Pillow/Tests/test_file_jpeg.py

from __future__ import annotations

import os
import re
import warnings
from io import BytesIO
from pathlib import Path
from types import ModuleType
from typing import Any, cast

import pytest

from PIL import (
    ExifTags,
    Image,
    ImageFile,
    ImageOps,
    JpegImagePlugin,
    UnidentifiedImageError,
    features,
)

from .helper import (
    assert_image,
    assert_image_equal,
    assert_image_equal_tofile,
    assert_image_similar,
    assert_image_similar_tofile,
    cjpeg_available,
    djpeg_available,
    hopper,
    is_win32,
    mark_if_feature_version,
    skip_unless_feature,
)

ElementTree: ModuleType | None
try:
    from defusedxml import ElementTree
except ImportError:
    ElementTree = None

TEST_FILE = "Tests/images/hopper.jpg"


@skip_unless_feature("jpg")
class TestFileJpeg:
    def roundtrip_with_bytes(
        self, im: Image.Image, **options: Any
    ) -> tuple[JpegImagePlugin.JpegImageFile, int]:
        out = BytesIO()
        im.save(out, "JPEG", **options)
        test_bytes = out.tell()
        out.seek(0)
        reloaded = cast(JpegImagePlugin.JpegImageFile, Image.open(out))
        return reloaded, test_bytes

    def roundtrip(
        self, im: Image.Image, **options: Any
    ) -> JpegImagePlugin.JpegImageFile:
        return self.roundtrip_with_bytes(im, **options)[0]

    def gen_random_image(self, size: tuple[int, int], mode: str = "RGB") -> Image.Image:
        """Generates a very hard to compress file
        :param size: tuple
        :param mode: optional image mode

        """
        return Image.frombytes(mode, size, os.urandom(size[0] * size[1] * len(mode)))

    def test_sanity(self) -> None:
        # internal version number
        version = features.version_codec("jpg")
        assert version is not None
        assert re.search(r"\d+\.\d+$", version)

        with Image.open(TEST_FILE) as im:
            im.load()
            assert im.mode == "RGB"
            assert im.size == (128, 128)
            assert im.format == "JPEG"
            assert im.get_format_mimetype() == "image/jpeg"

    @pytest.mark.parametrize("size", ((1, 0), (0, 1), (0, 0)))
    def test_zero(self, size: tuple[int, int], tmp_path: Path) -> None:
        f = str(tmp_path / "temp.jpg")
        im = Image.new("RGB", size)
        with pytest.raises(ValueError):
            im.save(f)

    def test_app(self) -> None:
        # Test APP/COM reader (@PIL135)
        with Image.open(TEST_FILE) as im:
            assert im.applist[0] == ("APP0", b"JFIF\x00\x01\x01\x01\x00`\x00`\x00\x00")
            assert im.applist[1] == (
                "COM",
                b"File written by Adobe Photoshop\xa8 4.0\x00",
            )
            assert len(im.applist) == 2

            assert im.info["comment"] == b"File written by Adobe Photoshop\xa8 4.0\x00"
            assert im.app["COM"] == im.info["comment"]

    def test_comment_write(self) -> None:
        with Image.open(TEST_FILE) as im:
            assert im.info["comment"] == b"File written by Adobe Photoshop\xa8 4.0\x00"

            # Test that existing comment is saved by default
            out = BytesIO()
            im.save(out, format="JPEG")
            with Image.open(out) as reloaded:
                assert im.info["comment"] == reloaded.info["comment"]

            # Ensure that a blank comment causes any existing comment to be removed
            for comment in ("", b"", None):
                out = BytesIO()
                im.save(out, format="JPEG", comment=comment)
                with Image.open(out) as reloaded:
                    assert "comment" not in reloaded.info

            # Test that a comment argument overrides the default comment
            for comment in ("Test comment text", b"Test comment text"):
                out = BytesIO()
                im.save(out, format="JPEG", comment=comment)
                with Image.open(out) as reloaded:
                    assert reloaded.info["comment"] == b"Test comment text"

    def test_cmyk(self) -> None:
        # Test CMYK handling.  Thanks to Tim and Charlie for test data,
        # Michael for getting me to look one more time.
        f = "Tests/images/pil_sample_cmyk.jpg"
        with Image.open(f) as im:
            # the source image has red pixels in the upper left corner.
            c, m, y, k = (x / 255.0 for x in im.getpixel((0, 0)))
            assert c == 0.0
            assert m > 0.8
            assert y > 0.8
            assert k == 0.0
            # the opposite corner is black
            c, m, y, k = (
                x / 255.0 for x in im.getpixel((im.size[0] - 1, im.size[1] - 1))
            )
            assert k > 0.9
            # roundtrip, and check again
            im = self.roundtrip(im)
            c, m, y, k = (x / 255.0 for x in im.getpixel((0, 0)))
            assert c == 0.0
            assert m > 0.8
            assert y > 0.8
            assert k == 0.0
            c, m, y, k = (
                x / 255.0 for x in im.getpixel((im.size[0] - 1, im.size[1] - 1))
            )
            assert k > 0.9

    def test_rgb(self) -> None:
        def getchannels(im: JpegImagePlugin.JpegImageFile) -> tuple[int, int, int]:
            return tuple(v[0] for v in im.layer)

        im = hopper()
        im_ycbcr = self.roundtrip(im)
        assert getchannels(im_ycbcr) == (1, 2, 3)
        assert_image_similar(im, im_ycbcr, 17)

        im_rgb = self.roundtrip(im, keep_rgb=True)
        assert getchannels(im_rgb) == (ord("R"), ord("G"), ord("B"))
        assert_image_similar(im, im_rgb, 12)

    @pytest.mark.parametrize(
        "test_image_path",
        [TEST_FILE, "Tests/images/pil_sample_cmyk.jpg"],
    )
    def test_dpi(self, test_image_path: str) -> None:
        def test(xdpi: int, ydpi: int | None = None) -> tuple[int, int] | None:
            with Image.open(test_image_path) as im:
                im = self.roundtrip(im, dpi=(xdpi, ydpi or xdpi))
            return im.info.get("dpi")

        assert test(72) == (72, 72)
        assert test(300) == (300, 300)
        assert test(100, 200) == (100, 200)
        assert test(0) is None  # square pixels

    @mark_if_feature_version(
        pytest.mark.valgrind_known_error, "libjpeg_turbo", "2.0", reason="Known Failing"
    )
    def test_icc(self, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
        # Test ICC support
        with Image.open("Tests/images/rgb.jpg") as im1:
            icc_profile = im1.info["icc_profile"]
            assert len(icc_profile) == 3144
            # Roundtrip via physical file.
            f = str(tmp_path / "temp.jpg")
            im1.save(f, icc_profile=icc_profile)
        with Image.open(f) as im2:
            assert im2.info.get("icc_profile") == icc_profile
            # Roundtrip via memory buffer.
            im1 = self.roundtrip(hopper())
            im2 = self.roundtrip(hopper(), icc_profile=icc_profile)
            assert_image_equal(im1, im2)
            assert not im1.info.get("icc_profile")
            assert im2.info.get("icc_profile")

    @pytest.mark.parametrize(
        "n",
        (
            0,
            1,
            3,
            4,
            5,
            65533 - 14,  # full JPEG marker block
            65533 - 14 + 1,  # full block plus one byte
            ImageFile.MAXBLOCK,  # full buffer block
            ImageFile.MAXBLOCK + 1,  # full buffer block plus one byte
            ImageFile.MAXBLOCK * 4 + 3,  # large block
        ),
    )
    def test_icc_big(self, n: int) -> None:
        # Make sure that the "extra" support handles large blocks
        # The ICC APP marker can store 65519 bytes per marker, so
        # using a 4-byte test code should allow us to detect out of
        # order issues.
        icc_profile = (b"Test" * int(n / 4 + 1))[:n]
        assert len(icc_profile) == n  # sanity
        im1 = self.roundtrip(hopper(), icc_profile=icc_profile)
        assert im1.info.get("icc_profile") == (icc_profile or None)

    @mark_if_feature_version(
        pytest.mark.valgrind_known_error, "libjpeg_turbo", "2.0", reason="Known Failing"
    )
    def test_large_icc_meta(self, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
        # https://github.com/python-pillow/Pillow/issues/148
        # Sometimes the meta data on the icc_profile block is bigger than
        # Image.MAXBLOCK or the image size.
        with Image.open("Tests/images/icc_profile_big.jpg") as im:
            f = str(tmp_path / "temp.jpg")
            icc_profile = im.info["icc_profile"]
            # Should not raise OSError for image with icc larger than image size.
            im.save(
                f,
                progressive=True,
                quality=95,
                icc_profile=icc_profile,
                optimize=True,
            )

        with Image.open("Tests/images/flower2.jpg") as im:
            f = str(tmp_path / "temp2.jpg")
            im.save(f, progressive=True, quality=94, icc_profile=b" " * 53955)

        with Image.open("Tests/images/flower2.jpg") as im:
            f = str(tmp_path / "temp3.jpg")
            im.save(f, progressive=True, quality=94, exif=b" " * 43668)

    def test_optimize(self) -> None:
        im1, im1_bytes = self.roundtrip_with_bytes(hopper())
        im2, im2_bytes = self.roundtrip_with_bytes(hopper(), optimize=0)
        im3, im3_bytes = self.roundtrip_with_bytes(hopper(), optimize=1)
        assert_image_equal(im1, im2)
        assert_image_equal(im1, im3)
        assert im1_bytes >= im2_bytes
        assert im1_bytes >= im3_bytes

    def test_optimize_large_buffer(self, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
        # https://github.com/python-pillow/Pillow/issues/148
        f = str(tmp_path / "temp.jpg")
        # this requires ~ 1.5x Image.MAXBLOCK
        im = Image.new("RGB", (4096, 4096), 0xFF3333)
        im.save(f, format="JPEG", optimize=True)

    def test_progressive(self) -> None:
        im1, im1_bytes = self.roundtrip_with_bytes(hopper())
        im2 = self.roundtrip(hopper(), progressive=False)
        im3, im3_bytes = self.roundtrip_with_bytes(hopper(), progressive=True)
        assert not im1.info.get("progressive")
        assert not im2.info.get("progressive")
        assert im3.info.get("progressive")

        assert_image_equal(im1, im3)
        assert im1_bytes >= im3_bytes

    def test_progressive_large_buffer(self, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
        f = str(tmp_path / "temp.jpg")
        # this requires ~ 1.5x Image.MAXBLOCK
        im = Image.new("RGB", (4096, 4096), 0xFF3333)
        im.save(f, format="JPEG", progressive=True)

    def test_progressive_large_buffer_highest_quality(self, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
        f = str(tmp_path / "temp.jpg")
        im = self.gen_random_image((255, 255))
        # this requires more bytes than pixels in the image
        im.save(f, format="JPEG", progressive=True, quality=100)

    def test_progressive_cmyk_buffer(self) -> None:
        # Issue 2272, quality 90 cmyk image is tripping the large buffer bug.
        f = BytesIO()
        im = self.gen_random_image((256, 256), "CMYK")
        im.save(f, format="JPEG", progressive=True, quality=94)

    def test_large_exif(self, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
        # https://github.com/python-pillow/Pillow/issues/148
        f = str(tmp_path / "temp.jpg")
        im = hopper()
        im.save(f, "JPEG", quality=90, exif=b"1" * 65533)

        with pytest.raises(ValueError):
            im.save(f, "JPEG", quality=90, exif=b"1" * 65534)

    def test_exif_typeerror(self) -> None:
        with Image.open("Tests/images/exif_typeerror.jpg") as im:
            # Should not raise a TypeError
            im._getexif()

    def test_exif_gps(self, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
        expected_exif_gps = {
            0: b"\x00\x00\x00\x01",
            2: 4294967295,
            5: b"\x01",
            30: 65535,
            29: "1999:99:99 99:99:99",
        }
        gps_index = 34853

        # Reading
        with Image.open("Tests/images/exif_gps.jpg") as im:
            exif = im._getexif()
            assert exif[gps_index] == expected_exif_gps

        # Writing
        f = str(tmp_path / "temp.jpg")
        exif = Image.Exif()
        exif[gps_index] = expected_exif_gps
        hopper().save(f, exif=exif)

        with Image.open(f) as reloaded:
            exif = reloaded._getexif()
            assert exif[gps_index] == expected_exif_gps

    def test_empty_exif_gps(self) -> None:
        with Image.open("Tests/images/empty_gps_ifd.jpg") as im:
            exif = im.getexif()
            del exif[0x8769]

            # Assert that it needs to be transposed
            assert exif[0x0112] == Image.Transpose.TRANSVERSE

            # Assert that the GPS IFD is present and empty
            assert exif.get_ifd(0x8825) == {}

            transposed = ImageOps.exif_transpose(im)
        assert transposed is not None
        exif = transposed.getexif()
        assert exif.get_ifd(0x8825) == {}

        # Assert that it was transposed
        assert 0x0112 not in exif

    def test_exif_equality(self) -> None:
        # In 7.2.0, Exif rationals were changed to be read as
        # TiffImagePlugin.IFDRational. This class had a bug in __eq__,
        # breaking the self-equality of Exif data
        exifs = []
        for i in range(2):
            with Image.open("Tests/images/exif-200dpcm.jpg") as im:
                exifs.append(im._getexif())
        assert exifs[0] == exifs[1]

    def test_exif_rollback(self) -> None:
        # rolling back exif support in 3.1 to pre-3.0 formatting.
        # expected from 2.9, with b/u qualifiers switched for 3.2 compatibility
        # this test passes on 2.9 and 3.1, but not 3.0
        expected_exif = {
            34867: 4294967295,
            258: (24, 24, 24),
            36867: "2099:09:29 10:10:10",
            34853: {
                0: b"\x00\x00\x00\x01",
                2: 4294967295,
                5: b"\x01",
                30: 65535,
                29: "1999:99:99 99:99:99",
            },
            296: 65535,
            34665: 185,
            41994: 65535,
            514: 4294967295,
            271: "Make",
            272: "XXX-XXX",
            305: "PIL",
            42034: (1, 1, 1, 1),
            42035: "LensMake",
            34856: b"\xaa\xaa\xaa\xaa\xaa\xaa",
            282: 4294967295,
            33434: 4294967295,
        }

        with Image.open("Tests/images/exif_gps.jpg") as im:
            exif = im._getexif()

        for tag, value in expected_exif.items():
            assert value == exif[tag]

    def test_exif_gps_typeerror(self) -> None:
        with Image.open("Tests/images/exif_gps_typeerror.jpg") as im:
            # Should not raise a TypeError
            im._getexif()

    def test_progressive_compat(self) -> None:
        im1 = self.roundtrip(hopper())
        assert not im1.info.get("progressive")
        assert not im1.info.get("progression")

        im2 = self.roundtrip(hopper(), progressive=0)
        im3 = self.roundtrip(hopper(), progression=0)  # compatibility
        assert not im2.info.get("progressive")
        assert not im2.info.get("progression")
        assert not im3.info.get("progressive")
        assert not im3.info.get("progression")

        im2 = self.roundtrip(hopper(), progressive=1)
        im3 = self.roundtrip(hopper(), progression=1)  # compatibility
        assert_image_equal(im1, im2)
        assert_image_equal(im1, im3)
        assert im2.info.get("progressive")
        assert im2.info.get("progression")
        assert im3.info.get("progressive")
        assert im3.info.get("progression")

    def test_quality(self) -> None:
        im1, im1_bytes = self.roundtrip_with_bytes(hopper())
        im2, im2_bytes = self.roundtrip_with_bytes(hopper(), quality=50)
        assert_image(im1, im2.mode, im2.size)
        assert im1_bytes >= im2_bytes

        im3, im3_bytes = self.roundtrip_with_bytes(hopper(), quality=0)
        assert_image(im1, im3.mode, im3.size)
        assert im2_bytes > im3_bytes

    def test_smooth(self) -> None:
        im1 = self.roundtrip(hopper())
        im2 = self.roundtrip(hopper(), smooth=100)
        assert_image(im1, im2.mode, im2.size)

    def test_subsampling(self) -> None:
        def getsampling(im: JpegImagePlugin.JpegImageFile):
            layer = im.layer
            return layer[0][1:3] + layer[1][1:3] + layer[2][1:3]

        # experimental API
        for subsampling in (-1, 3):  # (default, invalid)
            im = self.roundtrip(hopper(), subsampling=subsampling)
            assert getsampling(im) == (2, 2, 1, 1, 1, 1)
        for subsampling1 in (0, "4:4:4"):
            im = self.roundtrip(hopper(), subsampling=subsampling1)
            assert getsampling(im) == (1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1)
        for subsampling1 in (1, "4:2:2"):
            im = self.roundtrip(hopper(), subsampling=subsampling1)
            assert getsampling(im) == (2, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1)
        for subsampling1 in (2, "4:2:0", "4:1:1"):
            im = self.roundtrip(hopper(), subsampling=subsampling1)
            assert getsampling(im) == (2, 2, 1, 1, 1, 1)

        # RGB colorspace
        for subsampling1 in (-1, 0, "4:4:4"):
            # "4:4:4" doesn't really make sense for RGB, but the conversion
            # to an integer happens at a higher level
            im = self.roundtrip(hopper(), keep_rgb=True, subsampling=subsampling1)
            assert getsampling(im) == (1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1)
        for subsampling1 in (1, "4:2:2", 2, "4:2:0", 3):
            with pytest.raises(OSError):
                self.roundtrip(hopper(), keep_rgb=True, subsampling=subsampling1)

        with pytest.raises(TypeError):
            self.roundtrip(hopper(), subsampling="1:1:1")

    def test_exif(self) -> None:
        with Image.open("Tests/images/pil_sample_rgb.jpg") as im:
            info = im._getexif()
            assert info[305] == "Adobe Photoshop CS Macintosh"

    def test_get_child_images(self) -> None:
        with Image.open("Tests/images/flower.jpg") as im:
            ims = im.get_child_images()

        assert len(ims) == 1
        assert_image_similar_tofile(ims[0], "Tests/images/flower_thumbnail.png", 2.1)

    def test_mp(self) -> None:
        with Image.open("Tests/images/pil_sample_rgb.jpg") as im:
            assert im._getmp() is None

    def test_quality_keep(self, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
        # RGB
        with Image.open("Tests/images/hopper.jpg") as im:
            f = str(tmp_path / "temp.jpg")
            im.save(f, quality="keep")
        # Grayscale
        with Image.open("Tests/images/hopper_gray.jpg") as im:
            f = str(tmp_path / "temp.jpg")
            im.save(f, quality="keep")
        # CMYK
        with Image.open("Tests/images/pil_sample_cmyk.jpg") as im:
            f = str(tmp_path / "temp.jpg")
            im.save(f, quality="keep")

    def test_junk_jpeg_header(self) -> None:
        # https://github.com/python-pillow/Pillow/issues/630
        filename = "Tests/images/junk_jpeg_header.jpg"
        with Image.open(filename):
            pass

    def test_ff00_jpeg_header(self) -> None:
        filename = "Tests/images/jpeg_ff00_header.jpg"
        with Image.open(filename):
            pass

    @mark_if_feature_version(
        pytest.mark.valgrind_known_error, "libjpeg_turbo", "2.0", reason="Known Failing"
    )
    def test_truncated_jpeg_should_read_all_the_data(self) -> None:
        filename = "Tests/images/truncated_jpeg.jpg"
        ImageFile.LOAD_TRUNCATED_IMAGES = True
        with Image.open(filename) as im:
            im.load()
            ImageFile.LOAD_TRUNCATED_IMAGES = False
            assert im.getbbox() is not None

    def test_truncated_jpeg_throws_oserror(self) -> None:
        filename = "Tests/images/truncated_jpeg.jpg"
        with Image.open(filename) as im:
            with pytest.raises(OSError):
                im.load()

            # Test that the error is raised if loaded a second time
            with pytest.raises(OSError):
                im.load()

    @mark_if_feature_version(
        pytest.mark.valgrind_known_error, "libjpeg_turbo", "2.0", reason="Known Failing"
    )
    def test_qtables(self, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
        def _n_qtables_helper(n: int, test_file: str) -> None:
            with Image.open(test_file) as im:
                f = str(tmp_path / "temp.jpg")
                im.save(f, qtables=[[n] * 64] * n)
            with Image.open(f) as im:
                assert len(im.quantization) == n
                reloaded = self.roundtrip(im, qtables="keep")
                assert im.quantization == reloaded.quantization
                assert max(reloaded.quantization[0]) <= 255

        with Image.open("Tests/images/hopper.jpg") as im:
            qtables = im.quantization
            reloaded = self.roundtrip(im, qtables=qtables, subsampling=0)
            assert im.quantization == reloaded.quantization
            assert_image_similar(im, self.roundtrip(im, qtables="web_low"), 30)
            assert_image_similar(im, self.roundtrip(im, qtables="web_high"), 30)
            assert_image_similar(im, self.roundtrip(im, qtables="keep"), 30)

            # valid bounds for baseline qtable
            bounds_qtable = [int(s) for s in ("255 1 " * 32).split(None)]
            im2 = self.roundtrip(im, qtables=[bounds_qtable])
            assert im2.quantization == {0: bounds_qtable}

            # values from wizard.txt in jpeg9-a src package.
            standard_l_qtable = [
                int(s)
                for s in """
                16  11  10  16  24  40  51  61
                12  12  14  19  26  58  60  55
                14  13  16  24  40  57  69  56
                14  17  22  29  51  87  80  62
                18  22  37  56  68 109 103  77
                24  35  55  64  81 104 113  92
                49  64  78  87 103 121 120 101
                72  92  95  98 112 100 103  99
                """.split(
                    None
                )
            ]

            standard_chrominance_qtable = [
                int(s)
                for s in """
                17  18  24  47  99  99  99  99
                18  21  26  66  99  99  99  99
                24  26  56  99  99  99  99  99
                47  66  99  99  99  99  99  99
                99  99  99  99  99  99  99  99
                99  99  99  99  99  99  99  99
                99  99  99  99  99  99  99  99
                99  99  99  99  99  99  99  99
                """.split(
                    None
                )
            ]
            # list of qtable lists
            assert_image_similar(
                im,
                self.roundtrip(
                    im, qtables=[standard_l_qtable, standard_chrominance_qtable]
                ),
                30,
            )

            # tuple of qtable lists
            assert_image_similar(
                im,
                self.roundtrip(
                    im, qtables=(standard_l_qtable, standard_chrominance_qtable)
                ),
                30,
            )

            # dict of qtable lists
            assert_image_similar(
                im,
                self.roundtrip(
                    im, qtables={0: standard_l_qtable, 1: standard_chrominance_qtable}
                ),
                30,
            )

            _n_qtables_helper(1, "Tests/images/hopper_gray.jpg")
            _n_qtables_helper(1, "Tests/images/pil_sample_rgb.jpg")
            _n_qtables_helper(2, "Tests/images/pil_sample_rgb.jpg")
            _n_qtables_helper(3, "Tests/images/pil_sample_rgb.jpg")
            _n_qtables_helper(1, "Tests/images/pil_sample_cmyk.jpg")
            _n_qtables_helper(2, "Tests/images/pil_sample_cmyk.jpg")
            _n_qtables_helper(3, "Tests/images/pil_sample_cmyk.jpg")
            _n_qtables_helper(4, "Tests/images/pil_sample_cmyk.jpg")

            # not a sequence
            with pytest.raises(ValueError):
                self.roundtrip(im, qtables="a")
            # sequence wrong length
            with pytest.raises(ValueError):
                self.roundtrip(im, qtables=[])
            # sequence wrong length
            with pytest.raises(ValueError):
                self.roundtrip(im, qtables=[1, 2, 3, 4, 5])

            # qtable entry not a sequence
            with pytest.raises(ValueError):
                self.roundtrip(im, qtables=[1])
            # qtable entry has wrong number of items
            with pytest.raises(ValueError):
                self.roundtrip(im, qtables=[[1, 2, 3, 4]])

    def test_load_16bit_qtables(self) -> None:
        with Image.open("Tests/images/hopper_16bit_qtables.jpg") as im:
            assert len(im.quantization) == 2
            assert len(im.quantization[0]) == 64
            assert max(im.quantization[0]) > 255

    def test_save_multiple_16bit_qtables(self) -> None:
        with Image.open("Tests/images/hopper_16bit_qtables.jpg") as im:
            im2 = self.roundtrip(im, qtables="keep")
            assert im.quantization == im2.quantization

    def test_save_single_16bit_qtable(self) -> None:
        with Image.open("Tests/images/hopper_16bit_qtables.jpg") as im:
            im2 = self.roundtrip(im, qtables={0: im.quantization[0]})
            assert len(im2.quantization) == 1
            assert im2.quantization[0] == im.quantization[0]

    def test_save_low_quality_baseline_qtables(self) -> None:
        with Image.open(TEST_FILE) as im:
            im2 = self.roundtrip(im, quality=10)
            assert len(im2.quantization) == 2
            assert max(im2.quantization[0]) <= 255
            assert max(im2.quantization[1]) <= 255

    @pytest.mark.parametrize(
        "blocks, rows, markers",
        ((0, 0, 0), (1, 0, 15), (3, 0, 5), (8, 0, 1), (0, 1, 3), (0, 2, 1)),
    )
    def test_restart_markers(self, blocks: int, rows: int, markers: int) -> None:
        im = Image.new("RGB", (32, 32))  # 16 MCUs
        out = BytesIO()
        im.save(
            out,
            format="JPEG",
            restart_marker_blocks=blocks,
            restart_marker_rows=rows,
            # force 8x8 pixel MCUs
            subsampling=0,
        )
        assert len(re.findall(b"\xff[\xd0-\xd7]", out.getvalue())) == markers

    @pytest.mark.skipif(not djpeg_available(), reason="djpeg not available")
    def test_load_djpeg(self) -> None:
        with Image.open(TEST_FILE) as img:
            img.load_djpeg()
            assert_image_similar_tofile(img, TEST_FILE, 5)

    @pytest.mark.skipif(not cjpeg_available(), reason="cjpeg not available")
    def test_save_cjpeg(self, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
        with Image.open(TEST_FILE) as img:
            tempfile = str(tmp_path / "temp.jpg")
            JpegImagePlugin._save_cjpeg(img, 0, tempfile)
            # Default save quality is 75%, so a tiny bit of difference is alright
            assert_image_similar_tofile(img, tempfile, 17)

    def test_no_duplicate_0x1001_tag(self) -> None:
        # Arrange
        tag_ids = {v: k for k, v in ExifTags.TAGS.items()}

        # Assert
        assert tag_ids["RelatedImageWidth"] == 0x1001
        assert tag_ids["RelatedImageLength"] == 0x1002

    def test_MAXBLOCK_scaling(self, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
        im = self.gen_random_image((512, 512))
        f = str(tmp_path / "temp.jpeg")
        im.save(f, quality=100, optimize=True)

        with Image.open(f) as reloaded:
            # none of these should crash
            reloaded.save(f, quality="keep")
            reloaded.save(f, quality="keep", progressive=True)
            reloaded.save(f, quality="keep", optimize=True)

    def test_bad_mpo_header(self) -> None:
        """Treat unknown MPO as JPEG"""
        # Arrange

        # Act
        # Shouldn't raise error
        fn = "Tests/images/sugarshack_bad_mpo_header.jpg"
        with pytest.warns(UserWarning, Image.open, fn) as im:
            # Assert
            assert im.format == "JPEG"

    @pytest.mark.parametrize("mode", ("1", "L", "RGB", "RGBX", "CMYK", "YCbCr"))
    def test_save_correct_modes(self, mode: str) -> None:
        out = BytesIO()
        img = Image.new(mode, (20, 20))
        img.save(out, "JPEG")

    @pytest.mark.parametrize("mode", ("LA", "La", "RGBA", "RGBa", "P"))
    def test_save_wrong_modes(self, mode: str) -> None:
        # ref https://github.com/python-pillow/Pillow/issues/2005
        out = BytesIO()
        img = Image.new(mode, (20, 20))
        with pytest.raises(OSError):
            img.save(out, "JPEG")

    def test_save_tiff_with_dpi(self, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
        # Arrange
        outfile = str(tmp_path / "temp.tif")
        with Image.open("Tests/images/hopper.tif") as im:
            # Act
            im.save(outfile, "JPEG", dpi=im.info["dpi"])

            # Assert
            with Image.open(outfile) as reloaded:
                reloaded.load()
                assert im.info["dpi"] == reloaded.info["dpi"]

    def test_save_dpi_rounding(self, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
        outfile = str(tmp_path / "temp.jpg")
        with Image.open("Tests/images/hopper.jpg") as im:
            im.save(outfile, dpi=(72.2, 72.2))

            with Image.open(outfile) as reloaded:
                assert reloaded.info["dpi"] == (72, 72)

            im.save(outfile, dpi=(72.8, 72.8))

        with Image.open(outfile) as reloaded:
            assert reloaded.info["dpi"] == (73, 73)

    def test_dpi_tuple_from_exif(self) -> None:
        # Arrange
        # This Photoshop CC 2017 image has DPI in EXIF not metadata
        # EXIF XResolution is (2000000, 10000)
        with Image.open("Tests/images/photoshop-200dpi.jpg") as im:
            # Act / Assert
            assert im.info.get("dpi") == (200, 200)

    def test_dpi_int_from_exif(self) -> None:
        # Arrange
        # This image has DPI in EXIF not metadata
        # EXIF XResolution is 72
        with Image.open("Tests/images/exif-72dpi-int.jpg") as im:
            # Act / Assert
            assert im.info.get("dpi") == (72, 72)

    def test_dpi_from_dpcm_exif(self) -> None:
        # Arrange
        # This is photoshop-200dpi.jpg with EXIF resolution unit set to cm:
        # exiftool -exif:ResolutionUnit=cm photoshop-200dpi.jpg
        with Image.open("Tests/images/exif-200dpcm.jpg") as im:
            # Act / Assert
            assert im.info.get("dpi") == (508, 508)

    def test_dpi_exif_zero_division(self) -> None:
        # Arrange
        # This is photoshop-200dpi.jpg with EXIF resolution set to 0/0:
        # exiftool -XResolution=0/0 -YResolution=0/0 photoshop-200dpi.jpg
        with Image.open("Tests/images/exif-dpi-zerodivision.jpg") as im:
            # Act / Assert
            # This should return the default, and not raise a ZeroDivisionError
            assert im.info.get("dpi") == (72, 72)

    def test_dpi_exif_string(self) -> None:
        # Arrange
        # 0x011A tag in this exif contains string '300300\x02'
        with Image.open("Tests/images/broken_exif_dpi.jpg") as im:
            # Act / Assert
            # This should return the default
            assert im.info.get("dpi") == (72, 72)

    def test_dpi_exif_truncated(self) -> None:
        # Arrange
        with Image.open("Tests/images/truncated_exif_dpi.jpg") as im:
            # Act / Assert
            # This should return the default
            assert im.info.get("dpi") == (72, 72)

    def test_no_dpi_in_exif(self) -> None:
        # Arrange
        # This is photoshop-200dpi.jpg with resolution removed from EXIF:
        # exiftool "-*resolution*"= photoshop-200dpi.jpg
        with Image.open("Tests/images/no-dpi-in-exif.jpg") as im:
            # Act / Assert
            # "When the image resolution is unknown, 72 [dpi] is designated."
            # https://web.archive.org/web/20240227115053/https://exiv2.org/tags.html
            assert im.info.get("dpi") == (72, 72)

    def test_invalid_exif(self) -> None:
        # This is no-dpi-in-exif with the tiff header of the exif block
        # hexedited from MM * to FF FF FF FF
        with Image.open("Tests/images/invalid-exif.jpg") as im:
            # This should return the default, and not a SyntaxError or
            # OSError for unidentified image.
            assert im.info.get("dpi") == (72, 72)

    @mark_if_feature_version(
        pytest.mark.valgrind_known_error, "libjpeg_turbo", "2.0", reason="Known Failing"
    )
    def test_exif_x_resolution(self, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
        with Image.open("Tests/images/flower.jpg") as im:
            exif = im.getexif()
            assert exif[282] == 180

            out = str(tmp_path / "out.jpg")
            with warnings.catch_warnings():
                im.save(out, exif=exif)

        with Image.open(out) as reloaded:
            assert reloaded.getexif()[282] == 180

    def test_invalid_exif_x_resolution(self) -> None:
        # When no x or y resolution is defined in EXIF
        with Image.open("Tests/images/invalid-exif-without-x-resolution.jpg") as im:
            # This should return the default, and not a ValueError or
            # OSError for an unidentified image.
            assert im.info.get("dpi") == (72, 72)

    def test_ifd_offset_exif(self) -> None:
        # Arrange
        # This image has been manually hexedited to have an IFD offset of 10,
        # in contrast to normal 8
        with Image.open("Tests/images/exif-ifd-offset.jpg") as im:
            # Act / Assert
            assert im._getexif()[306] == "2017:03:13 23:03:09"

    def test_multiple_exif(self) -> None:
        with Image.open("Tests/images/multiple_exif.jpg") as im:
            assert im.info["exif"] == b"Exif\x00\x00firstsecond"

    @mark_if_feature_version(
        pytest.mark.valgrind_known_error, "libjpeg_turbo", "2.0", reason="Known Failing"
    )
    def test_photoshop(self) -> None:
        with Image.open("Tests/images/photoshop-200dpi.jpg") as im:
            assert im.info["photoshop"][0x03ED] == {
                "XResolution": 200.0,
                "DisplayedUnitsX": 1,
                "YResolution": 200.0,
                "DisplayedUnitsY": 1,
            }

            # Test that the image can still load, even with broken Photoshop data
            # This image had the APP13 length hexedited to be smaller
            assert_image_equal_tofile(im, "Tests/images/photoshop-200dpi-broken.jpg")

        # This image does not contain a Photoshop header string
        with Image.open("Tests/images/app13.jpg") as im:
            assert "photoshop" not in im.info

    def test_photoshop_malformed_and_multiple(self) -> None:
        with Image.open("Tests/images/app13-multiple.jpg") as im:
            assert "photoshop" in im.info
            assert 24 == len(im.info["photoshop"])
            apps_13_lengths = [len(v) for k, v in im.applist if k == "APP13"]
            assert [65504, 24] == apps_13_lengths

    def test_adobe_transform(self) -> None:
        with Image.open("Tests/images/pil_sample_rgb.jpg") as im:
            assert im.info["adobe_transform"] == 1

        with Image.open("Tests/images/pil_sample_cmyk.jpg") as im:
            assert im.info["adobe_transform"] == 2

        # This image has been manually hexedited
        # so that the APP14 reports its length to be 11,
        # leaving no room for "adobe_transform"
        with Image.open("Tests/images/truncated_app14.jpg") as im:
            assert "adobe" in im.info
            assert "adobe_transform" not in im.info

    def test_icc_after_SOF(self) -> None:
        with Image.open("Tests/images/icc-after-SOF.jpg") as im:
            assert im.info["icc_profile"] == b"profile"

    def test_jpeg_magic_number(self) -> None:
        size = 4097
        buffer = BytesIO(b"\xFF" * size)  # Many xFF bytes
        buffer.max_pos = 0
        orig_read = buffer.read

        def read(n=-1):
            res = orig_read(n)
            buffer.max_pos = max(buffer.max_pos, buffer.tell())
            return res

        buffer.read = read
        with pytest.raises(UnidentifiedImageError):
            with Image.open(buffer):
                pass

        # Assert the entire file has not been read
        assert 0 < buffer.max_pos < size

    def test_getxmp(self) -> None:
        with Image.open("Tests/images/xmp_test.jpg") as im:
            if ElementTree is None:
                with pytest.warns(
                    UserWarning,
                    match="XMP data cannot be read without defusedxml dependency",
                ):
                    assert im.getxmp() == {}
            else:
                xmp = im.getxmp()

                description = xmp["xmpmeta"]["RDF"]["Description"]
                assert description["DerivedFrom"] == {
                    "documentID": "8367D410E636EA95B7DE7EBA1C43A412",
                    "originalDocumentID": "8367D410E636EA95B7DE7EBA1C43A412",
                }
                assert description["Look"]["Description"]["Group"]["Alt"]["li"] == {
                    "lang": "x-default",
                    "text": "Profiles",
                }
                assert description["ToneCurve"]["Seq"]["li"] == ["0, 0", "255, 255"]

                # Attribute
                assert description["Version"] == "10.4"

        if ElementTree is not None:
            with Image.open("Tests/images/hopper.jpg") as im:
                assert im.getxmp() == {}

    def test_getxmp_no_prefix(self) -> None:
        with Image.open("Tests/images/xmp_no_prefix.jpg") as im:
            if ElementTree is None:
                with pytest.warns(
                    UserWarning,
                    match="XMP data cannot be read without defusedxml dependency",
                ):
                    assert im.getxmp() == {}
            else:
                assert im.getxmp() == {"xmpmeta": {"key": "value"}}

    def test_getxmp_padded(self) -> None:
        with Image.open("Tests/images/xmp_padded.jpg") as im:
            if ElementTree is None:
                with pytest.warns(
                    UserWarning,
                    match="XMP data cannot be read without defusedxml dependency",
                ):
                    assert im.getxmp() == {}
            else:
                assert im.getxmp() == {"xmpmeta": None}

    @pytest.mark.timeout(timeout=1)
    def test_eof(self) -> None:
        # Even though this decoder never says that it is finished
        # the image should still end when there is no new data
        class InfiniteMockPyDecoder(ImageFile.PyDecoder):
            def decode(self, buffer: bytes) -> tuple[int, int]:
                return 0, 0

        Image.register_decoder("INFINITE", InfiniteMockPyDecoder)

        with Image.open(TEST_FILE) as im:
            im.tile = [
                ("INFINITE", (0, 0, 128, 128), 0, ("RGB", 0, 1)),
            ]
            ImageFile.LOAD_TRUNCATED_IMAGES = True
            im.load()
            ImageFile.LOAD_TRUNCATED_IMAGES = False

    def test_separate_tables(self) -> None:
        im = hopper()
        data = []  # [interchange, tables-only, image-only]
        for streamtype in range(3):
            out = BytesIO()
            im.save(out, format="JPEG", streamtype=streamtype)
            data.append(out.getvalue())

        # SOI, EOI
        for marker in b"\xff\xd8", b"\xff\xd9":
            assert marker in data[1] and marker in data[2]
        # DHT, DQT
        for marker in b"\xff\xc4", b"\xff\xdb":
            assert marker in data[1] and marker not in data[2]
        # SOF0, SOS, APP0 (JFIF header)
        for marker in b"\xff\xc0", b"\xff\xda", b"\xff\xe0":
            assert marker not in data[1] and marker in data[2]

        with Image.open(BytesIO(data[0])) as interchange_im:
            with Image.open(BytesIO(data[1] + data[2])) as combined_im:
                assert_image_equal(interchange_im, combined_im)

    def test_repr_jpeg(self) -> None:
        im = hopper()

        with Image.open(BytesIO(im._repr_jpeg_())) as repr_jpeg:
            assert repr_jpeg.format == "JPEG"
            assert_image_similar(im, repr_jpeg, 17)

    def test_repr_jpeg_error_returns_none(self) -> None:
        im = hopper("F")

        assert im._repr_jpeg_() is None


@pytest.mark.skipif(not is_win32(), reason="Windows only")
@skip_unless_feature("jpg")
class TestFileCloseW32:
    def test_fd_leak(self, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
        tmpfile = str(tmp_path / "temp.jpg")

        with Image.open("Tests/images/hopper.jpg") as im:
            im.save(tmpfile)

        im = Image.open(tmpfile)
        fp = im.fp
        assert not fp.closed
        with pytest.raises(OSError):
            os.remove(tmpfile)
        im.load()
        assert fp.closed
        # this should not fail, as load should have closed the file.
        os.remove(tmpfile)