spaCy/website/usage/_processing-pipelines/_pipelines.jade

//- 💫 DOCS > USAGE > PROCESSING PIPELINES > PIPELINES

p
    |  spaCy makes it very easy to create your own pipelines consisting of
    |  reusable components – this includes spaCy's default tagger,
    |  parser and entity recognizer, but also your own custom processing
    |  functions. A pipeline component can be added to an already existing
    |  #[code nlp] object, specified when initialising a #[code Language] class,
    |  or defined within a
    |  #[+a("/usage/training#saving-loading") model package].

p
    |  When you load a model, spaCy first consults the model's
    |  #[+a("/usage/training#saving-loading") #[code meta.json]]. The
    |  meta typically includes the model details, the ID of a language class,
    |  and an optional list of pipeline components. spaCy then does the
    |  following:

+aside-code("meta.json (excerpt)", "json").
    {
        "name": "example_model",
        "lang": "en"
        "description": "Example model for spaCy",
        "pipeline": ["tagger", "parser"]
    }

+list("numbers")
    +item
        |  Load the #[strong language class and data] for the given ID via
        |  #[+api("top-level#util.get_lang_class") #[code get_lang_class]] and initialise
        |  it. The #[code Language] class contains the shared vocabulary,
        |  tokenization rules and the language-specific annotation scheme.
    +item
        |  Iterate over the #[strong pipeline names] and create each component
        |  using #[+api("language#create_pipe") #[code create_pipe]], which
        |  looks them up in #[code Language.factories].
    +item
        |  Add each pipeline component to the pipeline in order, using
        |  #[+api("language#add_pipe") #[code add_pipe]].
    +item
        |  Make the #[strong model data] available to the #[code Language] class
        |  by calling #[+api("language#from_disk") #[code from_disk]] with the
        |  path to the model data directory.

p
    |  So when you call this...

+code.
    nlp = spacy.load('en')

p
    | ... the model tells spaCy to use the language #[code "en"] and the
    |  pipeline #[code.u-break ["tagger", "parser", "ner"]]. spaCy will then
    |  initialise #[code spacy.lang.en.English], and create each pipeline
    |  component and add it to the processing pipeline. It'll then load in the
    |  model's data from its data directory and return the modified
    |  #[code Language] class for you to use as the #[code nlp] object.

p
    |  Fundamentally, a #[+a("/models") spaCy model] consists of three
    |  components: #[strong the weights], i.e. binary data loaded in from a
    |  directory, a #[strong pipeline] of functions called in order,
    |  and #[strong language data] like the tokenization rules and annotation
    |  scheme. All of this is specific to each model, and defined in the
    |  model's #[code meta.json] – for example, a Spanish NER model requires
    |  different weights, language data and pipeline components than an English
    |  parsing and tagging model. This is also why the pipeline state is always
    |  held by the #[code Language] class.
    |  #[+api("spacy#load") #[code spacy.load]] puts this all together and
    |  returns an instance of #[code Language]  with a pipeline set and access
    |  to the binary data:

+code("spacy.load under the hood").
    lang = 'en'
    pipeline = ['tagger', 'parser', 'ner']
    data_path = 'path/to/en_core_web_sm/en_core_web_sm-2.0.0'

    cls = spacy.util.get_lang_class(lang)   # 1. get Language instance, e.g. English()
    nlp = cls()                             # 2. initialise it
    for name in pipeline:
        component = nlp.create_pipe(name)   # 3. create the pipeline components
        nlp.add_pipe(component)             # 4. add the component to the pipeline
    nlp.from_disk(model_data_path)          # 5. load in the binary data

p
    |  When you call #[code nlp] on a text, spaCy will #[strong tokenize] it and
    |  then #[strong call each component] on the #[code Doc], in order.
    |  Since the model data is loaded, the components can access it to assign
    |  annotations to the #[code Doc] object, and subsequently to the
    |  #[code Token] and #[code Span] which are only views of the #[code Doc],
    |  and don't own any data themselves. All components return the modified
    |  document, which is then processed by the component next in the pipeline.

+code("The pipeline under the hood").
    doc = nlp.make_doc(u'This is a sentence')   # create a Doc from raw text
    for name, proc in nlp.pipeline:             # iterate over components in order
        doc = proc(doc)                         # apply each component

p
    |  The current processing pipeline is available as #[code nlp.pipeline],
    |  which returns a list of #[code (name, component)] tuples, or
    |  #[code nlp.pipe_names], which only returns a list of human-readable
    |  component names.

+code.
    nlp.pipeline
    # [('tagger', <spacy.pipeline.Tagger>), ('parser', <spacy.pipeline.DependencyParser>), ('ner', <spacy.pipeline.EntityRecognizer>)]
    nlp.pipe_names
    # ['tagger', 'parser', 'ner']

+h(3, "disabling") Disabling and modifying pipeline components

p
    |  If you don't need a particular component of the pipeline – for
    |  example, the tagger or the parser, you can disable loading it. This can
    |  sometimes make a big difference and improve loading speed. Disabled
    |  component names can be provided to #[+api("spacy#load") #[code spacy.load()]],
    |  #[+api("language#from_disk") #[code Language.from_disk()]] or the
    |  #[code nlp] object itself as a list:

+code.
    nlp = spacy.load('en', disable=['parser', 'tagger'])
    nlp = English().from_disk('/model', disable=['ner'])

p
    |  You can also use the #[+api("language#remove_pipe") #[code remove_pipe]]
    |  method to remove pipeline components from an existing pipeline, the
    |  #[+api("language#rename_pipe") #[code rename_pipe]] method to rename them,
    |  or the #[+api("language#replace_pipe") #[code replace_pipe]] method
    |  to replace them with a custom component entirely (more details on this
    |  in the section on #[+a("#custom-components") custom components].

+code.
    nlp.remove_pipe('parser')
    nlp.rename_pipe('ner', 'entityrecognizer')
    nlp.replace_pipe('tagger', my_custom_tagger)

+infobox("Important note: disabling pipeline components")
    .o-block
        |  Since spaCy v2.0 comes with better support for customising the
        |  processing pipeline components, the #[code parser], #[code tagger]
        |  and #[code entity] keyword arguments have been replaced with
        |  #[code disable], which takes a list of pipeline component names.
        |  This lets you disable pre-defined components when loading
        |  a model, or initialising a Language class via
        |  #[+api("language#from_disk") #[code from_disk]].

    +code-new.
        nlp = spacy.load('en', disable=['ner'])
        nlp.remove_pipe('parser')
        doc = nlp(u"I don't want parsed")
    +code-old.
        nlp = spacy.load('en', tagger=False, entity=False)
        doc = nlp(u"I don't want parsed", parse=False)