 
-            ok = Boolean()
-            person = Field(Person)
+            ok = graphene.Boolean()
+            person = graphene.Field(Person)
 
             def mutate(parent, info, name):
                 person = Person(name=name)
                 ok = True
                 return CreatePerson(person=person, ok=ok)
 
-        class Mutation(ObjectType):
+        class Mutation(graphene.ObjectType):
             create_person = CreatePerson.Field()
 
     Meta class options (optional):
@@ -76,7 +77,6 @@ class Mutation(ObjectType):
     ):
         if not _meta:
             _meta = MutationOptions(cls)
-
         output = output or getattr(cls, "Output", None)
         fields = {}
 
@@ -85,43 +85,32 @@ class Mutation(ObjectType):
                 interface, Interface
             ), f'All interfaces of {cls.__name__} must be a subclass of Interface. Received "{interface}".'
             fields.update(interface._meta.fields)
-
         if not output:
             # If output is defined, we don't need to get the fields
             fields = {}
             for base in reversed(cls.__mro__):
                 fields.update(yank_fields_from_attrs(base.__dict__, _as=Field))
             output = cls
-
         if not arguments:
             input_class = getattr(cls, "Arguments", None)
             if not input_class:
                 input_class = getattr(cls, "Input", None)
                 if input_class:
                     warn_deprecation(
-                        (
-                            f"Please use {cls.__name__}.Arguments instead of {cls.__name__}.Input."
-                            " Input is now only used in ClientMutationID.\n"
-                            "Read more:"
-                            " https://github.com/graphql-python/graphene/blob/v2.0.0/UPGRADE-v2.0.md#mutation-input"
-                        )
+                        f"Please use {cls.__name__}.Arguments instead of {cls.__name__}.Input."
+                        " Input is now only used in ClientMutationID.\n"
+                        "Read more:"
+                        " https://github.com/graphql-python/graphene/blob/v2.0.0/UPGRADE-v2.0.md#mutation-input"
                     )
-
-            if input_class:
-                arguments = props(input_class)
-            else:
-                arguments = {}
-
+            arguments = props(input_class) if input_class else {}
         if not resolver:
             mutate = getattr(cls, "mutate", None)
             assert mutate, "All mutations must define a mutate method in it"
             resolver = get_unbound_function(mutate)
-
         if _meta.fields:
             _meta.fields.update(fields)
         else:
             _meta.fields = fields
-
         _meta.interfaces = interfaces
         _meta.output = output
         _meta.resolver = resolver
@@ -133,7 +122,7 @@ class Mutation(ObjectType):
     def Field(
         cls, name=None, description=None, deprecation_reason=None, required=False
     ):
-        """ Mount instance of mutation Field. """
+        """Mount instance of mutation Field."""
         return Field(
             cls._meta.output,
             args=cls._meta.arguments,

graphene/types/objecttype.py

@@ -1,16 +1,14 @@
+from typing import TYPE_CHECKING
+
 from .base import BaseOptions, BaseType, BaseTypeMeta
 from .field import Field
 from .interface import Interface
 from .utils import yank_fields_from_attrs
 
-try:
-    from dataclasses import make_dataclass, field
-except ImportError:
-    from ..pyutils.dataclasses import make_dataclass, field  # type: ignore
+from dataclasses import make_dataclass, field
 
-# For static type checking with Mypy
-MYPY = False
-if MYPY:
+# For static type checking with type checker
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
     from typing import Dict, Iterable, Type  # NOQA
 
 
@@ -28,7 +26,7 @@ class ObjectTypeMeta(BaseTypeMeta):
             pass
 
         base_cls = super().__new__(
-            cls, name_, (InterObjectType,) + bases, namespace, **options,
+            cls, name_, (InterObjectType,) + bases, namespace, **options
         )
         if base_cls._meta:
             fields = [
@@ -66,7 +64,7 @@ class ObjectType(BaseType, metaclass=ObjectTypeMeta):
     Methods starting with ``resolve_<field_name>`` are bound as resolvers of the matching Field
     name. If no resolver is provided, the default resolver is used.
 
-    Ambiguous types with Interface and Union can be determined through``is_type_of`` method and
+    Ambiguous types with Interface and Union can be determined through ``is_type_of`` method and
     ``Meta.possible_types`` attribute.
 
     .. code:: python
@@ -133,7 +131,6 @@ class ObjectType(BaseType, metaclass=ObjectTypeMeta):
     ):
         if not _meta:
             _meta = ObjectTypeOptions(cls)
-
         fields = {}
 
         for interface in interfaces:
@@ -141,10 +138,8 @@ class ObjectType(BaseType, metaclass=ObjectTypeMeta):
                 interface, Interface
             ), f'All interfaces of {cls.__name__} must be a subclass of Interface. Received "{interface}".'
             fields.update(interface._meta.fields)
-
         for base in reversed(cls.__mro__):
             fields.update(yank_fields_from_attrs(base.__dict__, _as=Field))
-
         assert not (possible_types and cls.is_type_of), (
             f"{cls.__name__}.Meta.possible_types will cause type collision with {cls.__name__}.is_type_of. "
             "Please use one or other."
@@ -154,7 +149,6 @@ class ObjectType(BaseType, metaclass=ObjectTypeMeta):
             _meta.fields.update(fields)
         else:
             _meta.fields = fields
-
         if not _meta.interfaces:
             _meta.interfaces = interfaces
         _meta.possible_types = possible_types

graphene/types/resolver.py

@@ -7,9 +7,7 @@ def dict_resolver(attname, default_value, root, info, **args):
 
 
 def dict_or_attr_resolver(attname, default_value, root, info, **args):
-    resolver = attr_resolver
-    if isinstance(root, dict):
-        resolver = dict_resolver
+    resolver = dict_resolver if isinstance(root, dict) else attr_resolver
     return resolver(attname, default_value, root, info, **args)
 
 

graphene/types/scalars.py

@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 from typing import Any
 
+from graphql import Undefined
 from graphql.language.ast import (
     BooleanValueNode,
     FloatValueNode,
@@ -67,19 +68,21 @@ class Int(Scalar):
             try:
                 num = int(float(value))
             except ValueError:
-                return None
+                return Undefined
         if MIN_INT <= num <= MAX_INT:
             return num
+        return Undefined
 
     serialize = coerce_int
     parse_value = coerce_int
 
     @staticmethod
-    def parse_literal(ast):
+    def parse_literal(ast, _variables=None):
         if isinstance(ast, IntValueNode):
             num = int(ast.value)
             if MIN_INT <= num <= MAX_INT:
                 return num
+        return Undefined
 
 
 class BigInt(Scalar):
@@ -97,16 +100,17 @@ class BigInt(Scalar):
             try:
                 num = int(float(value))
             except ValueError:
-                return None
+                return Undefined
         return num
 
     serialize = coerce_int
     parse_value = coerce_int
 
     @staticmethod
-    def parse_literal(ast):
+    def parse_literal(ast, _variables=None):
         if isinstance(ast, IntValueNode):
             return int(ast.value)
+        return Undefined
 
 
 class Float(Scalar):
@@ -117,20 +121,20 @@ class Float(Scalar):
     """
 
     @staticmethod
-    def coerce_float(value):
-        # type: (Any) -> float
+    def coerce_float(value: Any) -> float:
         try:
             return float(value)
         except ValueError:
-            return None
+            return Undefined
 
     serialize = coerce_float
     parse_value = coerce_float
 
     @staticmethod
-    def parse_literal(ast):
+    def parse_literal(ast, _variables=None):
         if isinstance(ast, (FloatValueNode, IntValueNode)):
             return float(ast.value)
+        return Undefined
 
 
 class String(Scalar):
@@ -143,16 +147,17 @@ class String(Scalar):
     @staticmethod
     def coerce_string(value):
         if isinstance(value, bool):
-            return u"true" if value else u"false"
+            return "true" if value else "false"
         return str(value)
 
     serialize = coerce_string
     parse_value = coerce_string
 
     @staticmethod
-    def parse_literal(ast):
+    def parse_literal(ast, _variables=None):
         if isinstance(ast, StringValueNode):
             return ast.value
+        return Undefined
 
 
 class Boolean(Scalar):
@@ -164,9 +169,10 @@ class Boolean(Scalar):
     parse_value = bool
 
     @staticmethod
-    def parse_literal(ast):
+    def parse_literal(ast, _variables=None):
         if isinstance(ast, BooleanValueNode):
             return ast.value
+        return Undefined
 
 
 class ID(Scalar):
@@ -182,6 +188,7 @@ class ID(Scalar):
     parse_value = str
 
     @staticmethod
-    def parse_literal(ast):
+    def parse_literal(ast, _variables=None):
         if isinstance(ast, (StringValueNode, IntValueNode)):
             return ast.value
+        return Undefined

graphene/types/schema.py

@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+from enum import Enum as PyEnum
 import inspect
 from functools import partial
 
@@ -26,10 +27,7 @@ from graphql import (
     GraphQLObjectType,
     GraphQLSchema,
     GraphQLString,
-    Undefined,
 )
-from graphql.execution import ExecutionContext
-from graphql.execution.values import get_argument_values
 
 from ..utils.str_converters import to_camel_case
 from ..utils.get_unbound_function import get_unbound_function
@@ -172,10 +170,16 @@ class TypeMap(dict):
         values = {}
         for name, value in graphene_type._meta.enum.__members__.items():
             description = getattr(value, "description", None)
-            deprecation_reason = getattr(value, "deprecation_reason", None)
+            # if the "description" attribute is an Enum, it is likely an enum member
+            # called description, not a description property
+            if isinstance(description, PyEnum):
+                description = None
             if not description and callable(graphene_type._meta.description):
                 description = graphene_type._meta.description(value)
 
+            deprecation_reason = getattr(value, "deprecation_reason", None)
+            if isinstance(deprecation_reason, PyEnum):
+                deprecation_reason = None
             if not deprecation_reason and callable(
                 graphene_type._meta.deprecation_reason
             ):
@@ -236,11 +240,20 @@ class TypeMap(dict):
             else None
         )
 
+        def interfaces():
+            interfaces = []
+            for graphene_interface in graphene_type._meta.interfaces:
+                interface = self.add_type(graphene_interface)
+                assert interface.graphene_type == graphene_interface
+                interfaces.append(interface)
+            return interfaces
+
         return GrapheneInterfaceType(
             graphene_type=graphene_type,
             name=graphene_type._meta.name,
             description=graphene_type._meta.description,
             fields=partial(self.create_fields_for_type, graphene_type),
+            interfaces=interfaces,
             resolve_type=resolve_type,
         )
 
@@ -303,6 +316,7 @@ class TypeMap(dict):
                     default_value=field.default_value,
                     out_name=name,
                     description=field.description,
+                    deprecation_reason=field.deprecation_reason,
                 )
             else:
                 args = {}
@@ -313,9 +327,8 @@ class TypeMap(dict):
                         arg_type,
                         out_name=arg_name,
                         description=arg.description,
-                        default_value=Undefined
-                        if isinstance(arg.type, NonNull)
-                        else arg.default_value,
+                        default_value=arg.default_value,
+                        deprecation_reason=arg.deprecation_reason,
                     )
                 subscribe = field.wrap_subscribe(
                     self.get_function_for_type(
@@ -381,123 +394,18 @@ class TypeMap(dict):
     def resolve_type(self, resolve_type_func, type_name, root, info, _type):
         type_ = resolve_type_func(root, info)
 
-        if not type_:
-            return_type = self[type_name]
-            return default_type_resolver(root, info, return_type)
-
         if inspect.isclass(type_) and issubclass(type_, ObjectType):
-            graphql_type = self.get(type_._meta.name)
-            assert graphql_type, f"Can't find type {type_._meta.name} in schema"
-            assert (
-                graphql_type.graphene_type == type_
-            ), f"The type {type_} does not match with the associated graphene type {graphql_type.graphene_type}."
-            return graphql_type
+            return type_._meta.name
 
-        return type_
-
-
-class UnforgivingExecutionContext(ExecutionContext):
-    """An execution context which doesn't swallow exceptions.
-
-    The only difference between this execution context and the one it inherits from is
-    that ``except Exception`` is commented out within ``resolve_field_value_or_error``.
-    By removing that exception handling, only ``GraphQLError``'s are caught.
-    """
-
-    def resolve_field_value_or_error(
-        self, field_def, field_nodes, resolve_fn, source, info
-    ):
-        """Resolve field to a value or an error.
-
-        Isolates the "ReturnOrAbrupt" behavior to not de-opt the resolve_field()
-        method. Returns the result of resolveFn or the abrupt-return Error object.
-
-        For internal use only.
-        """
-        try:
-            # Build a dictionary of arguments from the field.arguments AST, using the
-            # variables scope to fulfill any variable references.
-            args = get_argument_values(field_def, field_nodes[0], self.variable_values)
-
-            # Note that contrary to the JavaScript implementation, we pass the context
-            # value as part of the resolve info.
-            result = resolve_fn(source, info, **args)
-            if self.is_awaitable(result):
-                # noinspection PyShadowingNames
-                async def await_result():
-                    try:
-                        return await result
-                    except GraphQLError as error:
-                        return error
-                    # except Exception as error:
-                    #     return GraphQLError(str(error), original_error=error)
-
-                    # Yes, this is commented out code. It's been intentionally
-                    # _not_ removed to show what has changed from the original
-                    # implementation.
-
-                return await_result()
-            return result
-        except GraphQLError as error:
-            return error
-        # except Exception as error:
-        #     return GraphQLError(str(error), original_error=error)
-
-        # Yes, this is commented out code. It's been intentionally _not_
-        # removed to show what has changed from the original implementation.
-
-    def complete_value_catching_error(
-        self, return_type, field_nodes, info, path, result
-    ):
-        """Complete a value while catching an error.
-
-        This is a small wrapper around completeValue which detects and logs errors in
-        the execution context.
-        """
-        try:
-            if self.is_awaitable(result):
-
-                async def await_result():
-                    value = self.complete_value(
-                        return_type, field_nodes, info, path, await result
-                    )
-                    if self.is_awaitable(value):
-                        return await value
-                    return value
-
-                completed = await_result()
-            else:
-                completed = self.complete_value(
-                    return_type, field_nodes, info, path, result
-                )
-            if self.is_awaitable(completed):
-                # noinspection PyShadowingNames
-                async def await_completed():
-                    try:
-                        return await completed
-
-                    # CHANGE WAS MADE HERE
-                    # ``GraphQLError`` was swapped in for ``except Exception``
-                    except GraphQLError as error:
-                        self.handle_field_error(error, field_nodes, path, return_type)
-
-                return await_completed()
-            return completed
-
-        # CHANGE WAS MADE HERE
-        # ``GraphQLError`` was swapped in for ``except Exception``
-        except GraphQLError as error:
-            self.handle_field_error(error, field_nodes, path, return_type)
-            return None
+        return_type = self[type_name]
+        return default_type_resolver(root, info, return_type)
 
 
 class Schema:
     """Schema Definition.
-
     A Graphene Schema can execute operations (query, mutation, subscription) against the defined
     types. For advanced purposes, the schema can be used to lookup type definitions and answer
     questions about the types through introspection.
-
     Args:
         query (Type[ObjectType]): Root query *ObjectType*. Describes entry point for fields to *read*
             data in your Schema.
@@ -544,7 +452,6 @@ class Schema:
         """
         This function let the developer select a type in a given schema
         by accessing its attrs.
-
         Example: using schema.Query for accessing the "Query" type in the Schema
         """
         _type = self.graphql_schema.get_type(type_name)
@@ -559,11 +466,9 @@ class Schema:
 
     def execute(self, *args, **kwargs):
         """Execute a GraphQL query on the schema.
-
         Use the `graphql_sync` function from `graphql-core` to provide the result
         for a query string. Most of the time this method will be called by one of the Graphene
         :ref:`Integrations` via a web request.
-
         Args:
             request_string (str or Document): GraphQL request (query, mutation or subscription)
                 as string or parsed AST form from `graphql-core`.
@@ -580,7 +485,6 @@ class Schema:
                 defined in `graphql-core`.
             execution_context_class (ExecutionContext, optional): The execution context class
                 to use when resolving queries and mutations.
-
         Returns:
             :obj:`ExecutionResult` containing any data and errors for the operation.
         """
@@ -589,7 +493,6 @@ class Schema:
 
     async def execute_async(self, *args, **kwargs):
         """Execute a GraphQL query on the schema asynchronously.
-
         Same as `execute`, but uses `graphql` instead of `graphql_sync`.
         """
         kwargs = normalize_execute_kwargs(kwargs)

graphene/types/tests/conftest.py

@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+import pytest
+from graphql import Undefined
+
+from graphene.types.inputobjecttype import set_input_object_type_default_value
+
+
+@pytest.fixture()
+def set_default_input_object_type_to_undefined():
+    """This fixture is used to change the default value of optional inputs in InputObjectTypes for specific tests"""
+    set_input_object_type_default_value(Undefined)
+    yield
+    set_input_object_type_default_value(None)

graphene/types/tests/test_argument.py

@@ -18,8 +18,20 @@ def test_argument():
 
 
 def test_argument_comparasion():
-    arg1 = Argument(String, name="Hey", description="Desc", default_value="default")
-    arg2 = Argument(String, name="Hey", description="Desc", default_value="default")
+    arg1 = Argument(
+        String,
+        name="Hey",
+        description="Desc",
+        default_value="default",
+        deprecation_reason="deprecated",
+    )
+    arg2 = Argument(
+        String,
+        name="Hey",
+        description="Desc",
+        default_value="default",
+        deprecation_reason="deprecated",
+    )
 
     assert arg1 == arg2
     assert arg1 != String()
@@ -40,6 +52,30 @@ def test_to_arguments():
     }
 
 
+def test_to_arguments_deprecated():
+    args = {"unmounted_arg": String(required=False, deprecation_reason="deprecated")}
+
+    my_args = to_arguments(args)
+    assert my_args == {
+        "unmounted_arg": Argument(
+            String, required=False, deprecation_reason="deprecated"
+        ),
+    }
+
+
+def test_to_arguments_required_deprecated():
+    args = {
+        "unmounted_arg": String(
+            required=True, name="arg", deprecation_reason="deprecated"
+        )
+    }
+
+    with raises(AssertionError) as exc_info:
+        to_arguments(args)
+
+    assert str(exc_info.value) == "Argument arg is required, cannot deprecate it."
+
+
 def test_to_arguments_raises_if_field():
     args = {"arg_string": Field(String)}
 

graphene/types/tests/test_base64.py

@@ -64,15 +64,11 @@ def test_base64_query_none():
 
 
 def test_base64_query_invalid():
-    bad_inputs = [
-        dict(),
-        123,
-        "This is not valid base64",
-    ]
+    bad_inputs = [dict(), 123, "This is not valid base64"]
 
     for input_ in bad_inputs:
         result = schema.execute(
-            """{ base64(input: $input) }""", variables={"input": input_},
+            """{ base64(input: $input) }""", variables={"input": input_}
         )
         assert isinstance(result.errors, list)
         assert len(result.errors) == 1

graphene/types/tests/test_datetime.py

@@ -1,6 +1,5 @@
 import datetime
 
-import pytz
 from graphql import GraphQLError
 
 from pytest import fixture
@@ -30,7 +29,7 @@ schema = Schema(query=Query)
 
 @fixture
 def sample_datetime():
-    utc_datetime = datetime.datetime(2019, 5, 25, 5, 30, 15, 10, pytz.utc)
+    utc_datetime = datetime.datetime(2019, 5, 25, 5, 30, 15, 10, datetime.timezone.utc)
     return utc_datetime
 
 
@@ -228,6 +227,18 @@ def test_time_query_variable(sample_time):
     assert result.data == {"time": isoformat}
 
 
+def test_support_isoformat():
+    isoformat = "2011-11-04T00:05:23Z"
+
+    # test time variable provided as Python time
+    result = schema.execute(
+        """query DateTime($time: DateTime){ datetime(in: $time) }""",
+        variables={"time": isoformat},
+    )
+    assert not result.errors
+    assert result.data == {"datetime": "2011-11-04T00:05:23+00:00"}
+
+
 def test_bad_variables(sample_date, sample_datetime, sample_time):
     def _test_bad_variables(type_, input_):
         result = schema.execute(

graphene/types/tests/test_decimal.py

@@ -39,5 +39,30 @@ def test_bad_decimal_query():
     not_a_decimal = "Nobody expects the Spanish Inquisition!"
 
     result = schema.execute("""{ decimal(input: "%s") }""" % not_a_decimal)
+    assert result.errors
     assert len(result.errors) == 1
     assert result.data is None
+    assert (
+        result.errors[0].message
+        == "Expected value of type 'Decimal', found \"Nobody expects the Spanish Inquisition!\"."
+    )
+
+    result = schema.execute("{ decimal(input: true) }")
+    assert result.errors
+    assert len(result.errors) == 1
+    assert result.data is None
+    assert result.errors[0].message == "Expected value of type 'Decimal', found true."
+
+    result = schema.execute("{ decimal(input: 1.2) }")
+    assert result.errors
+    assert len(result.errors) == 1
+    assert result.data is None
+    assert result.errors[0].message == "Expected value of type 'Decimal', found 1.2."
+
+
+def test_decimal_string_query_integer():
+    decimal_value = 1
+    result = schema.execute("""{ decimal(input: %s) }""" % decimal_value)
+    assert not result.errors
+    assert result.data == {"decimal": str(decimal_value)}
+    assert decimal.Decimal(result.data["decimal"]) == decimal_value

graphene/types/tests/test_definition.py

@@ -1,4 +1,7 @@
+import copy
+
 from ..argument import Argument
+from ..definitions import GrapheneGraphQLType
 from ..enum import Enum
 from ..field import Field
 from ..inputfield import InputField
@@ -312,3 +315,16 @@ def test_does_not_mutate_passed_field_definitions():
         pass
 
     assert TestInputObject1._meta.fields == TestInputObject2._meta.fields
+
+
+def test_graphene_graphql_type_can_be_copied():
+    class Query(ObjectType):
+        field = String()
+
+        def resolve_field(self, info):
+            return ""
+
+    schema = Schema(query=Query)
+    query_type_copy = copy.copy(schema.graphql_schema.query_type)
+    assert query_type_copy.__dict__ == schema.graphql_schema.query_type.__dict__
+    assert isinstance(schema.graphql_schema.query_type, GrapheneGraphQLType)

graphene/types/tests/test_enum.py

@@ -26,8 +26,8 @@ def test_enum_construction():
     assert RGB._meta.description == "Description"
 
     values = RGB._meta.enum.__members__.values()
-    assert sorted([v.name for v in values]) == ["BLUE", "GREEN", "RED"]
-    assert sorted([v.description for v in values]) == [
+    assert sorted(v.name for v in values) == ["BLUE", "GREEN", "RED"]
+    assert sorted(v.description for v in values) == [
         "Description BLUE",
         "Description GREEN",
         "Description RED",
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ def test_enum_instance_construction():
     RGB = Enum("RGB", "RED,GREEN,BLUE")
 
     values = RGB._meta.enum.__members__.values()
-    assert sorted([v.name for v in values]) == ["BLUE", "GREEN", "RED"]
+    assert sorted(v.name for v in values) == ["BLUE", "GREEN", "RED"]
 
 
 def test_enum_from_builtin_enum():
@@ -65,6 +65,21 @@ def test_enum_from_builtin_enum():
     assert RGB.BLUE
 
 
+def test_enum_custom_description_in_constructor():
+    description = "An enumeration, but with a custom description"
+    RGB = Enum(
+        "RGB",
+        "RED,GREEN,BLUE",
+        description=description,
+    )
+    assert RGB._meta.description == description
+
+
+def test_enum_from_python3_enum_uses_default_builtin_doc():
+    RGB = Enum("RGB", "RED,GREEN,BLUE")
+    assert RGB._meta.description == "An enumeration."
+
+
 def test_enum_from_builtin_enum_accepts_lambda_description():
     def custom_description(value):
         if not value:
@@ -251,19 +266,22 @@ def test_enum_types():
 
     schema = Schema(query=Query)
 
-    assert str(schema) == dedent(
-        '''\
-        type Query {
-          color: Color!
-        }
+    assert (
+        str(schema).strip()
+        == dedent(
+            '''
+            type Query {
+              color: Color!
+            }
 
-        """Primary colors"""
-        enum Color {
-          RED
-          YELLOW
-          BLUE
-        }
-    '''
+            """Primary colors"""
+            enum Color {
+              RED
+              YELLOW
+              BLUE
+            }
+            '''
+        ).strip()
     )
 
 
@@ -325,6 +343,52 @@ def test_enum_resolver_compat():
     assert results.data["colorByName"] == Color.RED.name
 
 
+def test_enum_with_name():
+    from enum import Enum as PyEnum
+
+    class Color(PyEnum):
+        RED = 1
+        YELLOW = 2
+        BLUE = 3
+
+    GColor = Enum.from_enum(Color, description="original colors")
+    UniqueGColor = Enum.from_enum(
+        Color, name="UniqueColor", description="unique colors"
+    )
+
+    class Query(ObjectType):
+        color = GColor(required=True)
+        unique_color = UniqueGColor(required=True)
+
+    schema = Schema(query=Query)
+
+    assert (
+        str(schema).strip()
+        == dedent(
+            '''
+            type Query {
+              color: Color!
+              uniqueColor: UniqueColor!
+            }
+
+            """original colors"""
+            enum Color {
+              RED
+              YELLOW
+              BLUE
+            }
+
+            """unique colors"""
+            enum UniqueColor {
+              RED
+              YELLOW
+              BLUE
+            }
+            '''
+        ).strip()
+    )
+
+
 def test_enum_resolver_invalid():
     from enum import Enum as PyEnum
 
@@ -345,10 +409,7 @@ def test_enum_resolver_invalid():
 
     results = schema.execute("query { color }")
     assert results.errors
-    assert (
-        results.errors[0].message
-        == "Expected a value of type 'Color' but received: 'BLACK'"
-    )
+    assert results.errors[0].message == "Enum 'Color' cannot represent value: 'BLACK'"
 
 
 def test_field_enum_argument():
@@ -460,14 +521,95 @@ def test_mutation_enum_input_type():
 
     schema = Schema(query=Query, mutation=MyMutation)
     result = schema.execute(
-        """ mutation MyMutation {
-        createPaint(colorInput: { color: RED }) {
-            color
+        """
+        mutation MyMutation {
+            createPaint(colorInput: { color: RED }) {
+                color
+            }
         }
-    }
-    """,
+        """
     )
     assert not result.errors
     assert result.data == {"createPaint": {"color": "RED"}}
 
     assert color_input_value == RGB.RED
+
+
+def test_hashable_enum():
+    class RGB(Enum):
+        """Available colors"""
+
+        RED = 1
+        GREEN = 2
+        BLUE = 3
+
+    color_map = {RGB.RED: "a", RGB.BLUE: "b", 1: "c"}
+
+    assert color_map[RGB.RED] == "a"
+    assert color_map[RGB.BLUE] == "b"
+    assert color_map[1] == "c"
+
+
+def test_hashable_instance_creation_enum():
+    Episode = Enum("Episode", [("NEWHOPE", 4), ("EMPIRE", 5), ("JEDI", 6)])
+
+    trilogy_map = {Episode.NEWHOPE: "better", Episode.EMPIRE: "best", 5: "foo"}
+
+    assert trilogy_map[Episode.NEWHOPE] == "better"
+    assert trilogy_map[Episode.EMPIRE] == "best"
+    assert trilogy_map[5] == "foo"
+
+
+def test_enum_iteration():
+    class TestEnum(Enum):
+        FIRST = 1
+        SECOND = 2
+
+    result = []
+    expected_values = ["FIRST", "SECOND"]
+    for c in TestEnum:
+        result.append(c.name)
+    assert result == expected_values
+
+
+def test_iterable_instance_creation_enum():
+    TestEnum = Enum("TestEnum", [("FIRST", 1), ("SECOND", 2)])
+
+    result = []
+    expected_values = ["FIRST", "SECOND"]
+    for c in TestEnum:
+        result.append(c.name)
+    assert result == expected_values
+
+
+# https://github.com/graphql-python/graphene/issues/1321
+def test_enum_description_member_not_interpreted_as_property():
+    class RGB(Enum):
+        """Description"""
+
+        red = "red"
+        green = "green"
+        blue = "blue"
+        description = "description"
+        deprecation_reason = "deprecation_reason"
+
+    class Query(ObjectType):
+        color = RGB()
+
+        def resolve_color(_, info):
+            return RGB.description
+
+    values = RGB._meta.enum.__members__.values()
+    assert sorted(v.name for v in values) == [
+        "blue",
+        "deprecation_reason",
+        "description",
+        "green",
+        "red",
+    ]
+
+    schema = Schema(query=Query)
+
+    results = schema.execute("query { color }")
+    assert not results.errors
+    assert results.data["color"] == RGB.description.name

graphene/types/tests/test_field.py

@@ -128,13 +128,20 @@ def test_field_name_as_argument():
 
 def test_field_source_argument_as_kw():
     MyType = object()
-    field = Field(MyType, b=NonNull(True), c=Argument(None), a=NonNull(False))
+    deprecation_reason = "deprecated"
+    field = Field(
+        MyType,
+        b=NonNull(True),
+        c=Argument(None, deprecation_reason=deprecation_reason),
+        a=NonNull(False),
+    )
     assert list(field.args) == ["b", "c", "a"]
     assert isinstance(field.args["b"], Argument)
     assert isinstance(field.args["b"].type, NonNull)
     assert field.args["b"].type.of_type is True
     assert isinstance(field.args["c"], Argument)
     assert field.args["c"].type is None
+    assert field.args["c"].deprecation_reason == deprecation_reason
     assert isinstance(field.args["a"], Argument)
     assert isinstance(field.args["a"].type, NonNull)
     assert field.args["a"].type.of_type is False

graphene/types/tests/test_inputfield.py

@@ -1,5 +1,7 @@
 from functools import partial
 
+from pytest import raises
+
 from ..inputfield import InputField
 from ..structures import NonNull
 from .utils import MyLazyType
@@ -12,6 +14,22 @@ def test_inputfield_required():
     assert field.type.of_type == MyType
 
 
+def test_inputfield_deprecated():
+    MyType = object()
+    deprecation_reason = "deprecated"
+    field = InputField(MyType, required=False, deprecation_reason=deprecation_reason)
+    assert isinstance(field.type, type(MyType))
+    assert field.deprecation_reason == deprecation_reason
+
+
+def test_inputfield_required_deprecated():
+    MyType = object()
+    with raises(AssertionError) as exc_info:
+        InputField(MyType, name="input", required=True, deprecation_reason="deprecated")
+
+    assert str(exc_info.value) == "InputField input is required, cannot deprecate it."
+
+
 def test_inputfield_with_lazy_type():
     MyType = object()
     field = InputField(lambda: MyType)

graphene/types/tests/test_inputobjecttype.py

@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
+from graphql import Undefined
+
 from ..argument import Argument
 from ..field import Field
 from ..inputfield import InputField
@@ -6,6 +8,7 @@ from ..objecttype import ObjectType
 from ..scalars import Boolean, String
 from ..schema import Schema
 from ..unmountedtype import UnmountedType
+from ... import NonNull
 
 
 class MyType:
@@ -136,3 +139,31 @@ def test_inputobjecttype_of_input():
 
     assert not result.errors
     assert result.data == {"isChild": True}
+
+
+def test_inputobjecttype_default_input_as_undefined(
+    set_default_input_object_type_to_undefined,
+):
+    class TestUndefinedInput(InputObjectType):
+        required_field = String(required=True)
+        optional_field = String()
+
+    class Query(ObjectType):
+        undefined_optionals_work = Field(NonNull(Boolean), input=TestUndefinedInput())
+
+        def resolve_undefined_optionals_work(self, info, input: TestUndefinedInput):
+            # Confirm that optional_field comes as Undefined
+            return (
+                input.required_field == "required" and input.optional_field is Undefined
+            )
+
+    schema = Schema(query=Query)
+    result = schema.execute(
+        """query basequery {
+        undefinedOptionalsWork(input: {requiredField: "required"})
+    }
+    """
+    )
+
+    assert not result.errors
+    assert result.data == {"undefinedOptionalsWork": True}

graphene/types/tests/test_interface.py

@@ -25,13 +25,18 @@ def test_generate_interface():
 
 
 def test_generate_interface_with_meta():
+    class MyFirstInterface(Interface):
+        pass
+
     class MyInterface(Interface):
         class Meta:
             name = "MyOtherInterface"
             description = "Documentation"
+            interfaces = [MyFirstInterface]
 
     assert MyInterface._meta.name == "MyOtherInterface"
     assert MyInterface._meta.description == "Documentation"
+    assert MyInterface._meta.interfaces == [MyFirstInterface]
 
 
 def test_generate_interface_with_fields():

graphene/types/tests/test_json.py

@@ -21,6 +21,10 @@ def test_jsonstring_query():
     assert not result.errors
     assert result.data == {"json": json_value}
 
+    result = schema.execute("""{ json(input: "{}") }""")
+    assert not result.errors
+    assert result.data == {"json": "{}"}
+
 
 def test_jsonstring_query_variable():
     json_value = '{"key": "value"}'
@@ -31,3 +35,46 @@ def test_jsonstring_query_variable():
     )
     assert not result.errors
     assert result.data == {"json": json_value}
+
+
+def test_jsonstring_optional_uuid_input():
+    """
+    Test that we can provide a null value to an optional input
+    """
+    result = schema.execute("{ json(input: null) }")
+    assert not result.errors
+    assert result.data == {"json": None}
+
+
+def test_jsonstring_invalid_query():
+    """
+    Test that if an invalid type is provided we get an error
+    """
+    result = schema.execute("{ json(input: 1) }")
+    assert result.errors == [
+        {"message": "Expected value of type 'JSONString', found 1."},
+    ]
+
+    result = schema.execute("{ json(input: {}) }")
+    assert result.errors == [
+        {"message": "Expected value of type 'JSONString', found {}."},
+    ]
+
+    result = schema.execute('{ json(input: "a") }')
+    assert result.errors == [
+        {
+            "message": "Expected value of type 'JSONString', found \"a\"; "
+            "Badly formed JSONString: Expecting value: line 1 column 1 (char 0)",
+        },
+    ]
+
+    result = schema.execute("""{ json(input: "{\\'key\\': 0}") }""")
+    assert result.errors == [
+        {"message": "Syntax Error: Invalid character escape sequence: '\\''."},
+    ]
+
+    result = schema.execute("""{ json(input: "{\\"key\\": 0,}") }""")
+    assert len(result.errors) == 1
+    assert result.errors[0].message.startswith(
+        'Expected value of type \'JSONString\', found "{\\"key\\": 0,}"; Badly formed JSONString:'
+    )

graphene/types/tests/test_objecttype.py

@@ -191,21 +191,15 @@ def test_objecttype_as_container_all_kwargs():
 
 
 def test_objecttype_as_container_extra_args():
-    with raises(TypeError) as excinfo:
-        Container("1", "2", "3")
-
-    assert "__init__() takes from 1 to 3 positional arguments but 4 were given" == str(
-        excinfo.value
-    )
+    msg = r"__init__\(\) takes from 1 to 3 positional arguments but 4 were given"
+    with raises(TypeError, match=msg):
+        Container("1", "2", "3")  # type: ignore
 
 
 def test_objecttype_as_container_invalid_kwargs():
-    with raises(TypeError) as excinfo:
-        Container(unexisting_field="3")
-
-    assert "__init__() got an unexpected keyword argument 'unexisting_field'" == str(
-        excinfo.value
-    )
+    msg = r"__init__\(\) got an unexpected keyword argument 'unexisting_field'"
+    with raises(TypeError, match=msg):
+        Container(unexisting_field="3")  # type: ignore
 
 
 def test_objecttype_container_benchmark(benchmark):

graphene/types/tests/test_query.py

@@ -229,11 +229,11 @@ def test_query_arguments():
 
     result = test_schema.execute("{ test }", None)
     assert not result.errors
-    assert result.data == {"test": '[null,{"a_str":null,"a_int":null}]'}
+    assert result.data == {"test": "[null,{}]"}
 
     result = test_schema.execute('{ test(aStr: "String!") }', "Source!")
     assert not result.errors
-    assert result.data == {"test": '["Source!",{"a_str":"String!","a_int":null}]'}
+    assert result.data == {"test": '["Source!",{"a_str":"String!"}]'}
 
     result = test_schema.execute('{ test(aInt: -123, aStr: "String!") }', "Source!")
     assert not result.errors
@@ -258,7 +258,7 @@ def test_query_input_field():
 
     result = test_schema.execute("{ test }", None)
     assert not result.errors
-    assert result.data == {"test": '[null,{"a_input":null}]'}
+    assert result.data == {"test": "[null,{}]"}
 
     result = test_schema.execute('{ test(aInput: {aField: "String!"} ) }', "Source!")
     assert not result.errors