* document token ent_kb_id
* document span kb_id
* update pipeline documentation
* prior and context weights as bool's instead
* entitylinker api documentation
* drop for both models
* finish entitylinker documentation
* small fixes
* documentation for KB
* candidate documentation
* links to api pages in code
* small fix
* frequency examples as counts for consistency
* consistent documentation about tensors returned by predict
* add entity linking to usage 101
* add entity linking infobox and KB section to 101
* entity-linking in linguistic features
* small typo corrections
* training example and docs for entity_linker
* predefined nlp and kb
* revert back to similarity encodings for simplicity (for now)
* set prior probabilities to 0 when excluded
* code clean up
* bugfix: deleting kb ID from tokens when entities were removed
* refactor train el example to use either model or vocab
* pretrain_kb example for example kb generation
* add to training docs for KB + EL example scripts
* small fixes
* error numbering
* ensure the language of vocab and nlp stay consistent across serialization
* equality with =
* avoid conflict in errors file
* add error 151
* final adjustements to the train scripts - consistency
* update of goldparse documentation
* small corrections
* push commit
* turn kb_creator into CLI script (wip)
* proper parameters for training entity vectors
* wikidata pipeline split up into two executable scripts
* remove context_width
* move wikidata scripts in bin directory, remove old dummy script
* refine KB script with logs and preprocessing options
* small edits
* small improvements to logging of EL CLI script
* Fix code for bag-of-words feature extraction
The _ml.py module had a redundant copy of a function to extract unigram
bag-of-words features, except one had a bug that set values to 0.
Another function allowed extraction of bigram features. Replace all three
with a new function that supports arbitrary ngram sizes and also allows
control of which attribute is used (e.g. ORTH, LOWER, etc).
* Support 'bow' architecture for TextCategorizer
This allows efficient ngram bag-of-words models, which are better when
the classifier needs to run quickly, especially when the texts are long.
Pass architecture="bow" to use it. The extra arguments ngram_size and
attr are also available, e.g. ngram_size=2 means unigram and bigram
features will be extracted.
* Fix size limits in train_textcat example
* Explain architectures better in docs
While developing v2.1, I ran a bunch of hyper-parameter search
experiments to find settings that performed well for spaCy's NER and
parser. I ended up changing the default Adam settings from beta1=0.9,
beta2=0.999, eps=1e-8 to beta1=0.8, beta2=0.8, eps=1e-5. This was giving
a small improvement in accuracy (like, 0.4%).
Months later, I run the models with Prodigy, which uses beam-search
decoding even when the model has been trained with a greedy objective.
The new models performed terribly...So, wtf? After a couple of days
debugging, I figured out that the new optimizer settings was causing the
model to converge to solutions where the top-scoring class often had
a score of like, -80. The variance on the weights had gone up
enormously. I guess I needed to update the L2 regularisation as well?
Anyway. Let's just revert the change --- if the optimizer is finding
such extreme solutions, that seems bad, and not nearly worth the small
improvement in accuracy.
Currently training a slate of models, to verify the accuracy change is minimal.
Once the training is complete, we can merge this.
<!--- Provide a general summary of your changes in the title. -->
## Description
<!--- Use this section to describe your changes. If your changes required
testing, include information about the testing environment and the tests you
ran. If your test fixes a bug reported in an issue, don't forget to include the
issue number. If your PR is still a work in progress, that's totally fine – just
include a note to let us know. -->
### Types of change
<!-- What type of change does your PR cover? Is it a bug fix, an enhancement
or new feature, or a change to the documentation? -->
## Checklist
<!--- Before you submit the PR, go over this checklist and make sure you can
tick off all the boxes. [] -> [x] -->
- [x] I have submitted the spaCy Contributor Agreement.
- [x] I ran the tests, and all new and existing tests passed.
- [x] My changes don't require a change to the documentation, or if they do, I've added all required information.
The new spacy pretrain command implemented BERT/ULMFit/etc-like transfer learning, using our Language Modelling with Approximate Outputs version of BERT's cloze task. Pretraining is convenient, but in some ways it's a bit of a strange solution. All we're doing is initialising the weights. At the same time, we're putting a lot of work into our optimisation so that it's less sensitive to initial conditions, and more likely to find good optima. I discuss this a bit in the pseudo-rehearsal blog post: https://explosion.ai/blog/pseudo-rehearsal-catastrophic-forgetting
Support semi-supervised learning in spacy train
One obvious way to improve these pretraining methods is to do multi-task learning, instead of just transfer learning. This has been shown to work very well: https://arxiv.org/pdf/1809.08370.pdf . This patch makes it easy to do this sort of thing.
Add a new argument to spacy train, --raw-text. This takes a jsonl file with unlabelled data that can be used in arbitrary ways to do semi-supervised learning.
Add a new method to the Language class and to pipeline components, .rehearse(). This is like .update(), but doesn't expect GoldParse objects. It takes a batch of Doc objects, and performs an update on some semi-supervised objective.
Move the BERT-LMAO objective out from spacy/cli/pretrain.py into spacy/_ml.py, so we can create a new pipeline component, ClozeMultitask. This can be specified as a parser or NER multitask in the spacy train command. Example usage:
python -m spacy train en ./tmp ~/data/en-core-web/train/nw.json ~/data/en-core-web/dev/nw.json --pipeline parser --raw-textt ~/data/unlabelled/reddit-100k.jsonl --vectors en_vectors_web_lg --parser-multitasks cloze
Implement rehearsal methods for pipeline components
The new --raw-text argument and nlp.rehearse() method also gives us a good place to implement the the idea in the pseudo-rehearsal blog post in the parser. This works as follows:
Add a new nlp.resume_training() method. This allocates copies of pre-trained models in the pipeline, setting things up for the rehearsal updates. It also returns an optimizer object. This also greatly reduces confusion around the nlp.begin_training() method, which randomises the weights, making it not suitable for adding new labels or otherwise fine-tuning a pre-trained model.
Implement rehearsal updates on the Parser class, making it available for the dependency parser and NER. During rehearsal, the initial model is used to supervise the model being trained. The current model is asked to match the predictions of the initial model on some data. This minimises catastrophic forgetting, by keeping the model's predictions close to the original. See the blog post for details.
Implement rehearsal updates for tagger
Implement rehearsal updates for text categoriz
Currently the TextCategorizer defaults to a fairly complicated model, designed partly around the active learning requirements of Prodigy. The model's a bit slow, and not very GPU-friendly.
This patch implements a straightforward CNN model that still performs pretty well. The replacement model also makes it easy to use the LMAO pretraining, since most of the parameters are in the CNN.
The replacement model has a flag to specify whether labels are mutually exclusive, which defaults to True. This has been a common problem with the text classifier. We'll also now be able to support adding labels to pretrained models again.
Resolves#2934, #2756, #1798, #1748.
<!--- Provide a general summary of your changes in the title. -->
## Description
- [x] Use [`black`](https://github.com/ambv/black) to auto-format all `.py` files.
- [x] Update flake8 config to exclude very large files (lemmatization tables etc.)
- [x] Update code to be compatible with flake8 rules
- [x] Fix various small bugs, inconsistencies and messy stuff in the language data
- [x] Update docs to explain new code style (`black`, `flake8`, when to use `# fmt: off` and `# fmt: on` and what `# noqa` means)
Once #2932 is merged, which auto-formats and tidies up the CLI, we'll be able to run `flake8 spacy` actually get meaningful results.
At the moment, the code style and linting isn't applied automatically, but I'm hoping that the new [GitHub Actions](https://github.com/features/actions) will let us auto-format pull requests and post comments with relevant linting information.
### Types of change
enhancement, code style
## Checklist
<!--- Before you submit the PR, go over this checklist and make sure you can
tick off all the boxes. [] -> [x] -->
- [x] I have submitted the spaCy Contributor Agreement.
- [x] I ran the tests, and all new and existing tests passed.
- [x] My changes don't require a change to the documentation, or if they do, I've added all required information.
These experiments were completed a few weeks ago, but I didn't make the PR, pending model release.
Token vector width: 128->96
Hidden width: 128->64
Embed size: 5000->2000
Dropout: 0.2->0.1
Updated optimizer defaults (unclear how important?)
This should improve speed, model size and load time, while keeping
similar or slightly better accuracy.
The tl;dr is we prefer to prevent over-fitting by reducing model size,
rather than using more dropout.
Add a new class for the Tagger model, MultiSoftmax. This allows softmax
prediction of multiple classes on the same output layer, e.g. one
variable with 3 classes, another with 4 classes. This makes a layer with
7 output neurons, which we softmax into two distributions.
