mirror of
https://github.com/mdbootstrap/mdb-ui-kit.git
synced 2024-11-24 02:24:09 +03:00
337 lines
11 KiB
Markdown
337 lines
11 KiB
Markdown
---
|
|
layout: docs
|
|
title: Utility classes
|
|
group: components
|
|
---
|
|
|
|
Bootstrap includes dozens of utilities—classes with a single purpose. They're designed to reduce the frequency of highly repetitive declarations in your CSS while allowing for quick and easy development.
|
|
|
|
## Contents
|
|
|
|
* Will be replaced with the ToC, excluding the "Contents" header
|
|
{:toc}
|
|
|
|
## Spacing
|
|
|
|
Assign `margin` or `padding` to an element or a subset of its sides with shorthand classes. Includes support for individual properties, all properties, and vertical and horizontal properties. All classes are multiples on the global default value, `1rem`.
|
|
|
|
### Margin
|
|
|
|
{% highlight scss %}
|
|
.m-a-0 { margin: 0 !important; }
|
|
.m-t-0 { margin-top: 0 !important; }
|
|
.m-r-0 { margin-right: 0 !important; }
|
|
.m-b-0 { margin-bottom: 0 !important; }
|
|
.m-l-0 { margin-left: 0 !important; }
|
|
.m-x-0 { margin-right: 0 !important; margin-left: 0 !important; }
|
|
.m-y-0 { margin-top: 0 !important; margin-bottom: 0 !important; }
|
|
|
|
.m-a { margin: $spacer !important; }
|
|
.m-t { margin-top: $spacer-y !important; }
|
|
.m-r { margin-right: $spacer-x !important; }
|
|
.m-b { margin-bottom: $spacer-y !important; }
|
|
.m-l { margin-left: $spacer-x !important; }
|
|
.m-x { margin-right: $spacer-x !important; margin-left: $spacer-x !important; }
|
|
.m-y { margin-top: $spacer-y !important; margin-bottom: $spacer-y !important; }
|
|
.m-x-auto { margin-right: auto !important; margin-left: auto !important; }
|
|
|
|
.m-a-md { margin: ($spacer * 1.5) !important; }
|
|
.m-t-md { margin-top: ($spacer-y * 1.5) !important; }
|
|
.m-r-md { margin-right: ($spacer-y * 1.5) !important; }
|
|
.m-b-md { margin-bottom: ($spacer-y * 1.5) !important; }
|
|
.m-l-md { margin-left: ($spacer-y * 1.5) !important; }
|
|
.m-x-md { margin-right: ($spacer-x * 1.5) !important; margin-left: ($spacer-x * 1.5) !important; }
|
|
.m-y-md { margin-top: ($spacer-y * 1.5) !important; margin-bottom: ($spacer-y * 1.5) !important; }
|
|
|
|
.m-a-lg { margin: ($spacer * 3) !important; }
|
|
.m-t-lg { margin-top: ($spacer-y * 3) !important; }
|
|
.m-r-lg { margin-right: ($spacer-y * 3) !important; }
|
|
.m-b-lg { margin-bottom: ($spacer-y * 3) !important; }
|
|
.m-l-lg { margin-left: ($spacer-y * 3) !important; }
|
|
.m-x-lg { margin-right: ($spacer-x * 3) !important; margin-left: ($spacer-x * 3) !important; }
|
|
.m-y-lg { margin-top: ($spacer-y * 3) !important; margin-bottom: ($spacer-y * 3) !important; }
|
|
{% endhighlight %}
|
|
|
|
### Padding
|
|
|
|
{% highlight scss %}
|
|
.p-a-0 { padding: 0 !important; }
|
|
.p-t-0 { padding-top: 0 !important; }
|
|
.p-r-0 { padding-right: 0 !important; }
|
|
.p-b-0 { padding-bottom: 0 !important; }
|
|
.p-l-0 { padding-left: 0 !important; }
|
|
.p-x-0 { padding-left: 0 !important; padding-right: 0 !important; }
|
|
.p-y-0 { padding-top: 0 !important; padding-bottom: 0 !important; }
|
|
|
|
.p-a { padding: $spacer !important; }
|
|
.p-t { padding-top: $spacer-y !important; }
|
|
.p-r { padding-right: $spacer-x !important; }
|
|
.p-b { padding-bottom: $spacer-y !important; }
|
|
.p-l { padding-left: $spacer-x !important; }
|
|
.p-x { padding-right: $spacer-x !important; padding-left: $spacer-x !important; }
|
|
.p-y { padding-top: $spacer-y !important; padding-bottom: $spacer-y !important; }
|
|
|
|
.p-a-md { padding: ($spacer * 1.5) !important; }
|
|
.p-t-md { padding-top: ($spacer-y * 1.5) !important; }
|
|
.p-r-md { padding-right: ($spacer-y * 1.5) !important; }
|
|
.p-b-md { padding-bottom: ($spacer-y * 1.5) !important; }
|
|
.p-l-md { padding-left: ($spacer-y * 1.5) !important; }
|
|
.p-x-md { padding-right: ($spacer-x * 1.5) !important; padding-left: ($spacer-x * 1.5) !important; }
|
|
.p-y-md { padding-top: ($spacer-y * 1.5) !important; padding-bottom: ($spacer-y * 1.5) !important; }
|
|
|
|
.p-a-lg { padding: ($spacer * 3) !important; }
|
|
.p-t-lg { padding-top: ($spacer-y * 3) !important; }
|
|
.p-r-lg { padding-right: ($spacer-y * 3) !important; }
|
|
.p-b-lg { padding-bottom: ($spacer-y * 3) !important; }
|
|
.p-l-lg { padding-left: ($spacer-y * 3) !important; }
|
|
.p-x-lg { padding-right: ($spacer-x * 3) !important; padding-left: ($spacer-x * 3) !important; }
|
|
.p-y-lg { padding-top: ($spacer-y * 3) !important; padding-bottom: ($spacer-y * 3) !important; }
|
|
{% endhighlight %}
|
|
|
|
|
|
## Text alignment
|
|
|
|
Easily realign text to components with text alignment classes.
|
|
|
|
{% example html %}
|
|
<p class="text-left">Left aligned text.</p>
|
|
<p class="text-center">Center aligned text.</p>
|
|
<p class="text-right">Right aligned text.</p>
|
|
<p class="text-justify">Justified text.</p>
|
|
<p class="text-nowrap">No wrap text.</p>
|
|
{% endexample %}
|
|
|
|
## Text transform
|
|
|
|
Transform text in components with text capitalization classes.
|
|
|
|
{% example html %}
|
|
<p class="text-lowercase">Lowercased text.</p>
|
|
<p class="text-uppercase">Uppercased text.</p>
|
|
<p class="text-capitalize">CapiTaliZed text.</p>
|
|
{% endexample %}
|
|
|
|
## Contextual colors and backgrounds
|
|
|
|
Convey meaning through color with a handful of emphasis utility classes. These may also be applied to links and will darken on hover just like our default link styles.
|
|
|
|
{% example html %}
|
|
<p class="text-muted">Fusce dapibus, tellus ac cursus commodo, tortor mauris nibh.</p>
|
|
<p class="text-primary">Nullam id dolor id nibh ultricies vehicula ut id elit.</p>
|
|
<p class="text-success">Duis mollis, est non commodo luctus, nisi erat porttitor ligula.</p>
|
|
<p class="text-info">Maecenas sed diam eget risus varius blandit sit amet non magna.</p>
|
|
<p class="text-warning">Etiam porta sem malesuada magna mollis euismod.</p>
|
|
<p class="text-danger">Donec ullamcorper nulla non metus auctor fringilla.</p>
|
|
{% endexample %}
|
|
|
|
Contextual text classes also work well on anchors with the provided hover and focus states.
|
|
|
|
{% example html %}
|
|
<a href="#" class="text-muted">Muted link</a>
|
|
<a href="#" class="text-primary">Primary link</a>
|
|
<a href="#" class="text-success">Success link</a>
|
|
<a href="#" class="text-info">Info link</a>
|
|
<a href="#" class="text-warning">Warning link</a>
|
|
<a href="#" class="text-danger">Danger link</a>
|
|
{% endexample %}
|
|
|
|
Similar to the contextual text color classes, easily set the background of an element to any contextual class. Anchor components will darken on hover, just like the text classes.
|
|
|
|
{% example html %}
|
|
<div class="bg-primary">Nullam id dolor id nibh ultricies vehicula ut id elit.</div>
|
|
<div class="bg-success">Duis mollis, est non commodo luctus, nisi erat porttitor ligula.</div>
|
|
<div class="bg-info">Maecenas sed diam eget risus varius blandit sit amet non magna.</div>
|
|
<div class="bg-warning">Etiam porta sem malesuada magna mollis euismod.</div>
|
|
<div class="bg-danger">Donec ullamcorper nulla non metus auctor fringilla.</div>
|
|
<div class="bg-inverse">Cras mattis consectetur purus sit amet fermentum.</div>
|
|
{% endexample %}
|
|
|
|
{% callout info %}
|
|
#### Dealing with specificity
|
|
|
|
Sometimes contextual classes cannot be applied due to the specificity of another selector. In some cases, a sufficient workaround is to wrap your element's content in a `<div>` with the class.
|
|
{% endcallout %}
|
|
|
|
{% callout warning %}
|
|
#### Conveying meaning to assistive technologies
|
|
|
|
Ensure that any meaning conveyed through color is also conveyed in a format that is not purely presentational.
|
|
{% endcallout %}
|
|
|
|
## Close icon
|
|
|
|
Use a generic close icon for dismissing content like modals and alerts. **Be sure to include text for screen readers**, as we've done with `aria-label`.
|
|
|
|
{% example html %}
|
|
<button type="button" class="close" aria-label="Close">
|
|
<span aria-hidden="true">×</span>
|
|
</button>
|
|
{% endexample %}
|
|
|
|
## Floats
|
|
|
|
Float an element to the left or right with a class. `!important` is included to avoid specificity issues. Classes can also be used as mixins.
|
|
|
|
{% example html %}
|
|
<div class="pull-left">Float left</div>
|
|
<div class="pull-right">Float right</div>
|
|
{% endexample %}
|
|
|
|
{% highlight scss %}
|
|
// Classes
|
|
.pull-left {
|
|
float: left !important;
|
|
}
|
|
.pull-right {
|
|
float: right !important;
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
// Usage as mixins
|
|
.element {
|
|
@include pull-left;
|
|
}
|
|
.another-element {
|
|
@include pull-right;
|
|
}
|
|
{% endhighlight %}
|
|
|
|
## Center content
|
|
|
|
Set an element to `display: block;` and center via `margin`. Available as a mixin and class.
|
|
|
|
{% example html %}
|
|
<div class="center-block">Centered block</div>
|
|
{% endexample %}
|
|
|
|
{% highlight scss %}
|
|
// Class
|
|
.center-block {
|
|
display: block;
|
|
margin-left: auto;
|
|
margin-right: auto;
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
// Usage as a mixin
|
|
.element {
|
|
@include center-block;
|
|
}
|
|
{% endhighlight %}
|
|
|
|
Easily clear `float`s by adding `.clearfix` **to the parent element**. Utilizes [the micro clearfix](http://nicolasgallagher.com/micro-clearfix-hack/) as popularized by Nicolas Gallagher. Can also be used as a mixin.
|
|
|
|
{% highlight html %}
|
|
<div class="clearfix">...</div>
|
|
{% endhighlight %}
|
|
|
|
{% highlight scss %}
|
|
// Mixin itself
|
|
.clearfix() {
|
|
&:before,
|
|
&:after {
|
|
content: " ";
|
|
display: table;
|
|
}
|
|
&:after {
|
|
clear: both;
|
|
}
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
// Usage as a mixin
|
|
.element {
|
|
@include clearfix;
|
|
}
|
|
{% endhighlight %}
|
|
|
|
## Invisible content
|
|
|
|
The `.invisible` class can be used to toggle only the visibility of an element, meaning its `display` is not modified and the element can still affect the flow of the document.
|
|
|
|
{% highlight html %}
|
|
<div class="invisible">...</div>
|
|
{% endhighlight %}
|
|
|
|
{% highlight scss %}
|
|
// Class
|
|
.invisible {
|
|
visibility: hidden;
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
// Usage as a mixin
|
|
.element {
|
|
.invisible();
|
|
}
|
|
{% endhighlight %}
|
|
|
|
## Screen readers and keyboard users
|
|
|
|
Hide an element to all devices **except screen readers** with `.sr-only`. Combine `.sr-only` with `.sr-only-focusable` to show the element again when it's focused (e.g. by a keyboard-only user). Can also be used as mixins.
|
|
|
|
{% comment %}
|
|
Necessary for following [accessibility best practices](../getting-started/#accessibility).
|
|
{% endcomment %}
|
|
|
|
{% highlight html %}
|
|
<a class="sr-only sr-only-focusable" href="#content">Skip to main content</a>
|
|
{% endhighlight %}
|
|
|
|
{% highlight scss %}
|
|
// Usage as a mixin
|
|
.skip-navigation {
|
|
@include sr-only;
|
|
@include sr-only-focusable;
|
|
}
|
|
{% endhighlight %}
|
|
|
|
## Image replacement
|
|
|
|
Utilize the `.text-hide` class or mixin to help replace an element's text content with a background image.
|
|
|
|
{% highlight html %}
|
|
<h1 class="text-hide">Custom heading</h1>
|
|
{% endhighlight %}
|
|
|
|
{% highlight scss %}
|
|
// Usage as a mixin
|
|
.heading {
|
|
@include text-hide;
|
|
}
|
|
{% endhighlight %}
|
|
|
|
## Responsive embeds
|
|
|
|
Allow browsers to determine video or slideshow dimensions based on the width of their containing block by creating an intrinsic ratio that will properly scale on any device.
|
|
|
|
Rules are directly applied to `<iframe>`, `<embed>`, `<video>`, and `<object>` elements; optionally use an explicit descendant class `.embed-responsive-item` when you want to match the styling for other attributes.
|
|
|
|
**Pro-Tip!** You don't need to include `frameborder="0"` in your `<iframe>`s as we override that for you.
|
|
|
|
{% example html %}
|
|
<div class="embed-responsive embed-responsive-16by9">
|
|
<iframe class="embed-responsive-item" src="//www.youtube.com/embed/zpOULjyy-n8?rel=0" allowfullscreen></iframe>
|
|
</div>
|
|
{% endexample %}
|
|
|
|
Aspect ratios can be customized with modifier classes.
|
|
|
|
{% highlight html %}
|
|
<!-- 21:9 aspect ratio -->
|
|
<div class="embed-responsive embed-responsive-21by9">
|
|
<iframe class="embed-responsive-item" src="..."></iframe>
|
|
</div>
|
|
|
|
<!-- 16:9 aspect ratio -->
|
|
<div class="embed-responsive embed-responsive-16by9">
|
|
<iframe class="embed-responsive-item" src="..."></iframe>
|
|
</div>
|
|
|
|
<!-- 4:3 aspect ratio -->
|
|
<div class="embed-responsive embed-responsive-4by3">
|
|
<iframe class="embed-responsive-item" src="..."></iframe>
|
|
</div>
|
|
|
|
<!-- 1:1 aspect ratio -->
|
|
<div class="embed-responsive embed-responsive-1by1">
|
|
<iframe class="embed-responsive-item" src="..."></iframe>
|
|
</div>
|
|
{% endhighlight %}
|