Pillow/Tests/test_file_libtiff.py

from __future__ import annotations

import base64
import io
import itertools
import os
import re
import sys
from pathlib import Path
from typing import Any, NamedTuple

import pytest

from PIL import (
    Image,
    ImageFile,
    ImageFilter,
    ImageOps,
    TiffImagePlugin,
    TiffTags,
    features,
)
from PIL.TiffImagePlugin import OSUBFILETYPE, SAMPLEFORMAT, STRIPOFFSETS, SUBIFD

from .helper import (
    assert_image_equal,
    assert_image_equal_tofile,
    assert_image_similar,
    assert_image_similar_tofile,
    hopper,
    mark_if_feature_version,
    skip_unless_feature,
)


@skip_unless_feature("libtiff")
class LibTiffTestCase:
    def _assert_noerr(self, tmp_path: Path, im: ImageFile.ImageFile) -> None:
        """Helper tests that assert basic sanity about the g4 tiff reading"""
        # 1 bit
        assert im.mode == "1"

        # Does the data actually load
        im.load()
        im.getdata()

        assert isinstance(im, TiffImagePlugin.TiffImageFile)
        try:
            assert im._compression == "group4"
        except AttributeError:
            print("No _compression")
            print(dir(im))

        # can we write it back out, in a different form.
        out = str(tmp_path / "temp.png")
        im.save(out)

        out_bytes = io.BytesIO()
        im.save(out_bytes, format="tiff", compression="group4")


class TestFileLibTiff(LibTiffTestCase):
    def test_version(self) -> None:
        version = features.version_codec("libtiff")
        assert version is not None
        assert re.search(r"\d+\.\d+\.\d+t?$", version)

    def test_g4_tiff(self, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
        """Test the ordinary file path load path"""

        test_file = "Tests/images/hopper_g4_500.tif"
        with Image.open(test_file) as im:
            assert im.size == (500, 500)
            self._assert_noerr(tmp_path, im)

    def test_g4_large(self, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
        test_file = "Tests/images/pport_g4.tif"
        with Image.open(test_file) as im:
            self._assert_noerr(tmp_path, im)

    def test_g4_tiff_file(self, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
        """Testing the string load path"""

        test_file = "Tests/images/hopper_g4_500.tif"
        with open(test_file, "rb") as f:
            with Image.open(f) as im:
                assert im.size == (500, 500)
                self._assert_noerr(tmp_path, im)

    def test_g4_tiff_bytesio(self, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
        """Testing the stringio loading code path"""
        test_file = "Tests/images/hopper_g4_500.tif"
        s = io.BytesIO()
        with open(test_file, "rb") as f:
            s.write(f.read())
            s.seek(0)
        with Image.open(s) as im:
            assert im.size == (500, 500)
            self._assert_noerr(tmp_path, im)

    def test_g4_non_disk_file_object(self, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
        """Testing loading from non-disk non-BytesIO file object"""
        test_file = "Tests/images/hopper_g4_500.tif"
        with open(test_file, "rb") as f:
            data = f.read()

        class NonBytesIO(io.RawIOBase):
            def read(self, size: int = -1) -> bytes:
                nonlocal data
                if size == -1:
                    size = len(data)
                result = data[:size]
                data = data[size:]
                return result

            def readable(self) -> bool:
                return True

        r = io.BufferedReader(NonBytesIO())
        with Image.open(r) as im:
            assert im.size == (500, 500)
            self._assert_noerr(tmp_path, im)

    def test_g4_eq_png(self) -> None:
        """Checking that we're actually getting the data that we expect"""
        with Image.open("Tests/images/hopper_bw_500.png") as png:
            assert_image_equal_tofile(png, "Tests/images/hopper_g4_500.tif")

    # see https://github.com/python-pillow/Pillow/issues/279
    def test_g4_fillorder_eq_png(self) -> None:
        """Checking that we're actually getting the data that we expect"""
        with Image.open("Tests/images/g4-fillorder-test.tif") as g4:
            assert_image_equal_tofile(g4, "Tests/images/g4-fillorder-test.png")

    def test_g4_write(self, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
        """Checking to see that the saved image is the same as what we wrote"""
        test_file = "Tests/images/hopper_g4_500.tif"
        with Image.open(test_file) as orig:
            out = str(tmp_path / "temp.tif")
            rot = orig.transpose(Image.Transpose.ROTATE_90)
            assert rot.size == (500, 500)
            rot.save(out)

            with Image.open(out) as reread:
                assert reread.size == (500, 500)
                self._assert_noerr(tmp_path, reread)
                assert_image_equal(reread, rot)
                assert reread.info["compression"] == "group4"

                assert reread.info["compression"] == orig.info["compression"]

                assert orig.tobytes() != reread.tobytes()

    def test_adobe_deflate_tiff(self) -> None:
        test_file = "Tests/images/tiff_adobe_deflate.tif"
        with Image.open(test_file) as im:
            assert im.mode == "RGB"
            assert im.size == (278, 374)
            assert im.tile[0][:3] == ("libtiff", (0, 0, 278, 374), 0)
            im.load()

            assert_image_equal_tofile(im, "Tests/images/tiff_adobe_deflate.png")

    @pytest.mark.parametrize("legacy_api", (False, True))
    def test_write_metadata(self, legacy_api: bool, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
        """Test metadata writing through libtiff"""
        f = str(tmp_path / "temp.tiff")
        with Image.open("Tests/images/hopper_g4.tif") as img:
            assert isinstance(img, TiffImagePlugin.TiffImageFile)
            img.save(f, tiffinfo=img.tag)

            if legacy_api:
                original = img.tag.named()
            else:
                original = img.tag_v2.named()

        # PhotometricInterpretation is set from SAVE_INFO,
        # not the original image.
        ignored = [
            "StripByteCounts",
            "RowsPerStrip",
            "PageNumber",
            "PhotometricInterpretation",
        ]

        with Image.open(f) as loaded:
            assert isinstance(loaded, TiffImagePlugin.TiffImageFile)
            if legacy_api:
                reloaded = loaded.tag.named()
            else:
                reloaded = loaded.tag_v2.named()

        for tag, value in itertools.chain(reloaded.items(), original.items()):
            if tag not in ignored:
                val = original[tag]
                if tag.endswith("Resolution"):
                    if legacy_api:
                        assert val[0][0] / val[0][1] == (
                            4294967295 / 113653537
                        ), f"{tag} didn't roundtrip"
                    else:
                        assert val == 37.79000115940079, f"{tag} didn't roundtrip"
                else:
                    assert val == value, f"{tag} didn't roundtrip"

        # https://github.com/python-pillow/Pillow/issues/1561
        requested_fields = ["StripByteCounts", "RowsPerStrip", "StripOffsets"]
        for field in requested_fields:
            assert field in reloaded, f"{field} not in metadata"

    @pytest.mark.valgrind_known_error(reason="Known invalid metadata")
    def test_additional_metadata(
        self, monkeypatch: pytest.MonkeyPatch, tmp_path: Path
    ) -> None:
        # these should not crash. Seriously dummy data, most of it doesn't make
        # any sense, so we're running up against limits where we're asking
        # libtiff to do stupid things.

        # Get the list of the ones that we should be able to write

        core_items = {
            tag: info
            for tag, info in ((s, TiffTags.lookup(s)) for s in TiffTags.LIBTIFF_CORE)
            if info.type is not None
        }

        # Exclude ones that have special meaning
        # that we're already testing them
        with Image.open("Tests/images/hopper_g4.tif") as im:
            assert isinstance(im, TiffImagePlugin.TiffImageFile)
            for tag in im.tag_v2:
                try:
                    del core_items[tag]
                except KeyError:
                    pass
            del core_items[320]  # colormap is special, tested below

            # Type codes:
            #     2: "ascii",
            #     3: "short",
            #     4: "long",
            #     5: "rational",
            #     12: "double",
            # Type: dummy value
            values = {
                2: "test",
                3: 1,
                4: 2**20,
                5: TiffImagePlugin.IFDRational(100, 1),
                12: 1.05,
            }

            new_ifd = TiffImagePlugin.ImageFileDirectory_v2()
            for tag, info in core_items.items():
                assert info.type is not None
                if info.length == 1:
                    new_ifd[tag] = values[info.type]
                elif not info.length:
                    new_ifd[tag] = tuple(values[info.type] for _ in range(3))
                else:
                    new_ifd[tag] = tuple(values[info.type] for _ in range(info.length))

            # Extra samples really doesn't make sense in this application.
            del new_ifd[338]

            out = str(tmp_path / "temp.tif")
            monkeypatch.setattr(TiffImagePlugin, "WRITE_LIBTIFF", True)

            im.save(out, tiffinfo=new_ifd)

    @pytest.mark.parametrize(
        "libtiff",
        (
            pytest.param(
                True,
                marks=pytest.mark.skipif(
                    not getattr(Image.core, "libtiff_support_custom_tags", False),
                    reason="Custom tags not supported by older libtiff",
                ),
            ),
            False,
        ),
    )
    def test_custom_metadata(
        self, monkeypatch: pytest.MonkeyPatch, tmp_path: Path, libtiff: bool
    ) -> None:
        monkeypatch.setattr(TiffImagePlugin, "WRITE_LIBTIFF", libtiff)

        class Tc(NamedTuple):
            value: Any
            type: int
            supported_by_default: bool

        custom = {
            37000 + k: v
            for k, v in enumerate(
                [
                    Tc(4, TiffTags.SHORT, True),
                    Tc(123456789, TiffTags.LONG, True),
                    Tc(-4, TiffTags.SIGNED_BYTE, False),
                    Tc(-4, TiffTags.SIGNED_SHORT, False),
                    Tc(-123456789, TiffTags.SIGNED_LONG, False),
                    Tc(TiffImagePlugin.IFDRational(4, 7), TiffTags.RATIONAL, True),
                    Tc(4.25, TiffTags.FLOAT, True),
                    Tc(4.25, TiffTags.DOUBLE, True),
                    Tc("custom tag value", TiffTags.ASCII, True),
                    Tc(b"custom tag value", TiffTags.BYTE, True),
                    Tc((4, 5, 6), TiffTags.SHORT, True),
                    Tc((123456789, 9, 34, 234, 219387, 92432323), TiffTags.LONG, True),
                    Tc((-4, 9, 10), TiffTags.SIGNED_BYTE, False),
                    Tc((-4, 5, 6), TiffTags.SIGNED_SHORT, False),
                    Tc(
                        (-123456789, 9, 34, 234, 219387, -92432323),
                        TiffTags.SIGNED_LONG,
                        False,
                    ),
                    Tc((4.25, 5.25), TiffTags.FLOAT, True),
                    Tc((4.25, 5.25), TiffTags.DOUBLE, True),
                    # array of TIFF_BYTE requires bytes instead of tuple for backwards
                    # compatibility
                    Tc(bytes([4]), TiffTags.BYTE, True),
                    Tc(bytes((4, 9, 10)), TiffTags.BYTE, True),
                ]
            )
        }

        def check_tags(
            tiffinfo: TiffImagePlugin.ImageFileDirectory_v2 | dict[int, str]
        ) -> None:
            im = hopper()

            out = str(tmp_path / "temp.tif")
            im.save(out, tiffinfo=tiffinfo)

            with Image.open(out) as reloaded:
                assert isinstance(reloaded, TiffImagePlugin.TiffImageFile)
                for tag, value in tiffinfo.items():
                    reloaded_value = reloaded.tag_v2[tag]
                    if (
                        isinstance(reloaded_value, TiffImagePlugin.IFDRational)
                        and libtiff
                    ):
                        # libtiff does not support real RATIONALS
                        assert round(abs(float(reloaded_value) - float(value)), 7) == 0
                        continue

                    assert reloaded_value == value

        # Test with types
        ifd = TiffImagePlugin.ImageFileDirectory_v2()
        for tag, tagdata in custom.items():
            ifd[tag] = tagdata.value
            ifd.tagtype[tag] = tagdata.type
        check_tags(ifd)

        # Test without types. This only works for some types, int for example are
        # always encoded as LONG and not SIGNED_LONG.
        check_tags(
            {
                tag: tagdata.value
                for tag, tagdata in custom.items()
                if tagdata.supported_by_default
            }
        )

    def test_osubfiletype(self, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
        outfile = str(tmp_path / "temp.tif")
        with Image.open("Tests/images/g4_orientation_6.tif") as im:
            assert isinstance(im, TiffImagePlugin.TiffImageFile)
            im.tag_v2[OSUBFILETYPE] = 1
            im.save(outfile)

    def test_subifd(self, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
        outfile = str(tmp_path / "temp.tif")
        with Image.open("Tests/images/g4_orientation_6.tif") as im:
            assert isinstance(im, TiffImagePlugin.TiffImageFile)
            im.tag_v2[SUBIFD] = 10000

            # Should not segfault
            im.save(outfile)

    def test_xmlpacket_tag(
        self, monkeypatch: pytest.MonkeyPatch, tmp_path: Path
    ) -> None:
        monkeypatch.setattr(TiffImagePlugin, "WRITE_LIBTIFF", True)

        out = str(tmp_path / "temp.tif")
        hopper().save(out, tiffinfo={700: b"xmlpacket tag"})

        with Image.open(out) as reloaded:
            assert isinstance(reloaded, TiffImagePlugin.TiffImageFile)
            if 700 in reloaded.tag_v2:
                assert reloaded.tag_v2[700] == b"xmlpacket tag"

    def test_int_dpi(self, monkeypatch: pytest.MonkeyPatch, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
        # issue #1765
        im = hopper("RGB")
        out = str(tmp_path / "temp.tif")
        monkeypatch.setattr(TiffImagePlugin, "WRITE_LIBTIFF", True)
        im.save(out, dpi=(72, 72))
        with Image.open(out) as reloaded:
            assert reloaded.info["dpi"] == (72.0, 72.0)

    def test_g3_compression(self, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
        with Image.open("Tests/images/hopper_g4_500.tif") as i:
            out = str(tmp_path / "temp.tif")
            i.save(out, compression="group3")

            with Image.open(out) as reread:
                assert reread.info["compression"] == "group3"
                assert_image_equal(reread, i)

    def test_little_endian(self, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
        with Image.open("Tests/images/16bit.deflate.tif") as im:
            assert im.getpixel((0, 0)) == 480
            assert im.mode == "I;16"

            b = im.tobytes()
            # Bytes are in image native order (little endian)
            assert b[0] == ord(b"\xe0")
            assert b[1] == ord(b"\x01")

            out = str(tmp_path / "temp.tif")
            # out = "temp.le.tif"
            im.save(out)
        with Image.open(out) as reread:
            assert reread.info["compression"] == im.info["compression"]
            assert reread.getpixel((0, 0)) == 480
        # UNDONE - libtiff defaults to writing in native endian, so
        # on big endian, we'll get back mode = 'I;16B' here.

    def test_big_endian(self, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
        with Image.open("Tests/images/16bit.MM.deflate.tif") as im:
            assert im.getpixel((0, 0)) == 480
            assert im.mode == "I;16B"

            b = im.tobytes()

            # Bytes are in image native order (big endian)
            assert b[0] == ord(b"\x01")
            assert b[1] == ord(b"\xe0")

            out = str(tmp_path / "temp.tif")
            im.save(out)
            with Image.open(out) as reread:
                assert reread.info["compression"] == im.info["compression"]
                assert reread.getpixel((0, 0)) == 480

    def test_g4_string_info(self, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
        """Tests String data in info directory"""
        test_file = "Tests/images/hopper_g4_500.tif"
        with Image.open(test_file) as orig:
            assert isinstance(orig, TiffImagePlugin.TiffImageFile)

            out = str(tmp_path / "temp.tif")
            orig.tag[269] = "temp.tif"
            orig.save(out)

        with Image.open(out) as reread:
            assert isinstance(reread, TiffImagePlugin.TiffImageFile)
            assert "temp.tif" == reread.tag_v2[269]
            assert "temp.tif" == reread.tag[269][0]

    def test_12bit_rawmode(self, monkeypatch: pytest.MonkeyPatch) -> None:
        """Are we generating the same interpretation
        of the image as Imagemagick is?"""
        monkeypatch.setattr(TiffImagePlugin, "READ_LIBTIFF", True)
        with Image.open("Tests/images/12bit.cropped.tif") as im:
            im.load()
            monkeypatch.setattr(TiffImagePlugin, "READ_LIBTIFF", False)
            # to make the target --
            # convert 12bit.cropped.tif -depth 16 tmp.tif
            # convert tmp.tif -evaluate RightShift 4 12in16bit2.tif
            # imagemagick will auto scale so that a 12bit FFF is 16bit FFF0,
            # so we need to unshift so that the integer values are the same.

            assert_image_equal_tofile(im, "Tests/images/12in16bit.tif")

    def test_blur(self, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
        # test case from irc, how to do blur on b/w image
        # and save to compressed tif.
        out = str(tmp_path / "temp.tif")
        with Image.open("Tests/images/pport_g4.tif") as img:
            im = img.convert("L")

        im = im.filter(ImageFilter.GaussianBlur(4))
        im.save(out, compression="tiff_adobe_deflate")

        assert_image_equal_tofile(im, out)

    def test_compressions(self, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
        # Test various tiff compressions and assert similar image content but reduced
        # file sizes.
        im = hopper("RGB")
        out = str(tmp_path / "temp.tif")
        im.save(out)
        size_raw = os.path.getsize(out)

        for compression in ("packbits", "tiff_lzw"):
            im.save(out, compression=compression)
            size_compressed = os.path.getsize(out)
            assert_image_equal_tofile(im, out)

        im.save(out, compression="jpeg")
        size_jpeg = os.path.getsize(out)
        with Image.open(out) as im2:
            assert_image_similar(im, im2, 30)

        im.save(out, compression="jpeg", quality=30)
        size_jpeg_30 = os.path.getsize(out)
        assert_image_similar_tofile(im2, out, 30)

        assert size_raw > size_compressed
        assert size_compressed > size_jpeg
        assert size_jpeg > size_jpeg_30

    def test_tiff_jpeg_compression(self, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
        im = hopper("RGB")
        out = str(tmp_path / "temp.tif")
        im.save(out, compression="tiff_jpeg")

        with Image.open(out) as reloaded:
            assert reloaded.info["compression"] == "jpeg"

    def test_tiff_deflate_compression(self, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
        im = hopper("RGB")
        out = str(tmp_path / "temp.tif")
        im.save(out, compression="tiff_deflate")

        with Image.open(out) as reloaded:
            assert reloaded.info["compression"] == "tiff_adobe_deflate"

    def test_quality(self, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
        im = hopper("RGB")
        out = str(tmp_path / "temp.tif")

        with pytest.raises(ValueError):
            im.save(out, compression="tiff_lzw", quality=50)
        with pytest.raises(ValueError):
            im.save(out, compression="jpeg", quality=-1)
        with pytest.raises(ValueError):
            im.save(out, compression="jpeg", quality=101)
        with pytest.raises(ValueError):
            im.save(out, compression="jpeg", quality="good")
        im.save(out, compression="jpeg", quality=0)
        im.save(out, compression="jpeg", quality=100)

    def test_cmyk_save(self, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
        im = hopper("CMYK")
        out = str(tmp_path / "temp.tif")

        im.save(out, compression="tiff_adobe_deflate")
        assert_image_equal_tofile(im, out)

    @pytest.mark.parametrize("im", (hopper("P"), Image.new("P", (1, 1), "#000")))
    def test_palette_save(
        self, im: Image.Image, monkeypatch: pytest.MonkeyPatch, tmp_path: Path
    ) -> None:
        out = str(tmp_path / "temp.tif")

        monkeypatch.setattr(TiffImagePlugin, "WRITE_LIBTIFF", True)
        im.save(out)

        with Image.open(out) as reloaded:
            # colormap/palette tag
            assert isinstance(reloaded, TiffImagePlugin.TiffImageFile)
            assert len(reloaded.tag_v2[320]) == 768

    @pytest.mark.parametrize("compression", ("tiff_ccitt", "group3", "group4"))
    def test_bw_compression_w_rgb(self, compression: str, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
        im = hopper("RGB")
        out = str(tmp_path / "temp.tif")

        with pytest.raises(OSError):
            im.save(out, compression=compression)

    def test_fp_leak(self) -> None:
        im: ImageFile.ImageFile | None = Image.open("Tests/images/hopper_g4_500.tif")
        assert im is not None
        assert im.fp is not None
        fn = im.fp.fileno()

        os.fstat(fn)
        im.load()  # this should close it.
        with pytest.raises(OSError):
            os.fstat(fn)
        im = None  # this should force even more closed.
        with pytest.raises(OSError):
            os.fstat(fn)
        with pytest.raises(OSError):
            os.close(fn)

    def test_multipage(self, monkeypatch: pytest.MonkeyPatch) -> None:
        # issue #862
        monkeypatch.setattr(TiffImagePlugin, "READ_LIBTIFF", True)
        with Image.open("Tests/images/multipage.tiff") as im:
            # file is a multipage tiff,  10x10 green, 10x10 red, 20x20 blue

            assert isinstance(im, TiffImagePlugin.TiffImageFile)
            im.seek(0)
            assert im.size == (10, 10)
            assert im.convert("RGB").getpixel((0, 0)) == (0, 128, 0)
            assert im.tag.next

            im.seek(1)
            assert im.size == (10, 10)
            assert im.convert("RGB").getpixel((0, 0)) == (255, 0, 0)
            assert im.tag.next

            im.seek(2)
            assert not im.tag.next
            assert im.size == (20, 20)
            assert im.convert("RGB").getpixel((0, 0)) == (0, 0, 255)

    def test_multipage_nframes(self, monkeypatch: pytest.MonkeyPatch) -> None:
        # issue #862
        monkeypatch.setattr(TiffImagePlugin, "READ_LIBTIFF", True)
        with Image.open("Tests/images/multipage.tiff") as im:
            assert isinstance(im, TiffImagePlugin.TiffImageFile)
            frames = im.n_frames
            assert frames == 3
            for _ in range(frames):
                im.seek(0)
                # Should not raise ValueError: I/O operation on closed file
                im.load()

    def test_multipage_seek_backwards(self, monkeypatch: pytest.MonkeyPatch) -> None:
        monkeypatch.setattr(TiffImagePlugin, "READ_LIBTIFF", True)
        with Image.open("Tests/images/multipage.tiff") as im:
            im.seek(1)
            im.load()

            im.seek(0)
            assert im.convert("RGB").getpixel((0, 0)) == (0, 128, 0)

    def test__next(self, monkeypatch: pytest.MonkeyPatch) -> None:
        monkeypatch.setattr(TiffImagePlugin, "READ_LIBTIFF", True)
        with Image.open("Tests/images/hopper.tif") as im:
            assert isinstance(im, TiffImagePlugin.TiffImageFile)
            assert not im.tag.next
            im.load()
            assert not im.tag.next

    def test_4bit(self, monkeypatch: pytest.MonkeyPatch) -> None:
        # Arrange
        test_file = "Tests/images/hopper_gray_4bpp.tif"
        original = hopper("L")

        # Act
        monkeypatch.setattr(TiffImagePlugin, "READ_LIBTIFF", True)
        with Image.open(test_file) as im:

            # Assert
            assert im.size == (128, 128)
            assert im.mode == "L"
            assert_image_similar(im, original, 7.3)

    def test_gray_semibyte_per_pixel(self) -> None:
        test_files = (
            (
                24.8,  # epsilon
                (  # group
                    "Tests/images/tiff_gray_2_4_bpp/hopper2.tif",
                    "Tests/images/tiff_gray_2_4_bpp/hopper2I.tif",
                    "Tests/images/tiff_gray_2_4_bpp/hopper2R.tif",
                    "Tests/images/tiff_gray_2_4_bpp/hopper2IR.tif",
                ),
            ),
            (
                7.3,  # epsilon
                (  # group
                    "Tests/images/tiff_gray_2_4_bpp/hopper4.tif",
                    "Tests/images/tiff_gray_2_4_bpp/hopper4I.tif",
                    "Tests/images/tiff_gray_2_4_bpp/hopper4R.tif",
                    "Tests/images/tiff_gray_2_4_bpp/hopper4IR.tif",
                ),
            ),
        )
        original = hopper("L")
        for epsilon, group in test_files:
            with Image.open(group[0]) as im:
                assert im.size == (128, 128)
                assert im.mode == "L"
                assert_image_similar(im, original, epsilon)
            for file in group[1:]:
                with Image.open(file) as im2:
                    assert im2.size == (128, 128)
                    assert im2.mode == "L"
                    assert_image_equal(im, im2)

    def test_save_bytesio(self, monkeypatch: pytest.MonkeyPatch) -> None:
        # PR 1011
        # Test TIFF saving to io.BytesIO() object.

        monkeypatch.setattr(TiffImagePlugin, "WRITE_LIBTIFF", True)
        monkeypatch.setattr(TiffImagePlugin, "READ_LIBTIFF", True)

        # Generate test image
        pilim = hopper()

        def save_bytesio(compression: str | None = None) -> None:
            buffer_io = io.BytesIO()
            pilim.save(buffer_io, format="tiff", compression=compression)
            buffer_io.seek(0)

            with Image.open(buffer_io) as saved_im:
                assert_image_similar(pilim, saved_im, 0)

        save_bytesio()
        save_bytesio("raw")
        save_bytesio("packbits")
        save_bytesio("tiff_lzw")

    def test_save_ycbcr(self, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
        im = hopper("YCbCr")
        outfile = str(tmp_path / "temp.tif")
        im.save(outfile, compression="jpeg")

        with Image.open(outfile) as reloaded:
            assert isinstance(reloaded, TiffImagePlugin.TiffImageFile)
            assert reloaded.tag_v2[530] == (1, 1)
            assert reloaded.tag_v2[532] == (0, 255, 128, 255, 128, 255)

    def test_exif_ifd(self) -> None:
        out = io.BytesIO()
        with Image.open("Tests/images/tiff_adobe_deflate.tif") as im:
            assert isinstance(im, TiffImagePlugin.TiffImageFile)
            assert im.tag_v2[34665] == 125456
            im.save(out, "TIFF")

            with Image.open(out) as reloaded:
                assert isinstance(reloaded, TiffImagePlugin.TiffImageFile)
                assert 34665 not in reloaded.tag_v2

            im.save(out, "TIFF", tiffinfo={34665: 125456})

        with Image.open(out) as reloaded:
            assert isinstance(reloaded, TiffImagePlugin.TiffImageFile)
            if Image.core.libtiff_support_custom_tags:
                assert reloaded.tag_v2[34665] == 125456

    def test_crashing_metadata(
        self, monkeypatch: pytest.MonkeyPatch, tmp_path: Path
    ) -> None:
        # issue 1597
        with Image.open("Tests/images/rdf.tif") as im:
            out = str(tmp_path / "temp.tif")

            monkeypatch.setattr(TiffImagePlugin, "WRITE_LIBTIFF", True)
            # this shouldn't crash
            im.save(out, format="TIFF")

    def test_page_number_x_0(self, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
        # Issue 973
        # Test TIFF with tag 297 (Page Number) having value of 0 0.
        # The first number is the current page number.
        # The second is the total number of pages, zero means not available.
        outfile = str(tmp_path / "temp.tif")
        # Created by printing a page in Chrome to PDF, then:
        # /usr/bin/gs -q -sDEVICE=tiffg3 -sOutputFile=total-pages-zero.tif
        # -dNOPAUSE /tmp/test.pdf -c quit
        infile = "Tests/images/total-pages-zero.tif"
        with Image.open(infile) as im:
            # Should not divide by zero
            im.save(outfile)

    def test_fd_duplication(self, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
        # https://github.com/python-pillow/Pillow/issues/1651

        tmpfile = str(tmp_path / "temp.tif")
        with open(tmpfile, "wb") as f:
            with open("Tests/images/g4-multi.tiff", "rb") as src:
                f.write(src.read())

        im = Image.open(tmpfile)
        assert isinstance(im, TiffImagePlugin.TiffImageFile)
        im.n_frames
        im.close()
        # Should not raise PermissionError.
        os.remove(tmpfile)

    def test_read_icc(self, monkeypatch: pytest.MonkeyPatch) -> None:
        with Image.open("Tests/images/hopper.iccprofile.tif") as img:
            icc = img.info.get("icc_profile")
            assert icc is not None
        monkeypatch.setattr(TiffImagePlugin, "READ_LIBTIFF", True)
        with Image.open("Tests/images/hopper.iccprofile.tif") as img:
            icc_libtiff = img.info.get("icc_profile")
            assert icc_libtiff is not None
        assert icc == icc_libtiff

    @pytest.mark.parametrize(
        "libtiff",
        (
            pytest.param(
                True,
                marks=pytest.mark.skipif(
                    not getattr(Image.core, "libtiff_support_custom_tags", False),
                    reason="Custom tags not supported by older libtiff",
                ),
            ),
            False,
        ),
    )
    def test_write_icc(
        self, monkeypatch: pytest.MonkeyPatch, tmp_path: Path, libtiff: bool
    ) -> None:
        monkeypatch.setattr(TiffImagePlugin, "WRITE_LIBTIFF", libtiff)

        with Image.open("Tests/images/hopper.iccprofile.tif") as img:
            icc_profile = img.info["icc_profile"]

            out = str(tmp_path / "temp.tif")
            img.save(out, icc_profile=icc_profile)
        with Image.open(out) as reloaded:
            assert icc_profile == reloaded.info["icc_profile"]

    def test_multipage_compression(self) -> None:
        with Image.open("Tests/images/compression.tif") as im:
            assert isinstance(im, TiffImagePlugin.TiffImageFile)

            im.seek(0)
            assert im._compression == "tiff_ccitt"
            assert im.size == (10, 10)

            im.seek(1)
            assert im._compression == "packbits"
            assert im.size == (10, 10)
            im.load()

            im.seek(0)
            assert im._compression == "tiff_ccitt"
            assert im.size == (10, 10)
            im.load()

    def test_save_tiff_with_jpegtables(self, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
        # Arrange
        outfile = str(tmp_path / "temp.tif")

        # Created with ImageMagick: convert hopper.jpg hopper_jpg.tif
        # Contains JPEGTables (347) tag
        infile = "Tests/images/hopper_jpg.tif"
        with Image.open(infile) as im:
            # Act / Assert
            # Should not raise UnicodeDecodeError or anything else
            im.save(outfile)

    def test_16bit_RGB_tiff(self) -> None:
        with Image.open("Tests/images/tiff_16bit_RGB.tiff") as im:
            assert im.mode == "RGB"
            assert im.size == (100, 40)
            assert im.tile, [
                (
                    "libtiff",
                    (0, 0, 100, 40),
                    0,
                    ("RGB;16N", "tiff_adobe_deflate", False, 8),
                )
            ]
            im.load()

            assert_image_equal_tofile(im, "Tests/images/tiff_16bit_RGB_target.png")

    def test_16bit_RGBa_tiff(self) -> None:
        with Image.open("Tests/images/tiff_16bit_RGBa.tiff") as im:
            assert im.mode == "RGBA"
            assert im.size == (100, 40)
            assert im.tile, [
                ("libtiff", (0, 0, 100, 40), 0, ("RGBa;16N", "tiff_lzw", False, 38236))
            ]
            im.load()

            assert_image_equal_tofile(im, "Tests/images/tiff_16bit_RGBa_target.png")

    @skip_unless_feature("jpg")
    def test_gimp_tiff(self) -> None:
        # Read TIFF JPEG images from GIMP [@PIL168]
        filename = "Tests/images/pil168.tif"
        with Image.open(filename) as im:
            assert im.mode == "RGB"
            assert im.size == (256, 256)
            assert im.tile == [
                ("libtiff", (0, 0, 256, 256), 0, ("RGB", "jpeg", False, 5122))
            ]
            im.load()

            assert_image_equal_tofile(im, "Tests/images/pil168.png")

    def test_sampleformat(self) -> None:
        # https://github.com/python-pillow/Pillow/issues/1466
        with Image.open("Tests/images/copyleft.tiff") as im:
            assert im.mode == "RGB"

            assert_image_equal_tofile(im, "Tests/images/copyleft.png", mode="RGB")

    def test_sampleformat_write(
        self, monkeypatch: pytest.MonkeyPatch, tmp_path: Path
    ) -> None:
        im = Image.new("F", (1, 1))
        out = str(tmp_path / "temp.tif")
        monkeypatch.setattr(TiffImagePlugin, "WRITE_LIBTIFF", True)
        im.save(out)

        with Image.open(out) as reloaded:
            assert reloaded.mode == "F"
            assert reloaded.getexif()[SAMPLEFORMAT] == 3

    def test_lzma(self, capfd: pytest.CaptureFixture[str]) -> None:
        try:
            with Image.open("Tests/images/hopper_lzma.tif") as im:
                assert im.mode == "RGB"
                assert im.size == (128, 128)
                assert im.format == "TIFF"
                im2 = hopper()
                assert_image_similar(im, im2, 5)
        except OSError:
            captured = capfd.readouterr()
            if "LZMA compression support is not configured" in captured.err:
                pytest.skip("LZMA compression support is not configured")
            sys.stdout.write(captured.out)
            sys.stderr.write(captured.err)
            raise

    def test_webp(self, capfd: pytest.CaptureFixture[str]) -> None:
        try:
            with Image.open("Tests/images/hopper_webp.tif") as im:
                assert im.mode == "RGB"
                assert im.size == (128, 128)
                assert im.format == "TIFF"
                assert_image_similar_tofile(im, "Tests/images/hopper_webp.png", 1)
        except OSError:
            captured = capfd.readouterr()
            if "WEBP compression support is not configured" in captured.err:
                pytest.skip("WEBP compression support is not configured")
            if (
                "Compression scheme 50001 strip decoding is not implemented"
                in captured.err
            ):
                pytest.skip(
                    "Compression scheme 50001 strip decoding is not implemented"
                )
            sys.stdout.write(captured.out)
            sys.stderr.write(captured.err)
            raise

    def test_lzw(self) -> None:
        with Image.open("Tests/images/hopper_lzw.tif") as im:
            assert im.mode == "RGB"
            assert im.size == (128, 128)
            assert im.format == "TIFF"
            im2 = hopper()
            assert_image_similar(im, im2, 5)

    def test_strip_cmyk_jpeg(self) -> None:
        infile = "Tests/images/tiff_strip_cmyk_jpeg.tif"
        with Image.open(infile) as im:
            assert_image_similar_tofile(im, "Tests/images/pil_sample_cmyk.jpg", 0.5)

    def test_strip_cmyk_16l_jpeg(self) -> None:
        infile = "Tests/images/tiff_strip_cmyk_16l_jpeg.tif"
        with Image.open(infile) as im:
            assert_image_similar_tofile(im, "Tests/images/pil_sample_cmyk.jpg", 0.5)

    @mark_if_feature_version(
        pytest.mark.valgrind_known_error, "libjpeg_turbo", "2.0", reason="Known Failing"
    )
    def test_strip_ycbcr_jpeg_2x2_sampling(self) -> None:
        infile = "Tests/images/tiff_strip_ycbcr_jpeg_2x2_sampling.tif"
        with Image.open(infile) as im:
            assert_image_similar_tofile(im, "Tests/images/flower.jpg", 1.2)

    @mark_if_feature_version(
        pytest.mark.valgrind_known_error, "libjpeg_turbo", "2.0", reason="Known Failing"
    )
    def test_strip_ycbcr_jpeg_1x1_sampling(self) -> None:
        infile = "Tests/images/tiff_strip_ycbcr_jpeg_1x1_sampling.tif"
        with Image.open(infile) as im:
            assert_image_similar_tofile(im, "Tests/images/flower2.jpg", 0.01)

    def test_tiled_cmyk_jpeg(self) -> None:
        infile = "Tests/images/tiff_tiled_cmyk_jpeg.tif"
        with Image.open(infile) as im:
            assert_image_similar_tofile(im, "Tests/images/pil_sample_cmyk.jpg", 0.5)

    @mark_if_feature_version(
        pytest.mark.valgrind_known_error, "libjpeg_turbo", "2.0", reason="Known Failing"
    )
    def test_tiled_ycbcr_jpeg_1x1_sampling(self) -> None:
        infile = "Tests/images/tiff_tiled_ycbcr_jpeg_1x1_sampling.tif"
        with Image.open(infile) as im:
            assert_image_similar_tofile(im, "Tests/images/flower2.jpg", 0.01)

    @mark_if_feature_version(
        pytest.mark.valgrind_known_error, "libjpeg_turbo", "2.0", reason="Known Failing"
    )
    def test_tiled_ycbcr_jpeg_2x2_sampling(self) -> None:
        infile = "Tests/images/tiff_tiled_ycbcr_jpeg_2x2_sampling.tif"
        with Image.open(infile) as im:
            assert_image_similar_tofile(im, "Tests/images/flower.jpg", 1.5)

    def test_strip_planar_rgb(self) -> None:
        # gdal_translate -co TILED=no -co INTERLEAVE=BAND -co COMPRESS=LZW \
        # tiff_strip_raw.tif tiff_strip_planar_lzw.tiff
        infile = "Tests/images/tiff_strip_planar_lzw.tiff"
        with Image.open(infile) as im:
            assert_image_equal_tofile(im, "Tests/images/tiff_adobe_deflate.png")

    def test_tiled_planar_rgb(self) -> None:
        # gdal_translate -co TILED=yes -co INTERLEAVE=BAND -co COMPRESS=LZW \
        # tiff_tiled_raw.tif tiff_tiled_planar_lzw.tiff
        infile = "Tests/images/tiff_tiled_planar_lzw.tiff"
        with Image.open(infile) as im:
            assert_image_equal_tofile(im, "Tests/images/tiff_adobe_deflate.png")

    def test_tiled_planar_16bit_RGB(self) -> None:
        # gdal_translate -co TILED=yes -co INTERLEAVE=BAND -co COMPRESS=LZW \
        # tiff_16bit_RGB.tiff tiff_tiled_planar_16bit_RGB.tiff
        with Image.open("Tests/images/tiff_tiled_planar_16bit_RGB.tiff") as im:
            assert_image_equal_tofile(im, "Tests/images/tiff_16bit_RGB_target.png")

    def test_strip_planar_16bit_RGB(self) -> None:
        # gdal_translate -co TILED=no -co INTERLEAVE=BAND -co COMPRESS=LZW \
        # tiff_16bit_RGB.tiff tiff_strip_planar_16bit_RGB.tiff
        with Image.open("Tests/images/tiff_strip_planar_16bit_RGB.tiff") as im:
            assert_image_equal_tofile(im, "Tests/images/tiff_16bit_RGB_target.png")

    def test_tiled_planar_16bit_RGBa(self) -> None:
        # gdal_translate -co TILED=yes \
        # -co INTERLEAVE=BAND -co COMPRESS=LZW -co ALPHA=PREMULTIPLIED \
        # tiff_16bit_RGBa.tiff tiff_tiled_planar_16bit_RGBa.tiff
        with Image.open("Tests/images/tiff_tiled_planar_16bit_RGBa.tiff") as im:
            assert_image_equal_tofile(im, "Tests/images/tiff_16bit_RGBa_target.png")

    def test_strip_planar_16bit_RGBa(self) -> None:
        # gdal_translate -co TILED=no \
        # -co INTERLEAVE=BAND -co COMPRESS=LZW -co ALPHA=PREMULTIPLIED \
        # tiff_16bit_RGBa.tiff tiff_strip_planar_16bit_RGBa.tiff
        with Image.open("Tests/images/tiff_strip_planar_16bit_RGBa.tiff") as im:
            assert_image_equal_tofile(im, "Tests/images/tiff_16bit_RGBa_target.png")

    @pytest.mark.parametrize("compression", (None, "jpeg"))
    def test_block_tile_tags(self, compression: str | None, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
        im = hopper()
        out = str(tmp_path / "temp.tif")

        tags = {
            TiffImagePlugin.TILEWIDTH: 256,
            TiffImagePlugin.TILELENGTH: 256,
            TiffImagePlugin.TILEOFFSETS: 256,
            TiffImagePlugin.TILEBYTECOUNTS: 256,
        }
        im.save(out, exif=tags, compression=compression)

        with Image.open(out) as reloaded:
            for tag in tags:
                assert tag not in reloaded.getexif()

    def test_old_style_jpeg(self) -> None:
        with Image.open("Tests/images/old-style-jpeg-compression.tif") as im:
            assert_image_equal_tofile(im, "Tests/images/old-style-jpeg-compression.png")

    def test_open_missing_samplesperpixel(self) -> None:
        with Image.open(
            "Tests/images/old-style-jpeg-compression-no-samplesperpixel.tif"
        ) as im:
            assert_image_equal_tofile(im, "Tests/images/old-style-jpeg-compression.png")

    @pytest.mark.parametrize(
        "file_name, mode, size, tile",
        [
            (
                "tiff_wrong_bits_per_sample.tiff",
                "RGBA",
                (52, 53),
                [("raw", (0, 0, 52, 53), 160, ("RGBA", 0, 1))],
            ),
            (
                "tiff_wrong_bits_per_sample_2.tiff",
                "RGB",
                (16, 16),
                [("raw", (0, 0, 16, 16), 8, ("RGB", 0, 1))],
            ),
            (
                "tiff_wrong_bits_per_sample_3.tiff",
                "RGBA",
                (512, 256),
                [("libtiff", (0, 0, 512, 256), 0, ("RGBA", "tiff_lzw", False, 48782))],
            ),
        ],
    )
    def test_wrong_bits_per_sample(
        self,
        file_name: str,
        mode: str,
        size: tuple[int, int],
        tile: list[tuple[str, tuple[int, int, int, int], int, tuple[Any, ...]]],
    ) -> None:
        with Image.open("Tests/images/" + file_name) as im:
            assert im.mode == mode
            assert im.size == size
            assert im.tile == tile
            im.load()

    def test_no_rows_per_strip(self) -> None:
        # This image does not have a RowsPerStrip TIFF tag
        infile = "Tests/images/no_rows_per_strip.tif"
        with Image.open(infile) as im:
            im.load()
        assert im.size == (950, 975)

    def test_orientation(self) -> None:
        with Image.open("Tests/images/g4_orientation_1.tif") as base_im:
            for i in range(2, 9):
                with Image.open("Tests/images/g4_orientation_" + str(i) + ".tif") as im:
                    assert isinstance(im, TiffImagePlugin.TiffImageFile)
                    assert 274 in im.tag_v2

                    im.load()
                    assert 274 not in im.tag_v2

                    assert_image_similar(base_im, im, 0.7)

    def test_exif_transpose(self) -> None:
        with Image.open("Tests/images/g4_orientation_1.tif") as base_im:
            for i in range(2, 9):
                with Image.open("Tests/images/g4_orientation_" + str(i) + ".tif") as im:
                    transposed_im = ImageOps.exif_transpose(im)
                    assert transposed_im is not None

                    assert_image_similar(base_im, transposed_im, 0.7)

    @pytest.mark.valgrind_known_error(reason="Backtrace in Python Core")
    def test_sampleformat_not_corrupted(self) -> None:
        # Assert that a TIFF image with SampleFormat=UINT tag is not corrupted
        # when saving to a new file.
        # Pillow 6.0 fails with "OSError: cannot identify image file".
        tiff = io.BytesIO(
            base64.b64decode(
                b"SUkqAAgAAAAPAP4ABAABAAAAAAAAAAABBAABAAAAAQAAAAEBBAABAAAAAQAA"
                b"AAIBAwADAAAAwgAAAAMBAwABAAAACAAAAAYBAwABAAAAAgAAABEBBAABAAAA"
                b"4AAAABUBAwABAAAAAwAAABYBBAABAAAAAQAAABcBBAABAAAACwAAABoBBQAB"
                b"AAAAyAAAABsBBQABAAAA0AAAABwBAwABAAAAAQAAACgBAwABAAAAAQAAAFMB"
                b"AwADAAAA2AAAAAAAAAAIAAgACAABAAAAAQAAAAEAAAABAAAAAQABAAEAAAB4"
                b"nGNgYAAAAAMAAQ=="
            )
        )
        out = io.BytesIO()
        with Image.open(tiff) as im:
            im.save(out, format="tiff")
        out.seek(0)
        with Image.open(out) as im:
            im.load()

    def test_realloc_overflow(self, monkeypatch: pytest.MonkeyPatch) -> None:
        monkeypatch.setattr(TiffImagePlugin, "READ_LIBTIFF", True)
        with Image.open("Tests/images/tiff_overflow_rows_per_strip.tif") as im:
            with pytest.raises(OSError) as e:
                im.load()

            # Assert that the error code is IMAGING_CODEC_MEMORY
            assert str(e.value) == "-9"

    @pytest.mark.parametrize("compression", ("tiff_adobe_deflate", "jpeg"))
    def test_save_multistrip(self, compression: str, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
        im = hopper("RGB").resize((256, 256))
        out = str(tmp_path / "temp.tif")
        im.save(out, compression=compression)

        with Image.open(out) as im:
            # Assert that there are multiple strips
            assert isinstance(im, TiffImagePlugin.TiffImageFile)
            assert len(im.tag_v2[STRIPOFFSETS]) > 1

    @pytest.mark.parametrize("argument", (True, False))
    def test_save_single_strip(self, argument: bool, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
        im = hopper("RGB").resize((256, 256))
        out = str(tmp_path / "temp.tif")

        if not argument:
            TiffImagePlugin.STRIP_SIZE = 2**18
        try:
            arguments: dict[str, str | int] = {"compression": "tiff_adobe_deflate"}
            if argument:
                arguments["strip_size"] = 2**18
            im.save(out, "TIFF", **arguments)

            with Image.open(out) as im:
                assert isinstance(im, TiffImagePlugin.TiffImageFile)
                assert len(im.tag_v2[STRIPOFFSETS]) == 1
        finally:
            TiffImagePlugin.STRIP_SIZE = 65536

    @pytest.mark.parametrize("compression", ("tiff_adobe_deflate", None))
    def test_save_zero(self, compression: str | None, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
        im = Image.new("RGB", (0, 0))
        out = str(tmp_path / "temp.tif")
        with pytest.raises(SystemError):
            im.save(out, compression=compression)

    def test_save_many_compressed(self, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
        im = hopper()
        out = str(tmp_path / "temp.tif")
        for _ in range(10000):
            im.save(out, compression="jpeg")

    @pytest.mark.parametrize(
        "path, sizes",
        (
            ("Tests/images/hopper.tif", ()),
            ("Tests/images/child_ifd.tiff", (16, 8)),
            ("Tests/images/child_ifd_jpeg.tiff", (20,)),
        ),
    )
    def test_get_child_images(self, path: str, sizes: tuple[int, ...]) -> None:
        with Image.open(path) as im:
            ims = im.get_child_images()

        assert len(ims) == len(sizes)
        for i, im in enumerate(ims):
            w = sizes[i]
            expected = Image.new("RGB", (w, w), "#f00")
            assert_image_similar(im, expected, 1)