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< span class = "label label-info" > schemas.py< / span >
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< h1 id = "schema" > < a class = "toclink" href = "#schema" > Schema< / a > < / h1 >
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< blockquote >
< p > A machine-readable [schema] describes what resources are available via the API, what their URLs are, how they are represented and what operations they support.< / p >
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< p > — Heroku, [JSON Schema for the Heroku Platform API][cite]< / p >
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< / blockquote >
< p > API schemas are a useful tool that allow for a range of use cases, including
generating reference documentation, or driving dynamic client libraries that
can interact with your API.< / p >
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< p > Django REST Framework provides support for automatic generation of
< a href = "https://github.com/OAI/OpenAPI-Specification" > OpenAPI< / a > schemas.< / p >
< h2 id = "generating-an-openapi-schema" > < a class = "toclink" href = "#generating-an-openapi-schema" > Generating an OpenAPI Schema< / a > < / h2 >
< h3 id = "install-pyyaml" > < a class = "toclink" href = "#install-pyyaml" > Install < code > pyyaml< / code > < / a > < / h3 >
< p > You'll need to install < code > pyyaml< / code > , so that you can render your generated schema
into the commonly used YAML-based OpenAPI format.< / p >
< pre > < code > pip install pyyaml
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< / code > < / pre >
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< h3 id = "generating-a-static-schema-with-the-generateschema-management-command" > < a class = "toclink" href = "#generating-a-static-schema-with-the-generateschema-management-command" > Generating a static schema with the < code > generateschema< / code > management command< / a > < / h3 >
< p > If your schema is static, you can use the < code > generateschema< / code > management command:< / p >
< pre > < code class = "bash" > ./manage.py generateschema > openapi-schema.yml
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< / code > < / pre >
< p > Once you've generated a schema in this way you can annotate it with any
additional information that cannot be automatically inferred by the schema
generator.< / p >
< p > You might want to check your API schema into version control and update it
with each new release, or serve the API schema from your site's static media.< / p >
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< h3 id = "generating-a-dynamic-schema-with-schemaview" > < a class = "toclink" href = "#generating-a-dynamic-schema-with-schemaview" > Generating a dynamic schema with < code > SchemaView< / code > < / a > < / h3 >
< p > If you require a dynamic schema, because foreign key choices depend on database
values, for example, you can route a < code > SchemaView< / code > that will generate and serve
your schema on demand.< / p >
< p > To route a < code > SchemaView< / code > , use the < code > get_schema_view()< / code > helper.< / p >
< p > In < code > urls.py< / code > :< / p >
< pre > < code class = "python" > from rest_framework.schemas import get_schema_view()
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urlpatterns = [
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# ...
# Use the `get_schema_view()` helper to add a `SchemaView` to project URLs.
# * `title` and `description` parameters are passed to `SchemaGenerator`.
# * Provide view name for use with `reverse()`.
path('openapi', get_schema_view(
title=" Your Project" ,
description=" API for all things …"
), name='openapi-schema'),
# ...
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]
< / code > < / pre >
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< h4 id = "get_schema_view" > < a class = "toclink" href = "#get_schema_view" > < code > get_schema_view()< / code > < / a > < / h4 >
< p > The < code > get_schema_view()< / code > helper takes the following keyword arguments:< / p >
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< ul >
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< li > < code > title< / code > : May be used to provide a descriptive title for the schema definition.< / li >
< li > < code > description< / code > : Longer descriptive text.< / li >
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< li >
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< p > < code > url< / code > : May be used to pass a canonical base URL for the schema.< / p >
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< pre > < code > schema_view = get_schema_view(
title='Server Monitoring API',
url='https://www.example.org/api/'
)
< / code > < / pre >
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< / li >
< li >
< p > < code > urlconf< / code > : A string representing the import path to the URL conf that you want
to generate an API schema for. This defaults to the value of Django's
< code > ROOT_URLCONF< / code > setting.< / p >
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< pre > < code > schema_view = get_schema_view(
title='Server Monitoring API',
url='https://www.example.org/api/',
urlconf='myproject.urls'
)
< / code > < / pre >
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< ul >
< li >
< p > < code > patterns< / code > : List of url patterns to limit the schema introspection to. If you
only want the < code > myproject.api< / code > urls to be exposed in the schema:< / p >
< p > schema_url_patterns = [
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url(r'^api/', include('myproject.api.urls')),
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]< / p >
< p > schema_view = get_schema_view(
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title='Server Monitoring API',
url='https://www.example.org/api/',
patterns=schema_url_patterns,
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)< / p >
< / li >
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< / ul >
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< / li >
< li >
< p > < code > generator_class< / code > : May be used to specify a < code > SchemaGenerator< / code > subclass to be
passed to the < code > SchemaView< / code > .< / p >
< / li >
< li > < code > authentication_classes< / code > : May be used to specify the list of authentication
classes that will apply to the schema endpoint. Defaults to
< code > settings.DEFAULT_AUTHENTICATION_CLASSES< / code > < / li >
< li > < code > permission_classes< / code > : May be used to specify the list of permission classes
that will apply to the schema endpoint. Defaults to
< code > settings.DEFAULT_PERMISSION_CLASSES< / code > .< / li >
< li > < code > renderer_classes< / code > : May be used to pass the set of renderer classes that can
be used to render the API root endpoint.< / li >
< / ul >
< h2 id = "customizing-schema-generation" > < a class = "toclink" href = "#customizing-schema-generation" > Customizing Schema Generation< / a > < / h2 >
< p > You may customize schema generation at the level of the schema as a whole, or
on a per-view basis.< / p >
< h3 id = "schema-level-customization" > < a class = "toclink" href = "#schema-level-customization" > Schema Level Customization< / a > < / h3 >
< p > In order to customize the top-level schema sublass
< code > rest_framework.schemas.openapi.SchemaGenerator< / code > and provide it as an argument
to the < code > generateschema< / code > command or < code > get_schema_view()< / code > helper function.< / p >
< h4 id = "schemagenerator" > < a class = "toclink" href = "#schemagenerator" > SchemaGenerator< / a > < / h4 >
< p > A class that walks a list of routed URL patterns, requests the schema for each
view and collates the resulting OpenAPI schema.< / p >
< p > Typically you'll instantiate < code > SchemaGenerator< / code > with a < code > title< / code > argument, like so:< / p >
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< pre > < code > generator = SchemaGenerator(title='Stock Prices API')
< / code > < / pre >
< p > Arguments:< / p >
< ul >
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< li > < code > title< / code > < strong > required< / strong > : The name of the API.< / li >
< li > < code > description< / code > : Longer descriptive text.< / li >
< li > < code > url< / code > : The root URL of the API schema. This option is not required unless the schema is included under path prefix.< / li >
< li > < code > patterns< / code > : A list of URLs to inspect when generating the schema. Defaults to the project's URL conf.< / li >
< li > < code > urlconf< / code > : A URL conf module name to use when generating the schema. Defaults to < code > settings.ROOT_URLCONF< / code > .< / li >
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< / ul >
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< h5 id = "get_schemaself-request" > < a class = "toclink" href = "#get_schemaself-request" > get_schema(self, request)< / a > < / h5 >
< p > Returns a dictionary that represents the OpenAPI schema:< / p >
< pre > < code > generator = SchemaGenerator(title='Stock Prices API')
schema = generator.get_schema()
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< / code > < / pre >
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< p > The < code > request< / code > argument is optional, and may be used if you want to apply
per-user permissions to the resulting schema generation.< / p >
< p > This is a good point to override if you want to customise the generated
dictionary, for example to add custom
< a href = "https://github.com/OAI/OpenAPI-Specification/blob/master/versions/3.0.2.md#specification-extensions" > specification extensions< / a > .< / p >
< h3 id = "per-view-customization" > < a class = "toclink" href = "#per-view-customization" > Per-View Customization< / a > < / h3 >
< p > By default, view introspection is performed by an < code > AutoSchema< / code > instance
accessible via the < code > schema< / code > attribute on < code > APIView< / code > . This provides the
appropriate < a href = "https://github.com/OAI/OpenAPI-Specification/blob/master/versions/3.0.2.md#operationObject" > Open API operation object< / a > for the view,
request method and path:< / p >
< pre > < code > auto_schema = view.schema
operation = auto_schema.get_operation(...)
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< / code > < / pre >
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< p > In compiling the schema, < code > SchemaGenerator< / code > calls < code > view.schema.get_operation()< / code >
for each view, allowed method, and path.< / p >
< hr / >
< p > < strong > Note< / strong > : For basic < code > APIView< / code > subclasses, default introspection is essentially
limited to the URL kwarg path parameters. For < code > GenericAPIView< / code >
subclasses, which includes all the provided class based views, < code > AutoSchema< / code > will
attempt to introspect serialiser, pagination and filter fields, as well as
provide richer path field descriptions. (The key hooks here are the relevant
< code > GenericAPIView< / code > attributes and methods: < code > get_serializer< / code > , < code > pagination_class< / code > ,
< code > filter_backends< / code > and so on.)< / p >
< hr / >
< p > In order to customise the operation generation, you should provide an < code > AutoSchema< / code > subclass, overriding < code > get_operation()< / code > as you need:< / p >
< pre > < code > from rest_framework.views import APIView
from rest_framework.schemas.openapi import AutoSchema
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class CustomSchema(AutoSchema):
def get_link(...):
# Implement custom introspection here (or in other sub-methods)
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class CustomView(APIView):
"""APIView subclass with custom schema introspection."""
schema = CustomSchema()
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< / code > < / pre >
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< p > This provides complete control over view introspection.< / p >
< p > You may disable schema generation for a view by setting < code > schema< / code > to < code > None< / code > :< / p >
< pre > < code > class CustomView(APIView):
...
schema = None # Will not appear in schema
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< / code > < / pre >
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< p > This also applies to extra actions for < code > ViewSet< / code > s:< / p >
< pre > < code > class CustomViewSet(viewsets.ModelViewSet):
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@action(detail=True, schema=None)
def extra_action(self, request, pk=None):
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...
< / code > < / pre >
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< p > If you wish to provide a base < code > AutoSchema< / code > subclass to be used throughout your
project you may adjust < code > settings.DEFAULT_SCHEMA_CLASS< / code > appropriately.< / p >
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